北江干流河岸带植物物种多样性的纵向梯度效应
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摘要
河岸带生态系统是水生生态系统和陆生生态系统进行物质、能量和信息交换的生态交错带,具有较高水平的物种多样性并能提供多种生态系统服务。本研究基于植物群落调查,探讨了北江干流河岸带植物物种组成以及纵向环境梯度上植物物种α、β和γ多样性的分布规律。结果表明:(1)群落调查共记录植物59科116属136种,以禾本科和菊科植物居多,但样地间物种差异明显,物种出现频率低,其中只出现1次的物种数百分比高达48.7%～71.4%,表明河岸带维持植物物种多样性的功能很大程度上是维持不同的物种共存,而不是单一物种的数量;(2)在纵向环境梯度上,α多样性均呈先减少后增加的趋势,高海拔河岸带物种α多样性最高;(3)纵向环境梯度物种替代性表现出强烈的波动性和间断性,而相似性则呈现连续变化,这与河岸带保存物种多样性的特征以及人类活动、地形、气候要素等影响下物种分布相对不均有关;(4)γ多样性在纵向环境梯度上呈先减少后增加的趋势,说明河岸带γ多样性在区域尺度上受多种环境梯度交互影响,但高海拔河岸带物种γ多样性高于低海拔河岸带。
Riparian ecosystem is the ecotone between aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem.It harbors high biodiversity and provides numerous ecosystem services. In this study, we exam-ined species composition and α, β, and γ diversities of plant communities in the riparian zonealong a longitudinal gradient of elevation from downstream to upstream of the Beijiang River. Theresults showed that:(1) A total of 136 plant species belonging to 116 genera and 59 familieswere recorded. Gramineae and Compositae were dominant families. Species composition differedamong plots. Many species were found with low frequency, with 48.7%-71.4% of total speciesoccurred only once, suggesting that riparian ecosystem maintained plant species diversity throughharboring different species rather than high individuals of single species.(2) The α diversity firstdecreased and then increased along the longitudinal gradient, with higher values observed at plotslocated in high altitudinal riparian zone.(3) Plant species turnover presented intense fluctuationand discontinuity from low altitudinal to high altitudinal sites or from downstream to upstream,while the similarity of plant species consistently varied. This would be related to the specific char-acteristics of riparian zone in maintaining biodiversity and the relative heterogeneous distributionof plants species derived by human activities, topographic, and climatic factors.(4) The γdiversity along the longitudinal gradient showed a down-up trend, suggesting that the riparian γdiversity at regional scale was simultaneously influenced by many environmental gradients. The γ diversity of high altitude was higher than that of low altitude.
Riparian ecosystem is the ecotone between aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem.It harbors high biodiversity and provides numerous ecosystem services. In this study, we exam-ined species composition and α, β, and γ diversities of plant communities in the riparian zonealong a longitudinal gradient of elevation from downstream to upstream of the Beijiang River. Theresults showed that:(1) A total of 136 plant species belonging to 116 genera and 59 familieswere recorded. Gramineae and Compositae were dominant families. Species composition differedamong plots. Many species were found with low frequency, with 48.7%-71.4% of total speciesoccurred only once, suggesting that riparian ecosystem maintained plant species diversity throughharboring different species rather than high individuals of single species.(2) The α diversity firstdecreased and then increased along the longitudinal gradient, with higher values observed at plotslocated in high altitudinal riparian zone.(3) Plant species turnover presented intense fluctuationand discontinuity from low altitudinal to high altitudinal sites or from downstream to upstream,while the similarity of plant species consistently varied. This would be related to the specific char-acteristics of riparian zone in maintaining biodiversity and the relative heterogeneous distributionof plants species derived by human activities, topographic, and climatic factors.(4) The γdiversity along the longitudinal gradient showed a down-up trend, suggesting that the riparian γdiversity at regional scale was simultaneously influenced by many environmental gradients. The γ diversity of high altitude was higher than that of low altitude.
