The environmental implication of diatom fossils in the surface sediment of the Changjiang River estuary(CRE) and its adjacent area
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摘要
In order to depict the distribution of diatom fossils in surface sediments and to establish a reliable reference data for further paleoenvironmental study in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary and its adjacent waters, the diatom fossils from 34 surface sediment samples and their relationship with environmental variables were analyzed by principal component analysis and redundancy correspondence analysis. The diversity and abundance of diatom fossils were analyzed. Some annual average parameters of the overlying water(salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen,dissolved inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic silicate) were measured at each sampling site. A total of 113 diatom taxa and one silicoflagellate species were identified in the investigation area. Diatom fossils were better preserved in fine sediments. The absolute abundance of diatom fossils did not significantly dif fer between inshore and of fshore areas, the species diversity decreased from inshore to of fshore. This may be because high nutrients and low salinity promoted the growth of more brackish species in coastal waters. The diatom taxa were divided into three groups, on the basis of their response and indication to environmental changes. For example, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii and Cyclotella stylorum were dominant in coastal waters(Group 1 and Group 3) with high nutrients and low salinity; the relative abundances of Paralia sulcata and Podosira stelliger were significantly higher in of fshore sites(Group 2, average 39.5%),which were characterized by high salinity and deep water. Four environmental variables(salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, temperature and water depth) explained the composition and distribution of diatom taxa independently( P< 0.05), this finding can be applied in further paleoenvironmental reconstruction research in this area.
In order to depict the distribution of diatom fossils in surface sediments and to establish a reliable reference data for further paleoenvironmental study in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary and its adjacent waters, the diatom fossils from 34 surface sediment samples and their relationship with environmental variables were analyzed by principal component analysis and redundancy correspondence analysis. The diversity and abundance of diatom fossils were analyzed. Some annual average parameters of the overlying water(salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen,dissolved inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic silicate) were measured at each sampling site. A total of 113 diatom taxa and one silicoflagellate species were identified in the investigation area. Diatom fossils were better preserved in fine sediments. The absolute abundance of diatom fossils did not significantly dif fer between inshore and of fshore areas, the species diversity decreased from inshore to of fshore. This may be because high nutrients and low salinity promoted the growth of more brackish species in coastal waters. The diatom taxa were divided into three groups, on the basis of their response and indication to environmental changes. For example, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii and Cyclotella stylorum were dominant in coastal waters(Group 1 and Group 3) with high nutrients and low salinity; the relative abundances of Paralia sulcata and Podosira stelliger were significantly higher in of fshore sites(Group 2, average 39.5%),which were characterized by high salinity and deep water. Four environmental variables(salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, temperature and water depth) explained the composition and distribution of diatom taxa independently( P< 0.05), this finding can be applied in further paleoenvironmental reconstruction research in this area.
In order to depict the distribution of diatom fossils in surface sediments and to establish a reliable reference data for further paleoenvironmental study in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary and its adjacent waters, the diatom fossils from 34 surface sediment samples and their relationship with environmental variables were analyzed by principal component analysis and redundancy correspondence analysis. The diversity and abundance of diatom fossils were analyzed. Some annual average parameters of the overlying water(salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen,dissolved inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic silicate) were measured at each sampling site. A total of 113 diatom taxa and one silicoflagellate species were identified in the investigation area. Diatom fossils were better preserved in fine sediments. The absolute abundance of diatom fossils did not significantly dif fer between inshore and of fshore areas, the species diversity decreased from inshore to of fshore. This may be because high nutrients and low salinity promoted the growth of more brackish species in coastal waters. The diatom taxa were divided into three groups, on the basis of their response and indication to environmental changes. For example, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii and Cyclotella stylorum were dominant in coastal waters(Group 1 and Group 3) with high nutrients and low salinity; the relative abundances of Paralia sulcata and Podosira stelliger were significantly higher in of fshore sites(Group 2, average 39.5%),which were characterized by high salinity and deep water. Four environmental variables(salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, temperature and water depth) explained the composition and distribution of diatom taxa independently( P< 0.05), this finding can be applied in further paleoenvironmental reconstruction research in this area.
引文
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Di B P,Liu D Y,Wang Y J,Dong Z J,Li X,Shi Y J.2013.Diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages in modern surface sediments associated with human activity:a case study in Sishili Bay,China.Ecol.Indic.,24:23-30.
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Dura T,Hemphill-Haley E,Sawai Y,Horton B P.2016.The application of diatoms to reconstruct the history of subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis.Earth-Sci.Rev.,152:181-197.
Gao X L,Song J M.2005.Phytoplankton distributions and their relationship with the environment in the Changjiang estuary,China.Mar.Pollut.Bull.,50(3):327-335.
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Hassan G S,Espinosa M A,Isla F I.2008.Fidelity of dead diatom assemblages in estuarine sediments:how much environmental information is preserved?PALAIOS,23(1-2):112-120.
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Huh C A,Su C C.1999.Sedimentation dynamics in the East China Sea elucidated from 210 Pb,137 Cs and 239,240 Pu.Mar.Geol.,160(1-2):183-196.
Jiang Z B,Chen J F,Zhou F,Shou L,Chen Q Z,Tao B Y,Yan X J,Wang K.2015.Controlling factors of summer phytoplankton community in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf.Cont.Shelf.Res.,101:71-84.
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Lep?J,?milauer P.2003.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO.Cambridge University Press,New York.193p.
Li G,Gao K S.2014.Ef fects of solar UV radiation on photosynthetic performance of the diatom Skeletonema costatum grown under nitrate limited condition.ALGAE,29(1):27-34.
Li H M,Tang H J,Shi X Y,Zhang C S,Wang X L.2014.Increased nutrient loads from the Changjiang(Yangtze)River have led to increased harmful algal blooms.Harmful Algae,39:92-101.
Li L,Shen X,Jiang M.2017.Change characteristics of DSi and nutrition structure at the Yangtze River estuary after Three Gorges Project impounding and their ecological ef fect.Arch.Environ.Prot.,43(2):74-79.
Lin F Z,Wu Y L,Yu H C,Xian W W.2008.Phytoplankton community structure in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters in 2004.Oceanol.Limnol.Sin,39(4):401-410.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu D Y,Liu L X,Di B P,Wang Y J,Wang Y N.2015a.Paleoenvironmental analyses of surface sediments from the Bohai Sea,China,using diatoms and silicoflagellates.Mar.Micropaleontol.,114:46-54.
Liu D Y,Sun J,Zhang J,Liu G S.2008.Response of the diatomflora in Jiaozhou Bay,China to environmental changes during the last century.Mar.Micropaleontol.,66(3-4):279-290.
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