热带西太平洋Y3和M2海山区网采浮游植物群落结构特征
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摘要
研究了热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山冬季和马里亚纳M2海山春季网采浮游植物群落结构,对调查区浮游植物的物种组成、优势种类、细胞丰度以及多样性指数进行了分析。结果表明,两个海山区共鉴定浮游植物4门50属219种,其中硅藻门30属106种,甲藻门17属112种,蓝藻门1属2种,金藻门2属3种。两个航次研究区浮游植物优势种均以链状硅藻如根管藻(Rhizosolenia)、半管藻(Hemiaulus)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros)等属的种类为主,此外太阳漂流藻(Planktoniella sol)、铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)以及部分角藻(Ceratium)物种优势度也比较明显。Y3海山区浮游植物细胞丰度介于1.60～16.61 cells/L,平均值为5.02 cells/L; M2海山区浮游植物细胞丰度介于1.36～10.20 cells/L,平均值为4.12cells/L。两个海山区浮游植物细胞丰度的分布趋势均受硅藻影响较大,甲藻细胞丰度相对较低。在属的水平上,角毛藻、根管藻、角藻和半管藻等属的细胞丰度对两个海山区浮游植物总细胞丰度的贡献较大。多样性指数方面, Y3海山区浮游植物群落香农-威纳指数H′(shannon-wiener index)介于3.95～4.69,平均值为4.30; M2海山区浮游植物群落香农-威纳指数介于3.23～4.46,平均值为3.83。两个海山区浮游植物群落多样性指数均处于较高水平,但站位间的变化不明显。目前,关于热带西太平洋海山区浮游植物群落结构的研究还非常缺乏,亟需后续研究的补充。
Two cruises were carried out in the Y3 and M2 seamount zones of the western Pacific in winter 2014 and spring 2016, respectively. The net-phytoplankton community structure including species composition, dominant species composition, cell abundance, and diversity index, was studied. In total, 219 species belonging to 4 phyla and 50 genera were identified. The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of diatoms and dinoflagellates with 106 taxa in 30 genera of diatoms and 112 taxa in 17 genera of dinoflagellates; in addition, several species of Chrysophyta and Cyanophyta were observed. In both cruises, the dominant species found in the study area were mostly chain-form diatoms of the genera Rhizosolenia, Hemiaulus, and Chaetoceros. Other dominant species include Planktoniella sol, Trichodesmium thiebautii, and several species of the genus Ceratium. The phytoplankton cell abundances ranged from 1.60 to 16.61 cells/L(mean=5.02±4.35 cells/L) in the Y3 seamount zone in winter, 2014 and 1.36 to 10.20 cells/L(mean=4.12±2.44 cells/L) in the M2 seamount zone in spring, 2016. Moreover, in both cruises, it was found that diatoms dominated the distribution pattern of phytoplankton cell abundance. Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, Ceratium, and Hemiaulus were the four phytoplankton genera that contributed most to total phytoplankton cell abundance in the study area. The Shannon-wiener diversity index was also calculated, and it ranged from 3.95 to 4.69(mean=4.30±0.23) in Y3 seamount zone in winter 2014 and 3.23 to 4.46(mean= 3.83±0.34) in M2 seamount zone in spring 2016. This study can provide useful information for understanding the biological ecosystem in the western tropical Pacific seamount zones, and in the future, further studies should be carried out on the phytoplankton communities in this area.
Two cruises were carried out in the Y3 and M2 seamount zones of the western Pacific in winter 2014 and spring 2016, respectively. The net-phytoplankton community structure including species composition, dominant species composition, cell abundance, and diversity index, was studied. In total, 219 species belonging to 4 phyla and 50 genera were identified. The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of diatoms and dinoflagellates with 106 taxa in 30 genera of diatoms and 112 taxa in 17 genera of dinoflagellates; in addition, several species of Chrysophyta and Cyanophyta were observed. In both cruises, the dominant species found in the study area were mostly chain-form diatoms of the genera Rhizosolenia, Hemiaulus, and Chaetoceros. Other dominant species include Planktoniella sol, Trichodesmium thiebautii, and several species of the genus Ceratium. The phytoplankton cell abundances ranged from 1.60 to 16.61 cells/L(mean=5.02±4.35 cells/L) in the Y3 seamount zone in winter, 2014 and 1.36 to 10.20 cells/L(mean=4.12±2.44 cells/L) in the M2 seamount zone in spring, 2016. Moreover, in both cruises, it was found that diatoms dominated the distribution pattern of phytoplankton cell abundance. Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, Ceratium, and Hemiaulus were the four phytoplankton genera that contributed most to total phytoplankton cell abundance in the study area. The Shannon-wiener diversity index was also calculated, and it ranged from 3.95 to 4.69(mean=4.30±0.23) in Y3 seamount zone in winter 2014 and 3.23 to 4.46(mean= 3.83±0.34) in M2 seamount zone in spring 2016. This study can provide useful information for understanding the biological ecosystem in the western tropical Pacific seamount zones, and in the future, further studies should be carried out on the phytoplankton communities in this area.
