六株虫生真菌的生物学特性及其对油茶象甲的致病力
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摘要
为了筛选防治油茶象甲的虫生真菌菌株,本研究测定了不同绿僵菌(Ma09、Ma25、Ma05、Mac985)和白僵菌(Bb01、Bb02)菌株的生长速度、产孢量以及孢子萌发率,采用孢悬液浸渍法测定了上述菌株对油茶象甲成虫和幼虫的致病力。结果表明,Ma09、Ma05、Bb01、Bb02菌株的菌落直径分别为63.13、62.55、61.99、61.90 mm(25℃、15 d),生长速度显著快于其余菌株(P<0.05);Ma25、Bb01、Ma09菌株的产孢量分别为3.04×10~8、2.88×10~8、2.85×10~8孢子/cm~2,显著高于其余菌株(P<0.05);Bb01和Ma09菌株的孢子萌发率较高,分别达到97.80%和96.40%。不同菌株对油茶象甲成虫和幼虫致病力差异显著,其中Bb01和Ma09在1×10~7孢子/mL时,对油茶象甲成虫的LT_(50)分别为4.64 d和4.93 d,处理后15 d累计校正死亡率均达到100.00%,僵虫率分别为76.00%和78.67%;对幼虫的LT_(50)分别为2.15 d和3.48 d,10 d累计校正死亡率均达到100.00%,僵虫率分别为81.00%和86.31%。本研究筛选的Bb01和Ma09菌株具有生长快、产孢量大、孢子萌发率高、对油茶象甲致病力强等特性,在油茶象甲的生物防治中具有潜在的应用价值。
In order to screen fungal strains for control of Curculio chinensis, in this study, the growth rate, sporulation and spore germination rate of different Metarhizium spp.(Ma09, Ma25, Ma05 and Mac985) and Beauveria bassiana(Bb01 and Bb02) strains were determined. The pathogenicity of the above strains to adults and larvae of C.chinensis was determined by impregnation metnod. The results showed that the colony diameters of Ma09, Ma05, Bb01 and Bb02 strains on 15~(th) days were 63.13 mm, 62.55 mm, 61.99 mm, and 61.90 mm at 25℃, respectively,which were significantly higher than the other strains(P<0.05). The production of spores of Ma25, Bb01, and Ma09 were 3.04×10~8, 2.88×10~8, 2.85×10~8 spores/cm~2, significantly higher than the rest of strains(P<0.05). The spore germination rates of Bb01 and Ma09 were 97.80% and 96.40%, respectively, which were also significantly higher than other strains. The pathogenicity of different strains showed significant differences against adults and larvae of C.chinensis. For C.chinensis adults treated with Bb01 and Ma09 at concentration of 1×10~(7 )spores/mL, the LT_(50) were 4.64 d and 4.93 d, respectively, the accumulative corrected mortality of both reached 100.00% on the 15 th day, the infection rates were 76.00% and 78.67%, respectively. For the larvae treated with Bb01 and Ma09 at concentration of 1×10~(7 )spores/mL, the LT_(50 )were 2.15 d and 3.48 d, respectively, the accumulative corrected mortality of both reached 100.00% on the 10 th day, and the infection rates were 81.00% and 86.31%, respectively. The Bb01 and Ma09 strains screened in this study have the characteristics of high growth rate, large spore production, high spore germination rate and strong pathogenicity to C.chinensis, indicating their potential application value in biological control of C.chinensis.