引文
白玉锋,徐海量,张沛,等.2017.塔里木河下游荒漠植物多样性、地上生物量与地下水埋深的关系.中国沙漠,37(4):724-732.
董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.2017.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系.生态学报,37(5):1472-1483.
拉琼,扎西次仁,朱卫东,等.2014.雅鲁藏布江河岸植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释.生物多样性,22(3):337-347.
刘庆,魏建兵,吴志峰,等.2016.多尺度环境因子对广州市流溪河河岸带土壤理化性质空间分异的影响.生态学杂志,35(11):3064-3071.
吴长松,赵清贺,刘璞,等.2017.北江红壤河岸坡面侵蚀水动力特征.中国水土保持科学,15(5):1-7.
张昶,王成,孙睿霖,等.2016.城市化地区河岸带植被特征及其与河岸硬度的关系---以晋江市为例.生态学报,36(12):3703-3713.
张晓龙,周继华,蔡文涛,等.2017.水分梯度下黑河流域荒漠植物群落多样性特征.生态学报,37(14):4627-4635.
张雪妮,吕光辉,王庭权,等.2015.荒漠区垂直河岸带植物多样性格局及其成因.生态学报,35(18):1-11.
张雪妮,杨晓东,吕光辉.2016.水盐梯度下荒漠植物多样性格局及其与土壤环境的关系.生态学报,36(11):3206-3215.
赵鸣飞,康慕谊,刘全儒,等.2013.东江干流河岸带植物多样性分布规律及影响因素.资源科学,35(3):488-495.
赵清贺,马丽娇,刘倩,等.2015.黄河中下游典型河岸带植物物种多样性及其对环境的响应.生态学杂志,34(5):1325-1331.
赵清贺,徐珊珊,马丽娇,等.2017.北江干流河岸带不同植被类型植物物种多样性分析.水土保持研究,24(5):215-221.
Allan JD.2004.Landscapes and riverscapes:The influence of land use on stream ecosystems.Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,35:257-284.
Burton ML,Samuelson LJ,Pan S.2005.Riparian woody plant diversity and forest structure along an urban-rural gradient.Urban Ecosystems,8:93-106.
Celentano D,Rousseau GX,Engel VL,et al.2017.Degradation of riparian forest affects soil properties and ecosystem services provision in Eastern Amazon of Brazil.Land Degradation&Development,28:482-493.
Elliott KJ,Vose JM.2016.Effects of riparian zone buffer widths on vegetation diversity in southern Appalachian headwater catchments.Forest Ecology and Management,376:9-23.
Gageler R,Bonner M,Kirchhof G,et al.2014.Early response of soil properties and function to riparian rainforest restoration.PLoS ONE,9:e104198.
Geng Y,Wang D,Yang W.2017.Effects of different inundation periods on soil enzyme activity in riparian zones in Lijiang.Catena,149:19-27.
Hénault-Ethier L,Larocque M,Perron R,et al.2017.Hydrological heterogeneity in agricultural riparian buffer strips.Journal of Hydrology,546:276-288.
Isbell F,Calcagno V,Hector A,et al.2011.High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services.Nature,477:199-202.
Jansson R,Laudon H,Johansson E,et al.2007.The importance of groundwater discharge for plant species number in riparian zones.Ecology,88:131-139.
Kominoski JS,Shan JJF,Canhoto C,et al.2013.Forecasting functional implications of global changes in riparian plant communities.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,11:423-432.
Lite SJ,Bagstad KJ,Strmberg JC.2005.Riparian plant species richness along lateral and longitudinal gradients of water stress and flood disturbance,San Pedro River,Arizona,USA.Journal of Arid Environments,63:785-813.
Mehmood A,Shah AH,Shah AH,et al.2016.Deterended correspondence analysis of vegetation in district tor ghar,Westrn Himalaya.Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences,9:2222-3045.
Méndez-Toribio M,Zerbee?o-Hernández I,et al.2014.Effect of land use on the structure and diversity of riparian vegetation in the Duero river watershed in Michoacan,Mexico.Plant Ecology,215:1-12.
