塔里木盆地超深致密砂岩气藏储层流体敏感性评价
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摘要
明确储层流体敏感性及其评价方法对优选入井工作液体系和性能至关重要。超深致密砂岩气藏储层流体敏感性受矿物组成、孔喉特征及高温流体环境等因素的影响,目前行业常用的评价方法已不再适用。以塔里木盆地超深致密砂岩气藏为研究对象,提出了改进的稳态流体敏感性实验评价方法,包括实验全过程模拟地层温度、出口端预加高回压等,并选取12块具有代表性的超深致密砂岩基块样品开展了水敏、盐敏和碱敏实验评价。结果表明:储层基块水敏指数0.41~0.52,盐敏指数0.72~0.73,碱敏指数0.83~0.92。数据对比显示本方法获得的流体敏感性损害程度强于以往室温条件下获得的评价结果,与矿场数据契合度更高。分析认为改进的评价方法能更好地反映储层实际情况,降低实验误差;细微孔喉及发育的粘土矿物是产生流体敏感性的内因;高温条件增大矿物表面水膜厚度、降低有效渗流通道半径,加剧粘土矿物水化膨胀、促进地层微粒分散/运移,加速矿物溶解/沉淀是加剧超深致密砂岩储层流体敏感程度的主要机制。
It is critical to understand the fluid sensitivity of reservoir and its corresponding evaluation method to optimize the selection of working fluids in the wells and their properties.The fluid sensitivity,which is influenced by mineral composition,pore throat characteristics,high-temperature fluid environment,etc,refers to damage of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs.So the conventional evaluation methods in the industry seem to be not applicable any more.The ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs located in Tarim Basin are taken as the objects in this paper,and a modified fluid sensitivity evaluation method is proposed,which requires the simulation of the formation temperature and maintaining high back pressure on the outlet throughout the experiments. Twelve typical ultra-deep tight sandstone base blocks are chosen to carry out water,salt and alkali sensitivity experiments.The results show that the index of water,salt and alkali sensitivity is 0.41-0.52,0.72-0.73 and 0.83-0.92,respectively.By comparison,the degree of damage derived through this method,which maches well with the field measured data,is higher than that obtained at the room temperature experiments in the past.After analysis the paper indicates that( 1) the modified evaluation method could reflect the actual condition of reservoirs and also reduce experimental errors,( 2) the narrow pore throat and abundant clay minerals are the fundamental causes of fluid sensitivity,( 3) the major mechanisms for increased fluid sensitivity for ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs,can be summarized as follows: in higher temperature,the thickness of the water film on mineral surface increases,reducing the effective pore throats' radius,and the intensified clay hydration and swelling accelerate the expansion/migration of formation particles and the dissolution/deposition of minerals.
It is critical to understand the fluid sensitivity of reservoir and its corresponding evaluation method to optimize the selection of working fluids in the wells and their properties.The fluid sensitivity,which is influenced by mineral composition,pore throat characteristics,high-temperature fluid environment,etc,refers to damage of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs.So the conventional evaluation methods in the industry seem to be not applicable any more.The ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs located in Tarim Basin are taken as the objects in this paper,and a modified fluid sensitivity evaluation method is proposed,which requires the simulation of the formation temperature and maintaining high back pressure on the outlet throughout the experiments. Twelve typical ultra-deep tight sandstone base blocks are chosen to carry out water,salt and alkali sensitivity experiments.The results show that the index of water,salt and alkali sensitivity is 0.41-0.52,0.72-0.73 and 0.83-0.92,respectively.By comparison,the degree of damage derived through this method,which maches well with the field measured data,is higher than that obtained at the room temperature experiments in the past.After analysis the paper indicates that( 1) the modified evaluation method could reflect the actual condition of reservoirs and also reduce experimental errors,( 2) the narrow pore throat and abundant clay minerals are the fundamental causes of fluid sensitivity,( 3) the major mechanisms for increased fluid sensitivity for ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs,can be summarized as follows: in higher temperature,the thickness of the water film on mineral surface increases,reducing the effective pore throats' radius,and the intensified clay hydration and swelling accelerate the expansion/migration of formation particles and the dissolution/deposition of minerals.
引文
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[20]袁学芳,王茜,唐洪明,等.致密砂岩储层流体敏感性评价方法-以塔里木盆地克拉苏气田克9井区K1b S组为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(12):59-66.Yuan Xuefang,Wang Xi,Tang Hongming,et al.An improved fluid sensitivity evaluation method for tight sandstone gas reservoirs:A case study of K1bs in Well Keshen 9 of the Kelasu Gas field,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(12):59-66.
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[2]李易霖,张云峰,尹淑丽,等.致密砂岩储集空间多尺度表征—以松辽盆地齐家地区高台子油层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):915-922.Li Yilin,Zhang Yunfeng,Yin Shuli,et al.Characterization of the pore space in tight sandstone reservoirs from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives:A case study of Gaotaizi reservoir in Qijia area,the Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):915-922.
[3]王峥嵘,邓辉,黄润秋.川西凹陷新场气田须家河组二段砂岩岩体破裂特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):80-86.Wang Zhengrong,Deng Hui,Huang Runqiu,Fracture characteristics of sandstone in the 2nd member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang gas field,Western Sichuan Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):80-86.
[4]王俊鹏,张惠良,张荣虎,等.裂缝发育对超深层致密砂岩储层的改造作用—以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深气田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(1):77-88.Wang Junpeng,Zhang Huiliang,Zhang Ronghu,et al.Enhancement of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir quality by fractures:A case study of Keshen gas field in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(1):77-88.
[5]康毅力,张杜杰,游利军,等.裂缝性致密储层工作液损害机理及防治方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(3):77-84.Kang Yili,Zhang Dujie,You Lijun,et al.Mechanism and control methods of the working fluid damages in fractured tight reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2015,37(3):77-84.
