金沙江上游某特大型滑坡发育特征及堵江机制
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摘要
金沙江上游地区堵江滑坡发育密集,其诱发的次生地质灾害给当地人民的生命财产安全以及流域内的水库建设都带来了严重的威胁,而目前针对金沙江流域的滑坡堵江研究,尤其是滑坡的堵江机制研究还相对较少。以现场地质调查为基础,结合钻孔勘探成果与数值模拟分析,系统研究了金沙江上游某特大型滑坡的发育特征与堵江机制,研究结果表明该滑坡为顺层陡倾岩质斜坡体上发育的以云母石英片岩为主的基岩滑坡,平面呈明显的圈椅状,总方量达6 000万m3,曾严重堵塞金沙江,整个滑坡堵江机制可以总结为:顺层斜坡高速滑动→前缘碰撞堆积→后缘推动形成一定冲高→强夯成坝→完全堵江。
The secondary geological disasters induced by densely-developed landslides in the upstream of Jinsha River have severely threatened people's livelihood and property security and the construction of reservoirs in the drainage basin. At present,however,river-blocking landslides in the Jinsha River basin,in particular,the mechanism of river blocking is rarely reported. In this paper,the development characteristics and river-blocking mechanism of a mega-landslide in the upstream of Jinsha River are investigated via drilling exploration and numerical simulation based on in-situ geological survey. Study results show that the bedrock landslide was developed on consequent and steep slope dominated by mica-quartz schist. With a total volume of 60 million m3,the landslide had blocked the Jinsha River severely,displaying an evident chair shape. The river-blocking mechanism is summarized as follows: high-speed sliding of bedding slope → collision and accumulation of front edge → pushing by the trailing edge → consolidation until damming → complete blocking of the river.
The secondary geological disasters induced by densely-developed landslides in the upstream of Jinsha River have severely threatened people's livelihood and property security and the construction of reservoirs in the drainage basin. At present,however,river-blocking landslides in the Jinsha River basin,in particular,the mechanism of river blocking is rarely reported. In this paper,the development characteristics and river-blocking mechanism of a mega-landslide in the upstream of Jinsha River are investigated via drilling exploration and numerical simulation based on in-situ geological survey. Study results show that the bedrock landslide was developed on consequent and steep slope dominated by mica-quartz schist. With a total volume of 60 million m3,the landslide had blocked the Jinsha River severely,displaying an evident chair shape. The river-blocking mechanism is summarized as follows: high-speed sliding of bedding slope → collision and accumulation of front edge → pushing by the trailing edge → consolidation until damming → complete blocking of the river.
引文
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[2]JENNINGS D A,WEBBY M G,PARLIN D T.Tunawaea Landslide Dam,King Country,New Zealand[J].Landslide,1991:1445-1452.
[3]PICARD M D.Cannon Landslide-dam,the Abruzzi,Eastcentral Italy[J].Journal of Geological Education,1991,39(5):428-431.
[4]DONG Jia-jyun,TUNG Yu-hsiang,CHEN Chien-chih.Discriminant Analysis of the Geomorphic Characteristics and Stability of Landslide Dams[J].Geomorphology,2009,110(3/4):162-171.
[5]STEFANELLI C T,SEGONI S,CASAGLI N,et al.Geomorphic Indexing of Landslide Dams Evolution[J].Engineering Geology,2016,208:1-10.
[6]卢螽猷.滑坡堵江的基本类型、特征和对策[C]∥滑坡文集.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:106-117.
[7]柴贺军,刘汉超.岷江上游多级多期崩滑堵江事件初步研究[J].山地学报,2002,20(5):616-620.
[8]柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元.中国滑坡堵江的类型及其特点[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(3):60-65.
[9]胡卸文,黄润秋,朱海勇,等.唐家山堰塞湖库区马铃岩滑坡地震复活效应及其稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1270-1278.
[10]徐文杰,陈祖煜,何秉顺,等.肖家桥滑坡堵江机制及灾害链效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):933-942.
[11]陈超,任光明,吴龙科,等.西南某水电站库区古滑坡堵江成因及变形破坏机理研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(6):94-98.
[12]陈语,李天斌,魏永幸,等.沟谷型滑坡灾害链成灾机制及堵江危险性判别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增2):4073-4081.
[13]任光明,夏敏,李果,等.陡倾顺层岩质斜坡倾倒变形破坏特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3193-3200.
[14]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[15]李磊,任光明,曹文广,等.边坡地震响应的动力有限元分析[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(5):53-57.
[16]黄诗渊,刘健,李书杰,等.地震作用下边坡平台对边坡的动力响应及失稳破坏影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2015,32(7):70-76.