In order to screen fungal strains for control of Curculio chinensis, in this study, the growth rate, sporulation and spore germination rate of different Metarhizium spp.(Ma09, Ma25, Ma05 and Mac985) and Beauveria bassiana(Bb01 and Bb02) strains were determined. The pathogenicity of the above strains to adults and larvae of C.chinensis was determined by impregnation metnod. The results showed that the colony diameters of Ma09, Ma05, Bb01 and Bb02 strains on 15~(th) days were 63.13 mm, 62.55 mm, 61.99 mm, and 61.90 mm at 25℃, respectively,which were significantly higher than the other strains(P<0.05). The production of spores of Ma25, Bb01, and Ma09 were 3.04×10~8, 2.88×10~8, 2.85×10~8 spores/cm~2, significantly higher than the rest of strains(P<0.05). The spore germination rates of Bb01 and Ma09 were 97.80% and 96.40%, respectively, which were also significantly higher than other strains. The pathogenicity of different strains showed significant differences against adults and larvae of C.chinensis. For C.chinensis adults treated with Bb01 and Ma09 at concentration of 1×10~(7 )spores/mL, the LT_(50) were 4.64 d and 4.93 d, respectively, the accumulative corrected mortality of both reached 100.00% on the 15 th day, the infection rates were 76.00% and 78.67%, respectively. For the larvae treated with Bb01 and Ma09 at concentration of 1×10~(7 )spores/mL, the LT_(50 )were 2.15 d and 3.48 d, respectively, the accumulative corrected mortality of both reached 100.00% on the 10 th day, and the infection rates were 81.00% and 86.31%, respectively. The Bb01 and Ma09 strains screened in this study have the characteristics of high growth rate, large spore production, high spore germination rate and strong pathogenicity to C.chinensis, indicating their potential application value in biological control of C.chinensis.
引文
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Jiang XZ.Prevention and control measures for pests and diseases of Camellia oleifera [J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2001,15 (5):35-37.[姜晓装.油茶病虫害的防治措施[J].林业工程学报,2001,15 (5):35-37]
Jia CS.Calculatiang the LC50 of insecticides with software SPSS [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2006,43 (3):414-417.[贾春生.利用SPSS软件计算杀虫剂的LC50 [J].应用昆虫学报,2006,43 (3):414-417]
Jiang SJ.Control of Curculio chinensis [J].Special Economic Animal and Plant,2009,12 (8):54-54.[蒋三俊.油茶象鼻虫的防治[J].特种经济动植物,2009,12 (8):54-54]
Jiao YH.Cultivated area of Camellia oleifera reached 383 hm2 in China[J].Forestry and Ecology,2013 (12):46-46.[焦玉海.全国油茶种植面积已达383万公顷[J].林业与生态,2013 (12):46-46]
Lin HF,Li SG,Zhang L,et al.Biological characteristics Metarhizium anisopliae var.major and its virulence to white grubs [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17 (2):351-353.[林华峰,李世广,张磊,等.绿僵菌大孢变种的生物学特征及其对蛴螬的毒力研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17 (2):351-353]
Li J,Cui YS,Song YS,et al.Characteristics of a new list of forestry quarantine and dangerous pests in China [J].Forest Pest and Disease,2013,32 (5):42-47.[李娟,崔永三,宋玉双,等.我国林业检疫性和危险性有害生物新名单的特点[J].中国森林病虫,2013,32 (5):42-47]
Li WL,Bao YX,Lin XT,et al.Control over Empoasca vitis Gothe with powder Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae mixture [J].Acta Agricultural Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2017,39 (4):699-705.[李万里,包亚星,林晓婷,等.应用白僵菌与绿僵菌及其复配剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39 (4):699-705]
Milner RJ.Selection of strains of Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Australian sugarcane white grubs [J].Use of Pathogens in Scarab Pest Management,1992.
Milner RJ,Staples JA,Lutton GG.The selection of an isolate of the hyphomycete fungus,Metarhizium anisopliae,for control of termites in Australia [J].Biological Control,1998,11 (3):240-247.
Quintela ED,Mccoy CW.Pathogenicity enhancement of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to first instars of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) with sublethal doses of imidacloprid [J].Environmental Entomology,1997,26 (5):1173-1182.
Rezende SRF,Curvello FA,Fraga ME,et al.Control of the Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) with entomopathogenic fungi [J].Revista Brasileira De Ciência Avícola,2009,11 (2):121-127.
