我国淡水中锌的水生生物水质基准和生态风险
|
摘要
选取了中国常见的5种本土生物物种作为受试物种进行锌的急慢性毒理学实验,并搜集整理了其他国内外已报道的锌对中国本土物种的毒性数据,推导出锌的淡水水生生物的短期和长期水质基准。结果表明:由物种敏感度分布法(SSD)推导出的短期基准和长期基准分别为102.33,25.03μg/L,由毒性百分数排序法推导出的基准最大浓度(CMC)和基准连续浓度(CCC)分别为105.94,38μg/L,两种方法得出的基准值无显著差异,最终选用物种敏感度分布法得出的基准作为我国淡水中锌的水生生物基准。另外,运用商值法对我国主要水体中锌的生态风险进行评价,发现锌对水生生物的生态风险逐年升高,尤其是铅锌矿区周围水体中锌的生态风险更应引起广泛关注。
Five Chinese native species were selected to conduct acute and chronic toxicological experiments of zinc. The toxicity data of zinc were combined with existing data reported by other researchers to derive Chinese water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organism. The results showed that the derived short-term and long-term water quality criteria for zinc using speices sensitivity distribution method were 102. 33,25. 03 μg/L,respectively. And the derived criteria maximum concentration( CMC) and criteria continuous concentration( CCC) using toxicity percentile rank method were 105. 94,38 μg/L,respectively. There was no significant difference of the criteria values using the two method. Finally,the criteria values derived by species sensitivity distribution method were thought to be the water quality criteria of zinc to freshwater organism. In addition,the ecological risk of zinc in freshwater was assessed using quotient value method. The results showed that the ecological risk of zinc to freshwater organisms was gradually increased and should arise wide concern,especially for the lead and zinc mining area around.
Five Chinese native species were selected to conduct acute and chronic toxicological experiments of zinc. The toxicity data of zinc were combined with existing data reported by other researchers to derive Chinese water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organism. The results showed that the derived short-term and long-term water quality criteria for zinc using speices sensitivity distribution method were 102. 33,25. 03 μg/L,respectively. And the derived criteria maximum concentration( CMC) and criteria continuous concentration( CCC) using toxicity percentile rank method were 105. 94,38 μg/L,respectively. There was no significant difference of the criteria values using the two method. Finally,the criteria values derived by species sensitivity distribution method were thought to be the water quality criteria of zinc to freshwater organism. In addition,the ecological risk of zinc in freshwater was assessed using quotient value method. The results showed that the ecological risk of zinc to freshwater organisms was gradually increased and should arise wide concern,especially for the lead and zinc mining area around.
引文
[1]常青,刘重业.环境中的锌(2):在各种介质中的含量[J].干旱环境监测,1989,3(2):54-61.
[2]Smirnova On.Study of zinc and cadmium chloride toxicity using human embryo fibroblast cultures[J].Gigiena Truda I Professionalnye Zabolevaniia,1990(7):49-50.
[3]Lindholmer C.Toxicity of zinc ions to human spermatozoa and the influence of albumin[J].Andrologia,1974,6(1):7-16.
[4]徐永江,柳学周,马爱军.重金属对鱼类毒性效应及其分子机理的研究概况[J].海洋科学,2004,28(10):67-70.
[5]United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).National Recommended Water Quality Criteria[R].Washington DC:Office of Water,Office of Science and Technology,2009.
[6]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment(CCME).Protocol for the Derivation of Water Quality Guidelines for the Projection of Aquatic Life[R].Manitoba:Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment,1999.
[7]European Chemical Bureau(ECB).Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment-PartⅡ[R].Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection,2003.
[8]Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council,Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.Australia and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality[R].Australia:Anzecc and Armcanz,2000.
[9]郭春桥,冯君从.锌市场分析及展望[J].中国有色金属,2013(2):44-45.
[10]Wu F C,Meng W,Zhao X L,et al.China embarking on development of its own national water quality criteria system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(21):7992-7993.
