小麦-玉米轮作体系中土壤细菌菌群结构及多样性分析
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摘要
合理的轮作可以改善土壤微生物群落结构,提高土壤肥力,减少病虫害的发生。为了探讨小麦和玉米轮作对土壤细菌的影响,采用传统PCR克隆文库构建、克隆测序并结合EzBioCloud细菌分类鉴定,对河南小麦-玉米轮作体系下农田土壤细菌的菌群结构变化及多样性特征进行了分析。结果表明,变形菌门(33.73%)和拟杆菌门(31.50%)细菌是小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤中最主要的优势菌群,其次为酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、放线菌门和疣微菌门等。在小麦和玉米生长期内细菌的丰度和多样性明显高于二者的间隔期;玉米生长期间细菌菌群丰度和物种多样性更高。不同的微生物群落在土壤中担负不同的生态功能。
Rational rotation can optimize community structure and diversity of soil bacteria,improve soil nutrients and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases. In order to explore the effect of wheat-maize rotation on bacterial communities in the field soil,structure,variation and diversity of bacterial communities were analyzed by constructing clone library of bacterial 16 S rRNA gene,and sequencing and Ez Bio Cloud-based taxonomic identification. The results showed that Proteobacteria( 33. 73%) and Bacteroides( 31. 50%) were the dominant bacterial populations in the wheat-maize rotation field,followed by Acidobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes,Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Comparative analysis of three soil samples individually collected from wheat and maize planting periods,and their interval showed that the abundance and diversity of the bacteria were significantly higher in the planting period than in the interval between wheat and maize. Microbial communities play different ecosystem functions in the soil.
Rational rotation can optimize community structure and diversity of soil bacteria,improve soil nutrients and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases. In order to explore the effect of wheat-maize rotation on bacterial communities in the field soil,structure,variation and diversity of bacterial communities were analyzed by constructing clone library of bacterial 16 S rRNA gene,and sequencing and Ez Bio Cloud-based taxonomic identification. The results showed that Proteobacteria( 33. 73%) and Bacteroides( 31. 50%) were the dominant bacterial populations in the wheat-maize rotation field,followed by Acidobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes,Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Comparative analysis of three soil samples individually collected from wheat and maize planting periods,and their interval showed that the abundance and diversity of the bacteria were significantly higher in the planting period than in the interval between wheat and maize. Microbial communities play different ecosystem functions in the soil.
引文
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[2]KONOPKA A,OLIVER L,TURCO R F.The use of carbon substrate utilization patterns in environmental and ecological microbiology[J].Microbial Ecology,1998,35(2):108.
[3]PANKHURST C E,OPHEL-KELLER K,DOUBE B M,et al.Biodiversity of soil microbial communities in agricultural systems[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,1996,5(2):202.
[4]贺纪正,李晶,郑袁明.土壤生态系统微生物多样性-稳定性关系的思考[J].生物多样性,2013,21(4):412.HE J Z,LI J,ZHENG Y M.Thoughts on the microbial diversitystability relationship in soil ecosystems[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(4):412.
[5]全鑫,杨艳艳,梁娟,等.小麦-玉米轮作一体化保护栽培期间土壤微生物群落变化[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(12):133.QUAN X,YANG Y Y,LIANG J,et al.Soil microflora change during integrated protection cultivation of wheat-maize rotation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(12):133.
[6]YUSUF A A,ABAIDOO R C,IWUAFOR E N O,et al.Rotation effects of grain legumes and fallow on maize yield,microbial biomass and chemical properties of an alfisol in the Nigerian savanna[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2009,129:325.
[7]李花,葛玮健,马晓霞,等.小麦-玉米轮作体系长期施肥对(土娄)土微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1141.LI H,GE W J,MA X X,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities of soil microbial biomass under winter wheat and summer maize rotation system[J].Plant and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1141.
[8]PEIFFER J A,SPOR A,KOREN O,et al.Diversity and heritability of the maize rhizosphere microbiome under field conditions[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(16):6548.
[9]TIAN B Y,YANG J K,ZHANG K Q.Bacteria used in biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes:Populations,mechanisms of action,and future prospects[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2007,61:201.
[10]BERENDSEN R L,PIETERSE C M,BAKKER P A.The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health[J].Trends in Plant Science,2012,17(8):478.
[11]TURNER T R,JAMES E K,POOLE P S.The plant microbiome[J].Genome Biology,2013,14:209.
[12]AMANN R I,LUDWIG W,SEHLEIFER K H,et al.Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation[J].Microbiological Reviews,1995,59(1):144.
[13]SMALLAA K,OROS-SICHLERA M,MILLINGA A,et al.Bacterial diversity of soils assessed by DGGE,T-RFLP and SSCP fingerprints of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments:Do the different methods provide similar results[J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,2007,69(3):471.
[14]李世贵,吕天晓,顾金刚,等.土壤微生物分子生态学研究方法[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(6):2.LI S G,LT X,GU J G,et al.The research methods in soil microbial molecular ecology[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2008(6):2.
[15]李晓然,吕毅,宫路路,等.微生物分子生态学发展历史及研究现状[J].中国微生态学杂志,2012,24(4):367.LI X R,LY,GONG L L,et al.The development history and research progress of molecular microbial ecology[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2012,24(4):367.
[16]魏子艳,金德才,邓晔.环境微生物宏基因组学研究中的生物信息学方法[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(5):897.WEI Z Y,JIN D C,DENG Y.Bioinformatics tools and applications in the study of environmental microbial metagenomics[J].Microbiology China,2015,42(5):897.
[17]TIAN B Y,CAO Y,ZHANG K Q.Metagenomic insights into communities,functions of endophytes,and their associates with infection by root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita,in tomato roots[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:17087.
[18]EDWARDS J,JOHNSON C,SANTOS-MEDELLN C,et al.Structure,variation,and assembly of the root-associated microbiomes of rice[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2015,112(8):E911.
[19]MENDES L W,KURAMAE E E,NAVARRETE A A,et al.Taxonomical and functional microbial community selection in soybean rhizosphere[J].The International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal,2014,8:1577.
[20]李东萍,郭明璋,许文涛.16S rRNA测序技术在肠道微生物中的应用研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(2):72.LI D P,GUO M Z,XU W T.Advances and applications on methodology of 16S rRNA sequencing in gut microbiota analysis[J].Biotechnology,2015,31(2):72.
[21]YOON S H,HA S M,KWON S,et al.Introducing Ez Bio Cloud:A taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA and whole genome assemblies[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2017,67:1613.
[22]JEON Y S,LEE K,PARK S C,et al.Ez Editor:A versatile sequence alignment editor for both rRNA-and protein-coding genes[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2014,64:689.
[23]PEACE T A,BROCK K V,STILLS H F.Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the putative agent of proliferative ileitis of hamsters[J].International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology,1994,4:833.
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