Song Z,Jiang YC,Ye B,et al.Toxicity of the mixture of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to Dendrolimus punctatus [J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition),2006,35 (3):254-257.[宋漳,江英成,叶斌,等.绿僵菌与白僵菌混合使用对马尾松毛虫的毒力[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2006,35 (3):254-257]
Wang SY,Zou LJ,Shi YQ,et al.Effect of control Anoplophora glabripennis with Beauveria bassiana [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2000,16 (2):96-96.[王素英,邹立杰,时亚琴,等.球孢白僵菌加增效剂对光肩星天牛的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2000,16 (2):96-96]
Zhao YC,Chen YQ.Economic Insects of China.Fasc.20,Coleoptera:Curulionidae (I)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:162-163.[赵养昌,陈元清.中国经济昆虫志.第二十册,鞘翅目象虫科(一)[M].北京:科技出版社,1980:162-163]
Zhuang RL.Chinese Camellia (2nd Edition) [M].China Forestry Publishing House,2008.[庄瑞林.中国油茶(第2版)[M].中国林业出版社,2008]
Zhao DY,Qin CS,Jie YZ,et al.Investigation on diseases and pests species of Camellia oleifera and their occurrence dynamics Guangdong [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40 (29):14267-14270.[赵丹阳,秦长生,揭育泽,等.广东省油茶病虫害种类及发生动态调查[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40 (29):14267-14270]
Adane K,Moore D,Archer SA.Preliminary studies on the use of Beauveria bassiana to control Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in the laboratory [J].Journal of Stored Products Research,1996,32 (2):105-113.
Ansari MA,Vestergaard S,Tirry L,et al.Selection of a highly virulent fungal isolate,Metarhizium anisopliae CLO 53,for controlling Hoplia philanthus [J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2004,85 (2):89-96.
Bo B,Zheng YQ,Liu SY,et al.Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against the 2nd instar lavae of Holotrichia diomphalia Batesa [J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2016,V31 (1):30-34.[柏波,郑亚强,刘思雨,等.金龟子绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌对大黑鳃金龟二龄幼虫的致病力[J].云南农业大学学报,2016,V31 (1):30-34]
Cesarronald P,Adrianorodriguesde P,Simoneoazevedo G,et al.The potential of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana isolates for the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae [J].Biocontrol Science & Technology,2009,19 (8):881-886.
Cai SP,He XY,Li ZZ,et al.Study on damage of Curculio chinensis on Camellia oleifera fruit [J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2011,38 (2):14-16.[蔡守平,何学友,李志真,等.油茶象危害油茶果实的初步研究[J].福建林业科技,2011,38 (2):14-16]
He XY,Cai SP,Tong YH,et al.Pathogenicity evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against adults Basilepta melaanopus (Coleoptera:Eumolpidae) [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2011,54 (11):1281-1287.[何学友,蔡守平,童应华,等.球孢白僵菌和金龟子绿僵菌不同菌株对黑足角胸叶甲成虫的致病力评价[J].昆虫学报,2011,54 (11):1281-1287]
Hua ZY,Wang JT,Liu J,et al.Insect pests of Camellia oleifera and their natural enemies in Quzhou,China [J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2012,29 (2):232-243.[华正媛,王井田,刘剑,等.衢州市油茶害虫及天敌种类调查[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29 (2):232-243]
He XY,Cai SP,Du YF,et al.Screening of Metarhizium anisopliae strain with high virulence against larvae of Curculio chinensis (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2015a,51 (8):52-59.[何学友,蔡守平,杜月飞,等.感染油茶象幼虫的高致病力金龟子绿僵菌菌株筛选[J].林业科学,2015a,51 (8):52-59]
He XY,Cai SP,Zhan ZR,et al.Study on sustainable control of Curculio chinensis larvae by Metarhizium anisopliae in field [J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2015b,42 (4):18-22.[何学友,蔡守平,詹祖仁,等.绿僵菌对油茶象幼虫林间控制效果[J].福建林业科技,2015b,42 (4):18-22]
