施氮量对鲜食型甘薯根系生长与干物质积累分配的影响
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摘要
在盆栽条件下,以济薯26和龙薯9号为供试品种,每个品种设置施氮量为0(N0)、100(N1)、200(N2)mg/kg 3个处理,研究施氮量对鲜食型甘薯根系生长与干物质积累分配的影响。结果表明,栽后10、25 d和40 d,与N0和N2处理相比,N1处理有利于两品种保持较高的根系长度、根系表面积、根系平均直径和根系总体积;有利于提高两品种栽后10 d直径≤2 mm、栽后25 d直径为>2~≤5 mm和栽后40 d直径为>5~≤20 mm和>20 mm的根系体积,促进生长前期纤维根生长及根系增粗分化为块根。随施氮量增加,两品种地上部鲜重显著提高,地上部分配比例与地上部鲜重变化趋势基本一致,N1处理有利于提高两品种块根干物质积累与分配比例,保持较高的块根鲜重和干重。施氮量为100 mg/kg是本试验条件下的适宜施氮量。
To examine the effects of different nitrogen(N) application rates on root growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution in fresh edible sweet potato,three N levels including 0(N0),100 mg/kg(N1) and 200 mg/kg(N2) were set in the pot experiments with Jishu 26(J26) and Longshu 9(L9) cultivars as materials.The results showed that the root length,surface area,average diameter and total volume of the two varieties in N1 were higher than those in N0 and N2 on the 10 th,25 th and 40 th days after planting.The volume of roots with the diameter ≤2 mm on the 10th day,>2~≤5 mm on the 25th day,and >5 ~≤20 mm and>20 mm on the 40 th day could be increased by N1,thereby facilitating the fibrous root growth and inducing the thickening and differentiation of roots into tuberous roots in the early growth periods.As the N application rate increased,the aboveground fresh weight of the two varieties increased significantly,and the variation of the aboveground distribution proportion was similar to that of the aboveground fresh weight.The N1 treatment was benefit to increasing the accumulation and distribution proportion of root dry matter of the two varieties,and maintaining higher root fresh and dry weight.Under the conditions of this experiment,100 mg/kg was the optimal N application rate.
To examine the effects of different nitrogen(N) application rates on root growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution in fresh edible sweet potato,three N levels including 0(N0),100 mg/kg(N1) and 200 mg/kg(N2) were set in the pot experiments with Jishu 26(J26) and Longshu 9(L9) cultivars as materials.The results showed that the root length,surface area,average diameter and total volume of the two varieties in N1 were higher than those in N0 and N2 on the 10 th,25 th and 40 th days after planting.The volume of roots with the diameter ≤2 mm on the 10th day,>2~≤5 mm on the 25th day,and >5 ~≤20 mm and>20 mm on the 40 th day could be increased by N1,thereby facilitating the fibrous root growth and inducing the thickening and differentiation of roots into tuberous roots in the early growth periods.As the N application rate increased,the aboveground fresh weight of the two varieties increased significantly,and the variation of the aboveground distribution proportion was similar to that of the aboveground fresh weight.The N1 treatment was benefit to increasing the accumulation and distribution proportion of root dry matter of the two varieties,and maintaining higher root fresh and dry weight.Under the conditions of this experiment,100 mg/kg was the optimal N application rate.
引文
[1]刘庆昌.甘薯在我国粮食和能源安全中的重要作用[C]//中国粮食安全战略——第九十次中国科协青年科学家论坛文集.中国作物学会,2004:162-164.
[2]Woolfe J A.Sweet potato:an untapped food resource[R].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[3]马代夫.我国甘薯产业发展若干问题的思考[J].农业工程技术(农产品加工业),2013(11):21-24.
[4]王冬梅,王建玲,孙妮娜,等.紫甘薯的营养成分及开发利用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(20):6762-6763.
[5]李晓青,张晓申,王慧瑜,等.施氮量对甘薯苏薯8号产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2014(12):69-70.
[6]Kim S H,Mizuno K,Sawada S,et al.Regulation of tuber formation and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)in sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)by nitrate[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2002,37(3):207-213.
[7]巨晓棠,张福锁.关于氮肥利用率的思考[J].生态环境,2003(2):192-197.
[8]Baligar V C,Fageria N K,He Z L.Nutrient use efficiency in plants[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2001,32(7/8):921-950.
