碘工质电推进技术研究综述
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摘要
深空探测任务和微小卫星的迅速发展给电推进系统提出了新的要求,碘工质由于其价格较低,便于存储等优点得到了广泛应用。概述了碘工质在电推进技术的应用现状,介绍了碘工质作为电推进剂在发射成本与存储方面的优势,分析了碘工质的物理,化学,放电特性,为碘工质电推进系统设计及性能优化提供指导,在此基础上分析了碘工质储供系统,真空系统和阴极设计方面所面临的问题及解决思路,列举了目前国际上报道的碘工质电推力器的性能参数。进行了碘工质会切场推力器点火实验,实验结果发现碘工质与氙工质在相同实验条件下放电电流类似,而且100min的实验结果显示碘工质对阳极及推力器通道的腐蚀并不明显。
The deep exploration tasks and nano satellites' rapid development put forward new demands for electrical systems,iodine is widely used because of its low price and easy storage.The research status of iodine applied in electrical technology are studied in this paper.Thus,firstly the merits of iodine used in electrical system is analyzed in storage and price.Then the physical,chemical and plasma characteristics are introduced,which can provide guides on the electrical system design and performance improvements.Furthermore,the main problems in storage system,vacuum system and cathode design are discussed detailed.Fianlly the main performance parameters are summarized on iodine plasma thrusters.The iodine cusped field thruster experiemnts are done.The experimental results show that the current under xenon and iodine on the same conditions are similar and the corrosion of iodine on the anode and thruster channel are not obvious.
The deep exploration tasks and nano satellites' rapid development put forward new demands for electrical systems,iodine is widely used because of its low price and easy storage.The research status of iodine applied in electrical technology are studied in this paper.Thus,firstly the merits of iodine used in electrical system is analyzed in storage and price.Then the physical,chemical and plasma characteristics are introduced,which can provide guides on the electrical system design and performance improvements.Furthermore,the main problems in storage system,vacuum system and cathode design are discussed detailed.Fianlly the main performance parameters are summarized on iodine plasma thrusters.The iodine cusped field thruster experiemnts are done.The experimental results show that the current under xenon and iodine on the same conditions are similar and the corrosion of iodine on the anode and thruster channel are not obvious.
引文
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[2]John W,Derek C,Hani K,et al.The Iodine Satellite(iSat)Project Development towards Critical Design Review[C].Kobe:34th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2015.
[3]John W,James S,Bruce P,et al.Mission and System Advantages of Iodine Hall Thrusters[C].Cleveland50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2014.
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[7]MAJ J,Alexander L.Iodine Small Satellite Propulsion Demonstration-iSAT[C].USA:31st Annual AIAA/USUConference,2007.
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[9]Kurt A,Stephen R,Joao F,et al.Propulsion System Development for the Iodine Satellite(iSAT)Demonstration Mission[C].Kobe:34th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2015.
[10]Adam H,Richard D,Richard E,et al.Performance Evaluation of an Iodine-Vapor Hall Thruster[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(4):848-857.
[11]James S,Mike R,Surjeet P,et al.Iodine Plasma Propulsion Test Results at 1-10kW[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(1):141-148.
[12]James S,Mike R.Iodine Plasma Species Measurements in a Hall Effect Thruster Plume[C].San Jose:49th AIAA/ASME/SAME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2013.
[13]Holste K,Ga?rtner W,Zscha?tzsch D.Performance of an lodine-Fueled Radio-Frequency Ion-Thruster[J].The European Physical Journal D,2018,72(1):217-223.
[14]Kurt A,Steven R,Adam O,et al.Development,Demonstration,and Analysis of an Integrated Iodine Hall Thruster Feed System[C].Salt Lake City:52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2016.
[15]Michael T,John F,Kurt H,et al.Iodine-Fueled Mini RF Ion Thruster for CubeSat Applications[C].Kobe:34th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2015.
[16]Kurt A,Polzin,Steven P,et al.Iodine Hall Thruster Propellant Feed System for a CubeSat[C].Cleveland:50th AIAA/ASME/SAME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2014.
[17]Timothy D,Kamhawi H,Hickman T,et al.Overview of NASA Iodine Hall Thruster Propulsion System Development[C].Rome:Space Propulsion Conference,2016.
[18]Stephanie M.Thermal Analysis of Iodine Satellite(iSAT)from Preliminary Design Review(PDR)to Critical Design Review(CDR)[C].Vienna:46th International Conference on Environment Systems,2016.
[19]Stephanie M.Thermal Analysis of Iodine Satellite(iSAT)[C].Bellevue:45th International Conference on Environmental Systems,2015.
[20]欧阳磊,宁中喜,夏国俊,等.无热子空心阴极冷启动特性研究[J].推进技术,2016,37(6):1195-1200.(OUYANG-Lei,NING Zhong-xi,XIA Guo-jun,et al.Experimental Investigation on Heaterless Hollow Cathode Cold Ignition Characteristic[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(6):1195-1200.)
[21]李文博,胡俊锋,孙昊,等.电推进空心阴极热子的寿命评估研究[J].推进技术,2017,38(9):2146-2151.(LI Wen-bo,HU Jun-feng,SUN Hao,et al Research on Life Assessment of Electric Propulsion Hollow Cathode Heater[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(9):2146-2151.
[22]Hani k,Thomas H,Gabriel B,et al.Overview of Iodine Propellant Hall Thruster Development Activities at NASA Glenn Research Center[C].Salt Lake City:52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2016.
[23]Lauren P,John D.Instant Start Electride Hollow Cathode[C].Washington:33th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2013.
[24]Grondein P,Lafleur T,Chabert P,et al.Global Model of an Iodine Gridded Plasma Thruster[J].Physics o Plasmas,2016,23(3):2473-2486.