Jiang XZ.Prevention and control measures for pests and diseases of Camellia oleifera [J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2001,15 (5):35-37.[姜晓装.油茶病虫害的防治措施[J].林业工程学报,2001,15 (5):35-37]
Jia CS.Calculatiang the LC50 of insecticides with software SPSS [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2006,43 (3):414-417.[贾春生.利用SPSS软件计算杀虫剂的LC50 [J].应用昆虫学报,2006,43 (3):414-417]
Jiang SJ.Control of Curculio chinensis [J].Special Economic Animal and Plant,2009,12 (8):54-54.[蒋三俊.油茶象鼻虫的防治[J].特种经济动植物,2009,12 (8):54-54]
Jiao YH.Cultivated area of Camellia oleifera reached 383 hm2 in China[J].Forestry and Ecology,2013 (12):46-46.[焦玉海.全国油茶种植面积已达383万公顷[J].林业与生态,2013 (12):46-46]
Lin HF,Li SG,Zhang L,et al.Biological characteristics Metarhizium anisopliae var.major and its virulence to white grubs [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17 (2):351-353.[林华峰,李世广,张磊,等.绿僵菌大孢变种的生物学特征及其对蛴螬的毒力研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17 (2):351-353]
Li J,Cui YS,Song YS,et al.Characteristics of a new list of forestry quarantine and dangerous pests in China [J].Forest Pest and Disease,2013,32 (5):42-47.[李娟,崔永三,宋玉双,等.我国林业检疫性和危险性有害生物新名单的特点[J].中国森林病虫,2013,32 (5):42-47]
Li WL,Bao YX,Lin XT,et al.Control over Empoasca vitis Gothe with powder Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae mixture [J].Acta Agricultural Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2017,39 (4):699-705.[李万里,包亚星,林晓婷,等.应用白僵菌与绿僵菌及其复配剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39 (4):699-705]
Milner RJ.Selection of strains of Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Australian sugarcane white grubs [J].Use of Pathogens in Scarab Pest Management,1992.
Milner RJ,Staples JA,Lutton GG.The selection of an isolate of the hyphomycete fungus,Metarhizium anisopliae,for control of termites in Australia [J].Biological Control,1998,11 (3):240-247.
Quintela ED,Mccoy CW.Pathogenicity enhancement of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to first instars of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) with sublethal doses of imidacloprid [J].Environmental Entomology,1997,26 (5):1173-1182.
Rezende SRF,Curvello FA,Fraga ME,et al.Control of the Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) with entomopathogenic fungi [J].Revista Brasileira De Ciência Avícola,2009,11 (2):121-127.
Song Z,Jiang YC,Ye B,et al.Toxicity of the mixture of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to Dendrolimus punctatus [J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition),2006,35 (3):254-257.[宋漳,江英成,叶斌,等.绿僵菌与白僵菌混合使用对马尾松毛虫的毒力[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2006,35 (3):254-257]
Wang SY,Zou LJ,Shi YQ,et al.Effect of control Anoplophora glabripennis with Beauveria bassiana [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2000,16 (2):96-96.[王素英,邹立杰,时亚琴,等.球孢白僵菌加增效剂对光肩星天牛的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2000,16 (2):96-96]
Zhao YC,Chen YQ.Economic Insects of China.Fasc.20,Coleoptera:Curulionidae (I)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:162-163.[赵养昌,陈元清.中国经济昆虫志.第二十册,鞘翅目象虫科(一)[M].北京:科技出版社,1980:162-163]
Zhuang RL.Chinese Camellia (2nd Edition) [M].China Forestry Publishing House,2008.[庄瑞林.中国油茶(第2版)[M].中国林业出版社,2008]
Zhao DY,Qin CS,Jie YZ,et al.Investigation on diseases and pests species of Camellia oleifera and their occurrence dynamics Guangdong [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40 (29):14267-14270.[赵丹阳,秦长生,揭育泽,等.广东省油茶病虫害种类及发生动态调查[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40 (29):14267-14270]