特小流域暴雨洪水分析方法
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摘要
在推求特小流域洪峰流量时所建立的洪峰流量与流域面积的单相关关系存在数据点分散、相关系数小等不足。为此,建立了洪峰流量与流域面积、河道长、河道比降的复相关关系,数据点分布密集,呈窄带状、直线型。利用直线型分布特性,拟合复相关关系方程,按小值端外延计算特小流域洪峰流量。与单相关关系相比,复相关系数由0.88提高到0.98,相关数据点分布于相关线的10%上、下限偏离线之间的比例由20%提高到80%。复相关关系法理论依据充分、考虑因素全面、成果可靠程度高,不失为一种推求特小流域洪水的合理、有效方法。
For minibasin,in the establishment of single correlation between peak discharge and drainage area to calculate flood peak,some problems including scattered data,small correlation coefficient and so on are existed. For this reason,we established multiple correlations between flood peak and drainage area,watercourse length and channel gradient,and discovered that in the hydrograph,the data is distributed linearly in concentrated and narrow-banded ways. With the linear characteristic,we can fit the data and obtain the multiple correlation equation and by extending from the spectrum end of small value,we can calculate the peak discharge in minibasin. Compared with single correlation,the multiple correlation coefficient is improved from 0. 88 to0. 98,the data proportion inside the enveloping line deviated 10% from correlation line is upgraded from 20% to 80%. The results show that the multiple correlation theory is characterized with sufficient theoretical basis,comprehensive consideration and reliable results,so it is a reasonable and effective way to calculate storm flood in minibasin.
For minibasin,in the establishment of single correlation between peak discharge and drainage area to calculate flood peak,some problems including scattered data,small correlation coefficient and so on are existed. For this reason,we established multiple correlations between flood peak and drainage area,watercourse length and channel gradient,and discovered that in the hydrograph,the data is distributed linearly in concentrated and narrow-banded ways. With the linear characteristic,we can fit the data and obtain the multiple correlation equation and by extending from the spectrum end of small value,we can calculate the peak discharge in minibasin. Compared with single correlation,the multiple correlation coefficient is improved from 0. 88 to0. 98,the data proportion inside the enveloping line deviated 10% from correlation line is upgraded from 20% to 80%. The results show that the multiple correlation theory is characterized with sufficient theoretical basis,comprehensive consideration and reliable results,so it is a reasonable and effective way to calculate storm flood in minibasin.
引文
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[3]中华人民共和国水利部.水利水电工程设计洪水计算规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国水利行业标准,2006.
[4]詹道江,叶守泽.工程水文学(第三版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[5]华东水利学院.水文统计学的概率统计基础[M].北京:水利出版社,1980.
[6]云南省水利水电厅暴雨洪水计算办公室.云南省暴雨径流查算图表[R].昆明:云南省水利水电厅暴雨洪水计算办公室,1992.
[7]郭必芳.陆地水文学[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1989.
[8]芮孝芳.径流形成原理[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1991.
[9]周恩济,林镜榆.气象学[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1989.
[10]水利部长江水利委员会水文局、水利部南京水文水资源研究所.水利水电工程设计洪水计算手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
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