[11]吴丰昌,冯承莲,张瑞卿,等.我国典型污染物水质基准研究[J].中国科学,2012,42(5):665-672.
[12]国家环境保护总局.GB 3838—2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[13]国家环境保护总局.GB11607—89渔业水质标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989.
[14]冯承莲,吴丰昌,赵晓丽,等.水质基准研究与进展[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(5):657-664.
[15]Feng C L,Wu F C,Scott D,et al.Derivation of freshwater quality criteria for zinc using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,90:1177-1183.
[16]冯承莲,付卫强,Dyer Scott,等.种间关系预测(ICE)模型在水质基准研究中的应用[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):81-87.
[17]农业部农药检定所.经济合作与发展组织化学品测试准则[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[18]Standard B D.Standard guide for conducting acute toxicity tests on test materials with fishes,macro invertebrates,and amphibians[C]∥Book of ASTM Standards:Section 11 water and Environmental Technology,2010.
[19]吴丰昌,冯承莲,曹宇静,等.锌对淡水生物的毒性特征与水质基准的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):367-382.
[20]马燕,吴丰昌,谭伟强,等.影响银淡水生物水质基准的环境因素分析[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):235-244.
[21]汪云岗,钱谊.美国制定水质基准的方法概要[J].环境监测管理与技术,1998(1):23-25.
[22]吴丰昌.水质基准理论与方法学及其案例研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[23]Wheeler J R,Crista E P M,Leung K M Y,et al.Species sensitivity distributions:Data and model choice[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45(1):192-202.
[24]Mccauley D J,Brooke L T,Call D J,et al.Acute and chronic toxicity of aluminum to Ceriodaphniadubia at various of p H[D].Michigan:University of isconsin-Superior,1988.
[25]Patrick A V,Frederik A M,Peter A V,et al.Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of zinc in Dutch surface water[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(12):2993-3002.
[26]Stephen C E,Mount D I,Hansen D J,et al.Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Riteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses[R].Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Research and Development,1985.
[27]雷炳莉,黄圣彪,王子健.生态风险评价理论和方法[J].化学进展,2009,21(2/3):350-358.
[28]Newman M C,Ownby D R,Mézin L C A,et al.Applying speciessensitivity distributions in ecological risk assessment:Assumptions of distribution type and sufficient numbers of species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(2):508-515.
[29]Aldenberg T,Jaworska J S.Uncertainty of the hazardous concentration and fraction affected for normal species sensitivity distributions[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2000,46(1):1-18.
[30]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.Protocol for the Derivation of Water Quality Guidelines for the Projection of Aquatic Life[R].1999.
[31]Yang S W,Yan Z G,Xu F F,et al.Development of freshwater aquatic life criteria for Tetrabromobisphenol A in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,169(15):59-63.
[32]United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper-1987[R].Washington DC:Office of Water Regulations and Standards Criteria Division,1987.
[33]任丽敏,何江,吕昌伟.达里诺尔湖生物有效态重金属的形态分布及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):338-346.
[34]毛欣,陈旭,李长安,等.大冶市城市湖泊表层水体中重金属的分布特征及其来源[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(5):33-37.
[35]Fu Z Y,Wu F C,Chen L L,et al.Copper and zinc,but not other priority toxic metals,pose risks to native aquatic species in a large urban lake in Eastern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:1069-1076.
[2]Smirnova On.Study of zinc and cadmium chloride toxicity using human embryo fibroblast cultures[J].Gigiena Truda I Professionalnye Zabolevaniia,1990(7):49-50.
[3]Lindholmer C.Toxicity of zinc ions to human spermatozoa and the influence of albumin[J].Andrologia,1974,6(1):7-16.
[4]徐永江,柳学周,马爱军.重金属对鱼类毒性效应及其分子机理的研究概况[J].海洋科学,2004,28(10):67-70.
[5]United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).National Recommended Water Quality Criteria[R].Washington DC:Office of Water,Office of Science and Technology,2009.