[25]Maria Choi.Modeling an Iodine Hall Thruster Plume in the Iodine Satellite(iSAT)[C].Phoenix:8th Spacecraft Propulsion Meeting,2016.
[26]James S,Mike R,Surjeet P,et al.Iodine Propellant Space Propulsion[C].Washington:33th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2013.
[27]James S,Mike Robin.Plasma Species Measurements in the Plume of an Iodine Fueled Hall Thruster[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2014,30(5):1357-1367.
[28]Chiu Y.Optical Emission Spectra of the Iodine Hall Effect Thruster[C].Atlanta:48th AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2012.
[29]Waldemar G,Daniel Z.Characterization of the Operation of RITs with Iodine[C].Atlanta:35th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2017.
[2]John W,Derek C,Hani K,et al.The Iodine Satellite(iSat)Project Development towards Critical Design Review[C].Kobe:34th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2015.
[3]John W,James S,Bruce P,et al.Mission and System Advantages of Iodine Hall Thrusters[C].Cleveland50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2014.
[4]Dressler R,Chiu Y,Levandier D,et al.Propellant Alternatives for Ion and Hall Effect Thruster[C].Reno38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting,2000.
[5]Paganucci F,Saravia M M,Mininni M M,et al.Progress on the Development of an Iodine-Fed Hall Effect Thruster[C].Atlanta:35th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2017.
[6]2Lt Adam C H,Lt Col Richard D B,Lt Col Richard EH,et al.High Thrust Density Propellants in Hall Thrusters[R].AIAA 2011-524.
[7]MAJ J,Alexander L.Iodine Small Satellite Propulsion Demonstration-iSAT[C].USA:31st Annual AIAA/USUConference,2007.
[8]Kurt A,Joao F,Stephanie L,et al.The Iodine Satellite(iSat)Propellant Feed System-Design and Development[C].Atlanta:35th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2017.
[9]Kurt A,Stephen R,Joao F,et al.Propulsion System Development for the Iodine Satellite(iSAT)Demonstration Mission[C].Kobe:34th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2015.
[10]Adam H,Richard D,Richard E,et al.Performance Evaluation of an Iodine-Vapor Hall Thruster[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(4):848-857.
[11]James S,Mike R,Surjeet P,et al.Iodine Plasma Propulsion Test Results at 1-10kW[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(1):141-148.
[12]James S,Mike R.Iodine Plasma Species Measurements in a Hall Effect Thruster Plume[C].San Jose:49th AIAA/ASME/SAME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2013.
[13]Holste K,Ga?rtner W,Zscha?tzsch D.Performance of an lodine-Fueled Radio-Frequency Ion-Thruster[J].The European Physical Journal D,2018,72(1):217-223.
[14]Kurt A,Steven R,Adam O,et al.Development,Demonstration,and Analysis of an Integrated Iodine Hall Thruster Feed System[C].Salt Lake City:52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2016.
[15]Michael T,John F,Kurt H,et al.Iodine-Fueled Mini RF Ion Thruster for CubeSat Applications[C].Kobe:34th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2015.
[16]Kurt A,Polzin,Steven P,et al.Iodine Hall Thruster Propellant Feed System for a CubeSat[C].Cleveland:50th AIAA/ASME/SAME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2014.
[17]Timothy D,Kamhawi H,Hickman T,et al.Overview of NASA Iodine Hall Thruster Propulsion System Development[C].Rome:Space Propulsion Conference,2016.
[18]Stephanie M.Thermal Analysis of Iodine Satellite(iSAT)from Preliminary Design Review(PDR)to Critical Design Review(CDR)[C].Vienna:46th International Conference on Environment Systems,2016.
[19]Stephanie M.Thermal Analysis of Iodine Satellite(iSAT)[C].Bellevue:45th International Conference on Environmental Systems,2015.
[20]欧阳磊,宁中喜,夏国俊,等.无热子空心阴极冷启动特性研究[J].推进技术,2016,37(6):1195-1200.(OUYANG-Lei,NING Zhong-xi,XIA Guo-jun,et al.Experimental Investigation on Heaterless Hollow Cathode Cold Ignition Characteristic[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(6):1195-1200.)
[21]李文博,胡俊锋,孙昊,等.电推进空心阴极热子的寿命评估研究[J].推进技术,2017,38(9):2146-2151.(LI Wen-bo,HU Jun-feng,SUN Hao,et al Research on Life Assessment of Electric Propulsion Hollow Cathode Heater[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(9):2146-2151.
[22]Hani k,Thomas H,Gabriel B,et al.Overview of Iodine Propellant Hall Thruster Development Activities at NASA Glenn Research Center[C].Salt Lake City:52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2016.
[23]Lauren P,John D.Instant Start Electride Hollow Cathode[C].Washington:33th International Electric Propulsion Conference,2013.
[24]Grondein P,Lafleur T,Chabert P,et al.Global Model of an Iodine Gridded Plasma Thruster[J].Physics o Plasmas,2016,23(3):2473-2486.
[25]Maria Choi.Modeling an Iodine Hall Thruster Plume in the Iodine Satellite(iSAT)[C].Phoenix:8th Spacecraft Propulsion Meeting,2016.
[26]James S,Mike R,Surjeet P,et al.Iodine Propellant Space Propulsion[C].Washington:33th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2013.
[27]James S,Mike Robin.Plasma Species Measurements in the Plume of an Iodine Fueled Hall Thruster[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2014,30(5):1357-1367.
[28]Chiu Y.Optical Emission Spectra of the Iodine Hall Effect Thruster[C].Atlanta:48th AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference,2012.
[29]Waldemar G,Daniel Z.Characterization of the Operation of RITs with Iodine[C].Atlanta:35th International Electrical Propulsion Conference,2017.