室内培养条件下多元素长效颗粒碳铵与尿素氮素释放规律比较研究
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摘要
通过对多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥和尿素在水溶液和土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮及酰胺态氮积累量比较研究发现:在相同温度下,随着培养时间的增加,两种肥料在水溶液中铵态氮、硝态氮及酰胺态氮3种形态氮素均呈线性增加趋势,且本试验研制的多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥的铵态氮积累量较尿素的积累量低,在一定程度上可起到缓释效果。此外,通过对两种肥料施入土壤进行恒温培养淋洗试验结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥和尿素在土壤中的铵态氮、硝态氮及酰胺态氮3种形态氮素淋出积累速率均不断降低,而淋出积累量则不断增加,且在培养期间,多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥的无机氮淋出积累速率和淋出积累量始终低于普通尿素,这说明多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥在施入土壤后,无机氮素释放速率相对较低,这样可以延长肥效时间,达到肥料氮素缓释的效果。
The experiment is conducted to comparatively study the accumulation of multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate and urea in water and soil. The results showed that the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen of the two fertilizes increased with the increase of incubation time under the same temperature. The accumulation of ammonium nitrogen of the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate was lower than that of urea, so it showed a slow-release effect. In addition, the experimental result of thermostatic cultivation leaching of the two fertilizes applied in soil showed that the leaching rate of ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen and amide nitrogen were reduced gradually with the increase of incubation time, and the accumulation content was increased gradually. During the training, the accumulation content and the leaching rate of mineral nitrogen of the multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate were always lower than that of urea. All the results suggest that the multi-element longacting granular ammonium bicarbonate has the effect of nitrogen slow release because the release rate of inorganic nitrogen is low after the multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to soil.
The experiment is conducted to comparatively study the accumulation of multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate and urea in water and soil. The results showed that the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen of the two fertilizes increased with the increase of incubation time under the same temperature. The accumulation of ammonium nitrogen of the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate was lower than that of urea, so it showed a slow-release effect. In addition, the experimental result of thermostatic cultivation leaching of the two fertilizes applied in soil showed that the leaching rate of ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen and amide nitrogen were reduced gradually with the increase of incubation time, and the accumulation content was increased gradually. During the training, the accumulation content and the leaching rate of mineral nitrogen of the multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate were always lower than that of urea. All the results suggest that the multi-element longacting granular ammonium bicarbonate has the effect of nitrogen slow release because the release rate of inorganic nitrogen is low after the multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to soil.
引文
[1]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[2] Shoji S, Delgado J, Mosier A, et al. Use of controlled release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors to increase nitrogen use efficiency and to conserve air and water quality[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2001(32):1051-1070.
[3] Grant C A, Wu R, Selles F, et al. Crop yield and nitrogen concentration with controlled release urea and split applications of nitrogen as compared to non-coated urea applied at seeding[J].Field Crops Research,2012(127):170-180.
[4]孔祥琳.碳酸氢铵肥料的生产技术[J].化肥工业,2001,28(6):3-4.
[5]汪敬恒.多元素长效颗粒碳铵及其制造方法:中国发明专利,CN99109700.9[P].2001-1-17.
[6]汪敬恒,马新荣,刘蕊,等.新型肥料——多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥生产工艺及效益分析[J].河南科学,2011,29(7):799-802.
[7]汪敬恒,沈其荣,徐阳春,等.多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(1):1-5.
[8]汪敬恒,沈其荣,徐阳春,等.冬小麦-夏玉米两熟制下不同类型氮肥的肥效研究[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):972-976.
[9]朱兆良.我国氮肥的使用现状、问题和对策.中国农业持续发展中问题[M].南昌:江西出版社,1998.
[10]鲁如坤.我国磷肥生产、使用的现状.中国农业持续发展中问题[M].南昌:江西出版社,1998.
[11]谢建昌.世界肥料使用的现状与前景[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1984,4(4):321-330.
[12] Daneshvar M, Sarvestani Z T, Sanavy S A M M. Different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on some agro-physiologic traits in rapeseed(Brassica napus Z.)[J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2008,11(12):1530-1540.