引文
[1]Rogers A D.The biology of seamounts[J].Advances in Marine Biology,1994,30:305-350.
[2]张均龙,徐奎栋.海山生物多样性研究进展与展望[J]地球科学进展,2013,28(11):1209-1216.Zhang Junlong,Xu Kuidong.Progress and prospects in seamount biodiversity[J].Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(11):1209-1216.
[3]张武昌,于莹,李超伦,等.海山区浮游生态学研究[J]海洋与湖沼,2014,45(5):973-978.Zhang Wuchang,Yu Ying,Li Chaolun,et al.Planktonic ecology in seamount area of the open ocean:a review[J]Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(5):973-978.
[4]Mendon?a A,Arístegui J,Vilas J C,et al.Is there a seamount effect on microbial community structure and biomass?The case study of seine and sedlo seamounts(Northeast Atlantic)[J].Plos One,2012,7(1):e29526.
[5]Santos M,Moita M T,Bashmachnikov I,et al.Phytoplankton variability and oceanographic conditions at Condor seamount,Azores(NE Atlantic)[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2013,98:52-62.
[6]Genin A,Boehlert G W.Dynamics of temperature and chlorophyll structures above a seamount:an oceanic experiment[J].Journal of Marine Research,1985,43(4):907-924.
[7]Dower J,Freeland H,Juniper K.A strong biological response to oceanic flow past Cobb seamount[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1992,39(7-8):1139-1145.
[8]Odate T,Furuya K.Well-developed subsurface chlorophyll maximum near Komahashi No.2 Seamount in the summer of 1991[J].Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1998,45(10):1595-1607.
[9]Mouri?o B,Fernáo B F,Serret P,et al.Variability and seasonality of physical and biological fields at the Great Meteor Tablemount(subtropical NE Atlantic)[J].Oceanologica Acta,2001,24(2):167-185.
[10]秦蕴珊,尹宏.西太平洋--我国深海科学研究的优先战略选区[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(3):245-248.Qin Yunshan,Yin Hong.Western pacific:the strategic priority in China deep sea research[J].Advances in Earch Science,2011,26(3):245-248.
[11]孙晓明,薛婷,何高文,等.西太平洋海底海山富钴结壳惰性气体同位素组成及其来源[J].岩石学报,2006,22(9):2331-2340.Sun Xiaoming,Xue Ting,He Gaowen,et al.Noble gases isotopic compositions and sources of cobalt-rich crusts from west Pacific Ocean seamounts[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(9):2331-2340.
[12]薛婷,孙晓明,张美,等.西太平洋海山富钴结壳稀土元素(REE)组成原位LA-ICPMS测定[J].岩石学报,2008,24(10):2423-2432.Xue Ting,Sun Xiaoming,Zhang Mei,et al.In-situ LA-ICPMS analysis of rare earch elements of ferromanganese crusts from west Pacific Ocean seamounts[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2008,24(10):2423-2432.
[13]张文静,孙晓霞,陈芸燕,等.2014年冬季热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山浮游植物叶绿素a浓度及粒级结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(4):739-747.Zhang Wenjing,Sun Xiaoxia,Chen Yunyan,et al.Chlorophyll a concentration and size structure of phytoplankton at Yarp Y3 seamount in tropical west Pacific in winter 2014[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(4):739-747.
[14]王超锋,赵丽,赵苑,等.热带西太平洋浮游纤毛虫的垂直分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):429-437.Wang Chaofeng,Zhao Li,Zhao Yuan,et al.Vertical distribution of planktonic ciliates in tropical western Pacific[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(2):429-437.
[15]代晟,孙晓霞,梁俊华,等.2016年春季西太平洋M2海山浮游植物粒级结构与初级生产力研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(6):1456-1464.Dai Sheng,Sun Xiaoxia,Liang Junhua,et al.Biomass of size-fractionated phytoplankton and primary productivity at M2 seamount in tropical west Pacific in spring2016[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(6):1456-1464.
[16]赵丽,赵燕楚,王超锋,等.热带西太平洋Y3和M2海山微食物网主要类群生态分布与比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(6):1446-1455.Zhao Li,Zhao Yanchu,Wang Chaofeng,et al.Comparison in the distribution of microbial food web components in the Y3 and M2 seamounts in the tropical western Pacific[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(6):1446-1455.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:1-157.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Marine survey guidelines(Part 6):Marine organisms survey[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008:1-157.