Naiman RJ,Décamps H.1997.The ecology of interfaces:Riparian zones.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28:621-658.
Pacific VJ,Mcglynn BL,Riveros-Iregui DA,et al.2015.Landscape structure,groundwater dynamics,and soil water content influence soil respiration across riparian-hillslope transitions in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest,Montana.Hydrological Processes,25:811-827.
Ren?f?lt BM,Nilsson C,Jansson R.2005.Spatial and temporal patterns of species richness in a riparian landscape.Journal of Biogeography,32:2025-2037.
Rutina LP,Moe SR.2014.Elephant(Loxodonta africana)disturbance to riparian woodland:Effects on tree-species richness,diversity and functional redundancy.Ecosystems,17:1384-1396.
Sabo JL,Sponseller R,Dixon M,et al.2005.Riparian zones increase regional species richness by harboring different,not more,species.Ecology,86:56-62.
Salins MJ,Casas JJ.2007.Riparian vegetation of two semi-arid Mediterranean rivers:Basin-scale responses of woody and herbaceous plants to environmental gradients.Wetlands,27:831-845.
Sandra D,Sandra L,Francesco DB,et al.2008.Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104:20684-20689.
Sgers CL,Lyon J.1997.Gradient analysis in a riparian landscape:Contrasts among forest layers.Forest Ecology and Management,96:13-26.
Tabacchi E,Planty-Tabacchi AM,Roques L,et al.2005.Seed inputs in riparian zones:Implications for plant invasion.River Research and Applications,21:299-313.
Tang Q,Bao Y,He X,et al.2014.Sedimentation and associated trace metal enrichment in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China.Science of the Total Environment,479:258-266.
Tornwall B,Sokol E,Skelton J,et al.2015.Trends in stream biodiversity research since the river continuum concept.Diversity,7:16-35.
Xu W,Chen G,Liu C,et al.2015.Latitudinal differences in species abundance distributions,rather than spatial aggregation,explain beta-diversity along latitudinal gradients.Global Ecology and Biogeography,24:1170-1180.
董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.2017.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系.生态学报,37(5):1472-1483.
拉琼,扎西次仁,朱卫东,等.2014.雅鲁藏布江河岸植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释.生物多样性,22(3):337-347.
刘庆,魏建兵,吴志峰,等.2016.多尺度环境因子对广州市流溪河河岸带土壤理化性质空间分异的影响.生态学杂志,35(11):3064-3071.
吴长松,赵清贺,刘璞,等.2017.北江红壤河岸坡面侵蚀水动力特征.中国水土保持科学,15(5):1-7.
张昶,王成,孙睿霖,等.2016.城市化地区河岸带植被特征及其与河岸硬度的关系---以晋江市为例.生态学报,36(12):3703-3713.
张晓龙,周继华,蔡文涛,等.2017.水分梯度下黑河流域荒漠植物群落多样性特征.生态学报,37(14):4627-4635.
张雪妮,吕光辉,王庭权,等.2015.荒漠区垂直河岸带植物多样性格局及其成因.生态学报,35(18):1-11.
张雪妮,杨晓东,吕光辉.2016.水盐梯度下荒漠植物多样性格局及其与土壤环境的关系.生态学报,36(11):3206-3215.
赵鸣飞,康慕谊,刘全儒,等.2013.东江干流河岸带植物多样性分布规律及影响因素.资源科学,35(3):488-495.
赵清贺,马丽娇,刘倩,等.2015.黄河中下游典型河岸带植物物种多样性及其对环境的响应.生态学杂志,34(5):1325-1331.
赵清贺,徐珊珊,马丽娇,等.2017.北江干流河岸带不同植被类型植物物种多样性分析.水土保持研究,24(5):215-221.
Allan JD.2004.Landscapes and riverscapes:The influence of land use on stream ecosystems.Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,35:257-284.
Burton ML,Samuelson LJ,Pan S.2005.Riparian woody plant diversity and forest structure along an urban-rural gradient.Urban Ecosystems,8:93-106.