[13] Fan X H, Li Y C. Effects of slow-release fertilizers on tomato growth and nitrogen leaching[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2009,40:3452-3468.
[14]许秀成.缓释、控释肥料生产、使用前景展望[J].磷肥与复肥,2006,21(6):9-11.
[15] Shaviv A, Mikkelsen R L. Controlled-release fertilizers to increase efficiency of nutrient use and minimize environmental degradationA review[J].Fertilizer research,1993,35(1):1-12.
[16] Zou H T, Wang Y S, Song H W, et al. The production of organicInorganic compound film-coated urea and the characteristics of its nutrient release[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2009,8(6):703-708.
[17]戴建军,樊小林,喻建刚,等.热固性树脂包膜控释肥料肥效期的快速预测方法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):431-436.
[18]隋小慧,韩晓日,高鸣,等.几种包膜缓控释肥粒养分释放特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2008,39(4):858-860.
[19]崔静,谷思玉,李菊梅,等.缓/控释肥养分释放特性的评价方法概述[J].化肥工业,2009,36(1):23-27.
[20]杨相东,曹一平,江荣风,等.几种包膜控释肥氮素释放特性的评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):501-507.
[21]杜建军,廖宗文,毛小云,等.包膜控/缓释肥养分释放特性评价方法的研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2003,18(2):11-13.
[2] Shoji S, Delgado J, Mosier A, et al. Use of controlled release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors to increase nitrogen use efficiency and to conserve air and water quality[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2001(32):1051-1070.
[3] Grant C A, Wu R, Selles F, et al. Crop yield and nitrogen concentration with controlled release urea and split applications of nitrogen as compared to non-coated urea applied at seeding[J].Field Crops Research,2012(127):170-180.
[4]孔祥琳.碳酸氢铵肥料的生产技术[J].化肥工业,2001,28(6):3-4.
[5]汪敬恒.多元素长效颗粒碳铵及其制造方法:中国发明专利,CN99109700.9[P].2001-1-17.
[6]汪敬恒,马新荣,刘蕊,等.新型肥料——多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥生产工艺及效益分析[J].河南科学,2011,29(7):799-802.
[7]汪敬恒,沈其荣,徐阳春,等.多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(1):1-5.
[8]汪敬恒,沈其荣,徐阳春,等.冬小麦-夏玉米两熟制下不同类型氮肥的肥效研究[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):972-976.
[9]朱兆良.我国氮肥的使用现状、问题和对策.中国农业持续发展中问题[M].南昌:江西出版社,1998.
[10]鲁如坤.我国磷肥生产、使用的现状.中国农业持续发展中问题[M].南昌:江西出版社,1998.
[11]谢建昌.世界肥料使用的现状与前景[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1984,4(4):321-330.
[12] Daneshvar M, Sarvestani Z T, Sanavy S A M M. Different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on some agro-physiologic traits in rapeseed(Brassica napus Z.)[J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2008,11(12):1530-1540.
[13] Fan X H, Li Y C. Effects of slow-release fertilizers on tomato growth and nitrogen leaching[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2009,40:3452-3468.
[14]许秀成.缓释、控释肥料生产、使用前景展望[J].磷肥与复肥,2006,21(6):9-11.
[15] Shaviv A, Mikkelsen R L. Controlled-release fertilizers to increase efficiency of nutrient use and minimize environmental degradationA review[J].Fertilizer research,1993,35(1):1-12.
[16] Zou H T, Wang Y S, Song H W, et al. The production of organicInorganic compound film-coated urea and the characteristics of its nutrient release[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2009,8(6):703-708.
[17]戴建军,樊小林,喻建刚,等.热固性树脂包膜控释肥料肥效期的快速预测方法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):431-436.
[18]隋小慧,韩晓日,高鸣,等.几种包膜缓控释肥粒养分释放特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2008,39(4):858-860.
[19]崔静,谷思玉,李菊梅,等.缓/控释肥养分释放特性的评价方法概述[J].化肥工业,2009,36(1):23-27.
[20]杨相东,曹一平,江荣风,等.几种包膜控释肥氮素释放特性的评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):501-507.
[21]杜建军,廖宗文,毛小云,等.包膜控/缓释肥养分释放特性评价方法的研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2003,18(2):11-13.