[18]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1949:21-34.
[19]中国科学院南海海洋研究所.南海中部海域环境资源综合调查报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:162-231.South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Comprehensive Investigation Report of Environmental Resources in the Middle Area of South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:162-231.
[20]中国科学院南海海洋研究所.曾母暗沙-中国南疆综合调查研究报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:106-131.South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.James Shoal-Comprehensive Survey and Research Report in the South of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987:106-131.
[21]李开枝,郭玉洁,尹健强,等.南沙群岛海区秋季浮游植物物种多样性及数量变化[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(3):25-30.Li Kaizhi,Guo Yujie,Yin Jianqiang,et al.Phytoplankton diversity and abundance in Nansha Islands waters in autumn of 1997[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(3):25-30.
[22]徐宗军,孙萍,朱明远,等.南海北部春季网采浮游植物群落结构初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011,2:100-106.Xu Zongjun,Sun Ping,Zhu Mingyuan,et al.The preliminary study of netz-phytoplankton community structure in north of South China Sea in spring[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,2:100-106.
[23]戴明,巩秀玉,刘华雪,等.2013年春季南沙海域不同水团中网采浮游植物群落特征[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):38-46.Dai Ming,Gong Xiuyu,Liu Huaxue,et al.Community characteristics of net phytoplankton in water masses in Nansha area during spring off 2013[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):38-46.
[24]Tyrrell T,Mara?ón E,Poulton A J,et al.Large-scale latitudinal distribution of Trichodesmium spp.in the Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(4):405-416.
[25]Capone D G,Zehr J P,Paerl H W,et al.Trichodesmium,a globally significant marine cyanobacterium[J].Science1997,276(5316):1221-1229.
[26]Bonnet S,Biegala I C,Dutrieux P,et al.Nitrogen fixation in the western equatorial Pacific:rates,diazotrophic cyanobacterial size class distribution,and biogeochemical significance[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2009,23(3):GB3012.
[27]张东声,王春生,王小谷,等.热带、亚热带太平洋和南印度洋束毛藻的大尺度分布研究[J].海洋学报,2010,32(4):148-154.Zhang Dongsheng,Wang Chunsheng,Wang Xiaogu,et al.The large-scale distribution of Trichodesmium in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean and the southern Indian Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,32(4):148-154.
(1)本文中束毛藻的丰度单位采用国际通用单位trichomes/L,由于与浮游植物其他类群如硅、甲藻的丰度表示单位cells/L不同,浮游植物细胞丰度计算中没有将束毛藻计算在内,束毛藻的丰度在下文单独进行展示。
[2]张均龙,徐奎栋.海山生物多样性研究进展与展望[J]地球科学进展,2013,28(11):1209-1216.Zhang Junlong,Xu Kuidong.Progress and prospects in seamount biodiversity[J].Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(11):1209-1216.
[3]张武昌,于莹,李超伦,等.海山区浮游生态学研究[J]海洋与湖沼,2014,45(5):973-978.Zhang Wuchang,Yu Ying,Li Chaolun,et al.Planktonic ecology in seamount area of the open ocean:a review[J]Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(5):973-978.
[4]Mendon?a A,Arístegui J,Vilas J C,et al.Is there a seamount effect on microbial community structure and biomass?The case study of seine and sedlo seamounts(Northeast Atlantic)[J].Plos One,2012,7(1):e29526.
[5]Santos M,Moita M T,Bashmachnikov I,et al.Phytoplankton variability and oceanographic conditions at Condor seamount,Azores(NE Atlantic)[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2013,98:52-62.
[6]Genin A,Boehlert G W.Dynamics of temperature and chlorophyll structures above a seamount:an oceanic experiment[J].Journal of Marine Research,1985,43(4):907-924.
[7]Dower J,Freeland H,Juniper K.A strong biological response to oceanic flow past Cobb seamount[J].Deep Sea Research Part A.Oceanographic Research Papers,1992,39(7-8):1139-1145.
[8]Odate T,Furuya K.Well-developed subsurface chlorophyll maximum near Komahashi No.2 Seamount in the summer of 1991[J].Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1998,45(10):1595-1607.
[9]Mouri?o B,Fernáo B F,Serret P,et al.Variability and seasonality of physical and biological fields at the Great Meteor Tablemount(subtropical NE Atlantic)[J].Oceanologica Acta,2001,24(2):167-185.
[10]秦蕴珊,尹宏.西太平洋--我国深海科学研究的优先战略选区[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(3):245-248.Qin Yunshan,Yin Hong.Western pacific:the strategic priority in China deep sea research[J].Advances in Earch Science,2011,26(3):245-248.