Celentano D,Rousseau GX,Engel VL,et al.2017.Degradation of riparian forest affects soil properties and ecosystem services provision in Eastern Amazon of Brazil.Land Degradation&Development,28:482-493.
Elliott KJ,Vose JM.2016.Effects of riparian zone buffer widths on vegetation diversity in southern Appalachian headwater catchments.Forest Ecology and Management,376:9-23.
Gageler R,Bonner M,Kirchhof G,et al.2014.Early response of soil properties and function to riparian rainforest restoration.PLoS ONE,9:e104198.
Geng Y,Wang D,Yang W.2017.Effects of different inundation periods on soil enzyme activity in riparian zones in Lijiang.Catena,149:19-27.
Hénault-Ethier L,Larocque M,Perron R,et al.2017.Hydrological heterogeneity in agricultural riparian buffer strips.Journal of Hydrology,546:276-288.
Isbell F,Calcagno V,Hector A,et al.2011.High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services.Nature,477:199-202.
Jansson R,Laudon H,Johansson E,et al.2007.The importance of groundwater discharge for plant species number in riparian zones.Ecology,88:131-139.
Kominoski JS,Shan JJF,Canhoto C,et al.2013.Forecasting functional implications of global changes in riparian plant communities.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,11:423-432.
Lite SJ,Bagstad KJ,Strmberg JC.2005.Riparian plant species richness along lateral and longitudinal gradients of water stress and flood disturbance,San Pedro River,Arizona,USA.Journal of Arid Environments,63:785-813.
Mehmood A,Shah AH,Shah AH,et al.2016.Deterended correspondence analysis of vegetation in district tor ghar,Westrn Himalaya.Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences,9:2222-3045.
Méndez-Toribio M,Zerbee?o-Hernández I,et al.2014.Effect of land use on the structure and diversity of riparian vegetation in the Duero river watershed in Michoacan,Mexico.Plant Ecology,215:1-12.
Naiman RJ,Décamps H.1997.The ecology of interfaces:Riparian zones.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28:621-658.
Pacific VJ,Mcglynn BL,Riveros-Iregui DA,et al.2015.Landscape structure,groundwater dynamics,and soil water content influence soil respiration across riparian-hillslope transitions in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest,Montana.Hydrological Processes,25:811-827.
Ren?f?lt BM,Nilsson C,Jansson R.2005.Spatial and temporal patterns of species richness in a riparian landscape.Journal of Biogeography,32:2025-2037.
Rutina LP,Moe SR.2014.Elephant(Loxodonta africana)disturbance to riparian woodland:Effects on tree-species richness,diversity and functional redundancy.Ecosystems,17:1384-1396.
Sabo JL,Sponseller R,Dixon M,et al.2005.Riparian zones increase regional species richness by harboring different,not more,species.Ecology,86:56-62.
Salins MJ,Casas JJ.2007.Riparian vegetation of two semi-arid Mediterranean rivers:Basin-scale responses of woody and herbaceous plants to environmental gradients.Wetlands,27:831-845.
Sandra D,Sandra L,Francesco DB,et al.2008.Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104:20684-20689.
Sgers CL,Lyon J.1997.Gradient analysis in a riparian landscape:Contrasts among forest layers.Forest Ecology and Management,96:13-26.
Tabacchi E,Planty-Tabacchi AM,Roques L,et al.2005.Seed inputs in riparian zones:Implications for plant invasion.River Research and Applications,21:299-313.
Tang Q,Bao Y,He X,et al.2014.Sedimentation and associated trace metal enrichment in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China.Science of the Total Environment,479:258-266.
Tornwall B,Sokol E,Skelton J,et al.2015.Trends in stream biodiversity research since the river continuum concept.Diversity,7:16-35.
Xu W,Chen G,Liu C,et al.2015.Latitudinal differences in species abundance distributions,rather than spatial aggregation,explain beta-diversity along latitudinal gradients.Global Ecology and Biogeography,24:1170-1180.