[9]宁运旺,马洪波,张辉,等.氮、磷、钾对甘薯生长前期根系形态和植株内源激素含量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(6):1326-1332.
[10]平文超,张永江,刘连涛,等.棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):183-190.
[11]邱喜阳,王晨阳,王彦丽,等.施氮量对冬小麦根系生长分布及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(1):53-58.
[12]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[13]史正军,樊小林.水稻根系生长及根构型对氮素供应的适应性变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(6):1-6.
[14]林文,李义珍,郑景生,等.施氮量及施肥法对水稻根系形态发育和地上部生长的影响[J].福建稻麦科技,1999(3):21-24.
[15]Zhang H,Jennings A,Barlow P W,et al.Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(11):6529-6534.
[16]高璐阳,房增国.不同施氮水平对甘薯生长前期根系生物学特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):122-125.
[17]汪顺义,李欢,刘庆,等.氮钾互作对甘薯根系发育及碳氮代谢酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):167-173.
[18]宁运旺,马洪波,张辉,等.甘薯源库关系建立、发展和平衡对氮肥用量的响应[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):432-439.
[19]陈晓光,丁艳锋,唐忠厚,等.氮肥施用量对甘薯产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):979-986.
[20]孙泽强,董晓霞,王学君,等.施氮量对多用型甘薯济薯21产量和养分吸收的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(11):70-73.
[21]宁运旺,曹炳阁,马洪波,等.氮肥用量对滨海滩涂区甘薯干物质积累、氮素效率和钾钠吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):982-987.
[22]Walker D W,Poche K J,Poche E M.Cultivar differences for nitrogen uptake and dry matter partitioning in hydroponicallygrown sweet potato[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,1989,20(5/6):567-580.
[2]Woolfe J A.Sweet potato:an untapped food resource[R].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[3]马代夫.我国甘薯产业发展若干问题的思考[J].农业工程技术(农产品加工业),2013(11):21-24.
[4]王冬梅,王建玲,孙妮娜,等.紫甘薯的营养成分及开发利用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(20):6762-6763.
[5]李晓青,张晓申,王慧瑜,等.施氮量对甘薯苏薯8号产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2014(12):69-70.
[6]Kim S H,Mizuno K,Sawada S,et al.Regulation of tuber formation and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)in sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)by nitrate[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2002,37(3):207-213.
[7]巨晓棠,张福锁.关于氮肥利用率的思考[J].生态环境,2003(2):192-197.
[8]Baligar V C,Fageria N K,He Z L.Nutrient use efficiency in plants[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2001,32(7/8):921-950.
[9]宁运旺,马洪波,张辉,等.氮、磷、钾对甘薯生长前期根系形态和植株内源激素含量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(6):1326-1332.
[10]平文超,张永江,刘连涛,等.棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):183-190.
[11]邱喜阳,王晨阳,王彦丽,等.施氮量对冬小麦根系生长分布及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(1):53-58.
[12]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[13]史正军,樊小林.水稻根系生长及根构型对氮素供应的适应性变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(6):1-6.
[14]林文,李义珍,郑景生,等.施氮量及施肥法对水稻根系形态发育和地上部生长的影响[J].福建稻麦科技,1999(3):21-24.
[15]Zhang H,Jennings A,Barlow P W,et al.Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(11):6529-6534.
[16]高璐阳,房增国.不同施氮水平对甘薯生长前期根系生物学特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):122-125.
[17]汪顺义,李欢,刘庆,等.氮钾互作对甘薯根系发育及碳氮代谢酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):167-173.
[18]宁运旺,马洪波,张辉,等.甘薯源库关系建立、发展和平衡对氮肥用量的响应[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):432-439.
[19]陈晓光,丁艳锋,唐忠厚,等.氮肥施用量对甘薯产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):979-986.
[20]孙泽强,董晓霞,王学君,等.施氮量对多用型甘薯济薯21产量和养分吸收的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(11):70-73.
[21]宁运旺,曹炳阁,马洪波,等.氮肥用量对滨海滩涂区甘薯干物质积累、氮素效率和钾钠吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):982-987.
[22]Walker D W,Poche K J,Poche E M.Cultivar differences for nitrogen uptake and dry matter partitioning in hydroponicallygrown sweet potato[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,1989,20(5/6):567-580.