[11]孙晓明,薛婷,何高文,等.西太平洋海底海山富钴结壳惰性气体同位素组成及其来源[J].岩石学报,2006,22(9):2331-2340.Sun Xiaoming,Xue Ting,He Gaowen,et al.Noble gases isotopic compositions and sources of cobalt-rich crusts from west Pacific Ocean seamounts[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(9):2331-2340.
[12]薛婷,孙晓明,张美,等.西太平洋海山富钴结壳稀土元素(REE)组成原位LA-ICPMS测定[J].岩石学报,2008,24(10):2423-2432.Xue Ting,Sun Xiaoming,Zhang Mei,et al.In-situ LA-ICPMS analysis of rare earch elements of ferromanganese crusts from west Pacific Ocean seamounts[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2008,24(10):2423-2432.
[13]张文静,孙晓霞,陈芸燕,等.2014年冬季热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山浮游植物叶绿素a浓度及粒级结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(4):739-747.Zhang Wenjing,Sun Xiaoxia,Chen Yunyan,et al.Chlorophyll a concentration and size structure of phytoplankton at Yarp Y3 seamount in tropical west Pacific in winter 2014[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(4):739-747.
[14]王超锋,赵丽,赵苑,等.热带西太平洋浮游纤毛虫的垂直分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):429-437.Wang Chaofeng,Zhao Li,Zhao Yuan,et al.Vertical distribution of planktonic ciliates in tropical western Pacific[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(2):429-437.
[15]代晟,孙晓霞,梁俊华,等.2016年春季西太平洋M2海山浮游植物粒级结构与初级生产力研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(6):1456-1464.Dai Sheng,Sun Xiaoxia,Liang Junhua,et al.Biomass of size-fractionated phytoplankton and primary productivity at M2 seamount in tropical west Pacific in spring2016[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(6):1456-1464.
[16]赵丽,赵燕楚,王超锋,等.热带西太平洋Y3和M2海山微食物网主要类群生态分布与比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(6):1446-1455.Zhao Li,Zhao Yanchu,Wang Chaofeng,et al.Comparison in the distribution of microbial food web components in the Y3 and M2 seamounts in the tropical western Pacific[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(6):1446-1455.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:1-157.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Marine survey guidelines(Part 6):Marine organisms survey[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008:1-157.
[18]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1949:21-34.
[19]中国科学院南海海洋研究所.南海中部海域环境资源综合调查报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:162-231.South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Comprehensive Investigation Report of Environmental Resources in the Middle Area of South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:162-231.
[20]中国科学院南海海洋研究所.曾母暗沙-中国南疆综合调查研究报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:106-131.South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.James Shoal-Comprehensive Survey and Research Report in the South of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987:106-131.
[21]李开枝,郭玉洁,尹健强,等.南沙群岛海区秋季浮游植物物种多样性及数量变化[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(3):25-30.Li Kaizhi,Guo Yujie,Yin Jianqiang,et al.Phytoplankton diversity and abundance in Nansha Islands waters in autumn of 1997[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(3):25-30.
[22]徐宗军,孙萍,朱明远,等.南海北部春季网采浮游植物群落结构初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011,2:100-106.Xu Zongjun,Sun Ping,Zhu Mingyuan,et al.The preliminary study of netz-phytoplankton community structure in north of South China Sea in spring[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,2:100-106.
[23]戴明,巩秀玉,刘华雪,等.2013年春季南沙海域不同水团中网采浮游植物群落特征[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):38-46.Dai Ming,Gong Xiuyu,Liu Huaxue,et al.Community characteristics of net phytoplankton in water masses in Nansha area during spring off 2013[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):38-46.
[24]Tyrrell T,Mara?ón E,Poulton A J,et al.Large-scale latitudinal distribution of Trichodesmium spp.in the Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(4):405-416.
[25]Capone D G,Zehr J P,Paerl H W,et al.Trichodesmium,a globally significant marine cyanobacterium[J].Science1997,276(5316):1221-1229.
[26]Bonnet S,Biegala I C,Dutrieux P,et al.Nitrogen fixation in the western equatorial Pacific:rates,diazotrophic cyanobacterial size class distribution,and biogeochemical significance[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2009,23(3):GB3012.
[27]张东声,王春生,王小谷,等.热带、亚热带太平洋和南印度洋束毛藻的大尺度分布研究[J].海洋学报,2010,32(4):148-154.Zhang Dongsheng,Wang Chunsheng,Wang Xiaogu,et al.The large-scale distribution of Trichodesmium in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean and the southern Indian Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,32(4):148-154.
(1)本文中束毛藻的丰度单位采用国际通用单位trichomes/L,由于与浮游植物其他类群如硅、甲藻的丰度表示单位cells/L不同,浮游植物细胞丰度计算中没有将束毛藻计算在内,束毛藻的丰度在下文单独进行展示。