[6]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment(CCME).Protocol for the Derivation of Water Quality Guidelines for the Projection of Aquatic Life[R].Manitoba:Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment,1999.
[7]European Chemical Bureau(ECB).Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment-PartⅡ[R].Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection,2003.
[8]Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council,Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.Australia and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality[R].Australia:Anzecc and Armcanz,2000.
[9]郭春桥,冯君从.锌市场分析及展望[J].中国有色金属,2013(2):44-45.
[10]Wu F C,Meng W,Zhao X L,et al.China embarking on development of its own national water quality criteria system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(21):7992-7993.
[11]吴丰昌,冯承莲,张瑞卿,等.我国典型污染物水质基准研究[J].中国科学,2012,42(5):665-672.
[12]国家环境保护总局.GB 3838—2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[13]国家环境保护总局.GB11607—89渔业水质标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989.
[14]冯承莲,吴丰昌,赵晓丽,等.水质基准研究与进展[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(5):657-664.
[15]Feng C L,Wu F C,Scott D,et al.Derivation of freshwater quality criteria for zinc using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,90:1177-1183.
[16]冯承莲,付卫强,Dyer Scott,等.种间关系预测(ICE)模型在水质基准研究中的应用[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):81-87.
[17]农业部农药检定所.经济合作与发展组织化学品测试准则[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[18]Standard B D.Standard guide for conducting acute toxicity tests on test materials with fishes,macro invertebrates,and amphibians[C]∥Book of ASTM Standards:Section 11 water and Environmental Technology,2010.
[19]吴丰昌,冯承莲,曹宇静,等.锌对淡水生物的毒性特征与水质基准的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):367-382.
[20]马燕,吴丰昌,谭伟强,等.影响银淡水生物水质基准的环境因素分析[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):235-244.
[21]汪云岗,钱谊.美国制定水质基准的方法概要[J].环境监测管理与技术,1998(1):23-25.
[22]吴丰昌.水质基准理论与方法学及其案例研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[23]Wheeler J R,Crista E P M,Leung K M Y,et al.Species sensitivity distributions:Data and model choice[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45(1):192-202.
[24]Mccauley D J,Brooke L T,Call D J,et al.Acute and chronic toxicity of aluminum to Ceriodaphniadubia at various of p H[D].Michigan:University of isconsin-Superior,1988.
[25]Patrick A V,Frederik A M,Peter A V,et al.Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of zinc in Dutch surface water[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(12):2993-3002.
[26]Stephen C E,Mount D I,Hansen D J,et al.Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Riteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses[R].Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Research and Development,1985.
[27]雷炳莉,黄圣彪,王子健.生态风险评价理论和方法[J].化学进展,2009,21(2/3):350-358.
[28]Newman M C,Ownby D R,Mézin L C A,et al.Applying speciessensitivity distributions in ecological risk assessment:Assumptions of distribution type and sufficient numbers of species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(2):508-515.
[29]Aldenberg T,Jaworska J S.Uncertainty of the hazardous concentration and fraction affected for normal species sensitivity distributions[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2000,46(1):1-18.
[30]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.Protocol for the Derivation of Water Quality Guidelines for the Projection of Aquatic Life[R].1999.
[31]Yang S W,Yan Z G,Xu F F,et al.Development of freshwater aquatic life criteria for Tetrabromobisphenol A in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,169(15):59-63.
[32]United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper-1987[R].Washington DC:Office of Water Regulations and Standards Criteria Division,1987.
[33]任丽敏,何江,吕昌伟.达里诺尔湖生物有效态重金属的形态分布及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):338-346.
[34]毛欣,陈旭,李长安,等.大冶市城市湖泊表层水体中重金属的分布特征及其来源[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(5):33-37.
[35]Fu Z Y,Wu F C,Chen L L,et al.Copper and zinc,but not other priority toxic metals,pose risks to native aquatic species in a large urban lake in Eastern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:1069-1076.