[6]陈奎,任广磊,杨文娟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田盒1段储层应力敏感性及对水平井开发的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):267-271.Chen Kui,Ren Guanglei,Yang Wenjuan,et al.Stress sensitivity of the1stMember of Xiashihezi Formation and its influences on horizontal well development of Daniudi gas field,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):267-271.
[7]Elkewidy T I.Evaluation of formation damage/remediation potential of tight reservoirs[C]∥SPE165093-MS present at the SPE European Formation Damage Conference&Exhibition.The Netherlands:SPE,2013.
[8]Qutob H,Byrne M,Senergy L R.Formation damage in tight gas reservoirs[C]∥SPE174237-MS present at the SPE European Formation Damage Conference and Exhibition.Hungary:SPE,2015.
[9]Saboorian-Jooybari H,Pourafshary P.Potential severity of phase trapping in petroleum reservoirs:An analytical approach to prediction[J],SPE Journal,2017,22(3):863-874.
[10]张浩,康毅力,李前贵,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部致密砂岩气层粘土微结构与流体敏感性[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,22(6):22-25.Zhang Hao,Kang Yili,Li Qiangui,et al.Clay microstructure and fluid sensitivity of fine gas sands in the north of Ordos basin[J].Driuing Fluid&Completion Fluid,2006,22(6):22-25.
[11]廖纪佳,唐洪明,朱筱敏,等.特低渗透砂岩储层水敏实验及损害机理研究—以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组第8油层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(2):321-328.Liao Jijia,Tang Hongming,Zhu Xiaomin,et al.Water sensitivity experiment and damage mechanism of sandstone reservoirs with ultralow permeability:a case study of the eighth oil layer in the Yanchang Formation of Xifeng oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(2):321-328.
[12]宫清顺,寿建峰,姜忠朋,等.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田三叠系百口泉组储层敏感性评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(2):307-314.Gong Qingshun,Shou Jianfeng,Jian Zhongpeng,et al.Reservoir sensitivity evaluation of the Triassic Baikouquan Formationin Wuerhe oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(2):307-314.
[13]Kang Y,Xu C,You L,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of formation damage induced by working fluid loss in fractured tight gas reservoir[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2014,18:353-359.
[14]孙龙德,邹才能,朱如凯,等.中国深层油气形成、分布于潜力分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):641-649.Sun Longde,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation,distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):641-649.
[15]康毅力,张晓磊,游利军,等.压力衰减法在大牛地致密储层流体敏感性评价中的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(6):81-84.Kang Yili,Zhang Xiaolei,You Lijun,et al.A new method to evaluate fluid sensitivity of tight reservoir:pressure decay analysis[J].Drilling Fluids&Completion Fluid,2013,30(6):81-84.
[16]任茂,苏俊霖,欧彪,等.压力衰减法在评价储层流体敏感性中的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(3):41-42.Ren Mao,Su Junlin,Ou Biao,et al.Application on pressure attenuation method in evaluation of reservoir sensitivity[J].Drilling Fluids&Completion Fluid,2013,30(3):41-42.
[17]朱斌,罗曼莉,张建国,等.SY/T 5358—2002储层敏感性流动实验评价方法[S]∥国家经济贸易委员会.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:1-2.Zhu Bin,Luo Manli,Zhang Jianguo,et al.SY/T 5385—2002 formation damage evaluation by flow test[S]∥State Economic and Trade Commission.The Oil and Gas Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China.Beijing:Petroleam Industry Press,2002:1-2.
[18]张昌铎,康毅力,游利军,等.深层高温裂缝性致密砂岩气藏流体敏感性实验研究[J].钻采工艺,2010,33(4):83-86.Zhang Changduo,Kang Yili,You Lijun,et al.Experimental research on fluid sensitivity of fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir with deep buried and high temperature[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2010,33(4):83-86.
[19]游利军,康毅力,杜新龙,等.一种确定致密岩心损害的方法:200910058286.8[P].2012-06-20.You Lijun,Kang Yili,Du Xinlong,et al.A method to determine the damage of tight cores:200910058286.8[P].2012-06-20.
[20]袁学芳,王茜,唐洪明,等.致密砂岩储层流体敏感性评价方法-以塔里木盆地克拉苏气田克9井区K1b S组为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(12):59-66.Yuan Xuefang,Wang Xi,Tang Hongming,et al.An improved fluid sensitivity evaluation method for tight sandstone gas reservoirs:A case study of K1bs in Well Keshen 9 of the Kelasu Gas field,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(12):59-66.
[21]Zhu J,Li L,Li L,et al.Application of UDM-2 drilling fluid technology in the development of upper-deep oil and gas resources in Tarim Basin[C]∥SPE Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition.Australia:2015.
[22]You L,Xue K,Kang Y,et al.Pore structure and limit pressure of gas slippage effect in tight sandstone[J].The Scientific World Journal,2013,2013(5):572140.
[23]Christanti Y,Ferrara G,Ritz T,et al.A new technique to control fines migration in poorly consolidated sandstones-laboratory development and case histories[C]∥SPE143947-MS present at the SPE Europe-an Formation Damage Conference.Netherlands:SPE,2011.
[24]朱金智,游利军,李家学,等.油基钻井液对超深裂缝性致密砂岩气藏的保护能力评价[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):62-68.Zhu Jinzhi,You Lijun,Li Jiaxue,et al.Damage evaluation on oilbased drill-in fluids for ultra-deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(2):62-68.
[25]Silva GPDD,Ranjith P G,Perera M S A,et al.An experimental evaluation of unique CO2 flow behaviour in loosely held fine particles rich sandstone under deep reservoir conditions and influencing factors[J].Energy,2017,119:121-137.
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