致密油储层边界层影响因素及渗透率下限实验
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摘要
致密油储层渗透率极低,孔喉结构复杂,半径较小,边界层的存在都会进一步增大渗流阻力,对储层渗流影响较大。为了研究致密储层边界层的影响因素,首次采用N2驱替的实验方法,分析了压力梯度、孔喉半径和渗透率与边界层的关系。研究结果表明:随着压力梯度和渗透率的增大,边界层厚度和边界层厚度占用率均呈幂率递减,对储层渗流影响也逐渐减弱;随着孔喉半径的减小,边界层厚度先增后减,存在一个极大值,但随着边界层厚度占用率逐渐增大,对储层渗流影响也逐渐增强;通过拟合,得到不同压力梯度下的渗透率下限值及经验公式,压力梯度越大,渗透率下限值越低。通过该研究,加深了对致密性储层边界层影响因素和渗透率下限的认识,为改善边界层对致密储层渗流影响、确定合理的生产压差提供了理论依据。
The permeability of the tight oil reservoir is extremely low,the structures of the pore and throat are complex and moreover their radii are rather small,and further more the existence of the boundary layer will further increase the seepage resistance and have a great influence on the reservoir seepage. In order to study the influencing factors of the boundary layer of the tight reservoirs,the testing method with the help of N_2 flooding,the relationships between the pressure gradient,the pore and throat radii and the permeability and the boundary layer were by analyzed. The study achievements show that with the increases of the pressure gradient and the permeability,the thickness of the boundary layer and its occupancy rate decline in the form of the power law,the influence on the reservoir seepage weakens gradually. With the decrease of the pore and throat radii,the thickness of the boundary layer increases first and then decreases,and furthermore there is the maximum value of the thickness,however when the thickness occupancy rate of the boundary layer is gradually increased,the influence on the reservoir seepage is also enhanced gradually; the permeability lower limit and the empirical formula were obtained by the fittingunder different pressure gradients,the greater the pressure gradient is,the lower the permeability lower limit will be. Based on the above researches,for the tight reservoir,the deep understandings have been achieved for the influencing factors of the boundary layer and the permeability lower limit,which have provided the theoretical basis for improving the influence of the boundary layer on the tight reservoir seepage and determining the reasonable production pressure differential.
The permeability of the tight oil reservoir is extremely low,the structures of the pore and throat are complex and moreover their radii are rather small,and further more the existence of the boundary layer will further increase the seepage resistance and have a great influence on the reservoir seepage. In order to study the influencing factors of the boundary layer of the tight reservoirs,the testing method with the help of N_2 flooding,the relationships between the pressure gradient,the pore and throat radii and the permeability and the boundary layer were by analyzed. The study achievements show that with the increases of the pressure gradient and the permeability,the thickness of the boundary layer and its occupancy rate decline in the form of the power law,the influence on the reservoir seepage weakens gradually. With the decrease of the pore and throat radii,the thickness of the boundary layer increases first and then decreases,and furthermore there is the maximum value of the thickness,however when the thickness occupancy rate of the boundary layer is gradually increased,the influence on the reservoir seepage is also enhanced gradually; the permeability lower limit and the empirical formula were obtained by the fittingunder different pressure gradients,the greater the pressure gradient is,the lower the permeability lower limit will be. Based on the above researches,for the tight reservoir,the deep understandings have been achieved for the influencing factors of the boundary layer and the permeability lower limit,which have provided the theoretical basis for improving the influence of the boundary layer on the tight reservoir seepage and determining the reasonable production pressure differential.
引文
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[13]梁淑贤,高建,周体尧,等.吉林红岗北致密油特征、成因及开采技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(2):165-169.
[14]王瑞.致密油藏水平井体积压裂效果影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):126-128.
[15]王香增,任来义,贺永红,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油的定义[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(1):1-7.
[16]金成志.松辽盆地北部陆相非均质致密油整体勘探开发“2+3”模式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):9-15.
[17]贾培锋,杨正明,肖前华,等.致密油藏储层综合评价新方法[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(4):33-36.
[18]刘世瑞,李杨,张子明.雷家地区沙四段致密油储层改造因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):58-61.
[19]胡若菡,赵金洲,蒲谢洋,等.致密油藏缝网压裂模式的渗透率界限[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(5):166-169.
[20]刘雄,王磊,王方,等.致密油藏水平井体积压裂产能影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(2):85-88.
[21]李超,赵志红,郭建春,等.致密油储层支撑剂嵌入导流能力伤害实验分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(4):122-126.
[22]王晓莲,郑建东,章华兵,等.长垣南地区扶余致密油层物性下限确定及分类[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(6):148-153.
[23]史晓东.非均质致密油储层水平井体积压裂产能预测[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):90-93.
[24]燕继成.齐家-古龙地区高台子致密油层物性下限确定方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(1):131-135.
[25]付丽,梁江平,白雪峰,等.松辽盆地北部扶余油层致密油资源评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):168-174.
[2]刘卫东,刘吉,孙灵辉,等.流体边界层对低渗透油藏渗流特征的影响[J].科技导报,2011,29(22):42-44.
[3]Mara G M,Li Dongqing.Flow characteristics of water in microtubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1999,20(2):142-148.
[4]Dwyer-Joyce R S,Harper P,Drink-water B W.A method for the measurement of hydrodynamic oil films using ultrasonic reflection[J].Tribology Letters,2004,17(2):337-348.
[5]Wensink E J W,Hoffmann S C,Apol M E F,et al.Properties of adsorbed water layers and the effect of adsorbed layers on interparticle forces by liquid bridging[J].Langmuir,2000,16(19):7329-7400.
[6]徐绍良,岳湘安,侯吉瑞,等.边界层流体对低渗透油藏渗流特性的影响[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2):26-28.
[7]张磊,陈丽云,李振东,等.低渗透油藏边界层厚度测定新方法[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(3):99-101.
[8]田虓丰,程林松,曹仁义,等.致密油藏微纳米喉道中的边界层特征[J].计算物理,2016,33(6):717-725.
[9]王勇,刘建波,王文权,等.利用水膜厚度确定低渗透砂岩储层孔隙度下限[J].石油化工应用,2012,31(6):13-16.
[10]李治平,李智锋.页岩气纳米级孔隙渗流动态特征[J].天然气工业,2012,32(4):50-53,123.
[11]俞杨烽,康毅力,游利军,等.特低渗透油层边界层—双电层微流调控研究进展[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,(6):85-89.
[12]刘德新,岳湘安,侯吉瑞.孔隙介质中边界流体动态特性实验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):58-61.
[13]梁淑贤,高建,周体尧,等.吉林红岗北致密油特征、成因及开采技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(2):165-169.
[14]王瑞.致密油藏水平井体积压裂效果影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):126-128.
[15]王香增,任来义,贺永红,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油的定义[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(1):1-7.
[16]金成志.松辽盆地北部陆相非均质致密油整体勘探开发“2+3”模式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):9-15.
[17]贾培锋,杨正明,肖前华,等.致密油藏储层综合评价新方法[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(4):33-36.
[18]刘世瑞,李杨,张子明.雷家地区沙四段致密油储层改造因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):58-61.
[19]胡若菡,赵金洲,蒲谢洋,等.致密油藏缝网压裂模式的渗透率界限[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(5):166-169.
[20]刘雄,王磊,王方,等.致密油藏水平井体积压裂产能影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(2):85-88.
[21]李超,赵志红,郭建春,等.致密油储层支撑剂嵌入导流能力伤害实验分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(4):122-126.
[22]王晓莲,郑建东,章华兵,等.长垣南地区扶余致密油层物性下限确定及分类[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(6):148-153.
[23]史晓东.非均质致密油储层水平井体积压裂产能预测[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):90-93.
[24]燕继成.齐家-古龙地区高台子致密油层物性下限确定方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(1):131-135.
[25]付丽,梁江平,白雪峰,等.松辽盆地北部扶余油层致密油资源评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):168-174.