土地利用方式下土壤有机碳特征及影响因素——以后寨河喀斯特小流域为例
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摘要
为研究喀斯特小流域土壤有机碳空间分布与土地利用之间的关系,基于网格法在后寨河流域挖掘了2 755个土壤剖面,并采集了22 057个土壤样品。分析了后寨河流域不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳密度特征。结果表明:后寨河流域土壤有机碳密度主要受人为干扰、土壤厚度与岩石裸露率的制约。不同利用方式土壤有机碳密度(0~100 cm)总体上呈现以下规律:水田>旱地>经果林地>园地>草地>弃耕地>坡耕地>乔灌木林地>乔木林地>荒地>灌木林地>灌草地。后寨河流域100 cm土壤有机碳平均碳密度为8.70 kg/m2,低于中国土壤有机碳平均密度10.83 kg/m2,总有机碳储量为5.39×108kg。科学合理地进行土地利用方式调整与管理,可以增大喀斯特小流域土壤有机碳储量。
To study the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC) and land use in karst river basins, 22 057 soil samples from 2 755 soil profiles were collected with a grid-sampling method at a 150 m scale in the Houzhai River Basin. The SOC density characteristics under different land uses were analyzed. The results indicate that human disturbance, soil thickness and rock outcrop are critical factors to SOC density in the Houzhai River Basin. The land uses in the Houzhai River Basin with SOC density(0-100 cm) in descended order are paddy lands, arid lands, artificial fruit forestlands,garden lands, grasslands, abandoned lands, sloping croplands, arbor-shrub mixed forestlands,arbor forestlands, uncultivated lands, shrub lands and shrub-grass lands. The average SOC density in the top 1 m soil of Houzhai River Basin is 8.70 kg/m2 which is a little lower than the average SOC density in China(10.83 kg/m2), and the SOC storage in the Houzhai River Basin is 5.39×108 kg. In conclusion, scientific and reasonable rearrangement and management of land uses could enlarge the SOC storage capacity in a karst river basin.
To study the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC) and land use in karst river basins, 22 057 soil samples from 2 755 soil profiles were collected with a grid-sampling method at a 150 m scale in the Houzhai River Basin. The SOC density characteristics under different land uses were analyzed. The results indicate that human disturbance, soil thickness and rock outcrop are critical factors to SOC density in the Houzhai River Basin. The land uses in the Houzhai River Basin with SOC density(0-100 cm) in descended order are paddy lands, arid lands, artificial fruit forestlands,garden lands, grasslands, abandoned lands, sloping croplands, arbor-shrub mixed forestlands,arbor forestlands, uncultivated lands, shrub lands and shrub-grass lands. The average SOC density in the top 1 m soil of Houzhai River Basin is 8.70 kg/m2 which is a little lower than the average SOC density in China(10.83 kg/m2), and the SOC storage in the Houzhai River Basin is 5.39×108 kg. In conclusion, scientific and reasonable rearrangement and management of land uses could enlarge the SOC storage capacity in a karst river basin.
引文
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[20]BATJES N H.Soil carbon stocks and projected changes according to land use and management:A case study for Kenya[J].Soil Use and Management,2004,20(3):350-356.
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[23]孙文义,郭胜利,宋小燕.地形和土地利用对黄土丘陵沟壑区表层土壤有机碳空间分布影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(3):443-453.[SUN W Y,GUO S L,SONG X Y.Effects of topographies and land use on spatial distribution of surface soil organic carbon in hilly region of the Loess Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(3):443-453.]
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[25]李阳兵,罗光杰,程安云,等.黔中高原面石漠化演变典型案例研究——以普定后寨河地区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):828-838.[LI Y B,LUO G J,CHENG A Y,et al.A typical case study on evolution of karst rocky desertification in Houzhaihe,Puding County,central Guizhou Province,China.Geographical Research,2013,32(5):828-838.]
[26]WANG Y G,LI Y,YE X H,et al.Profile storage of organic/inorganic carbon in soil:From forest to desert[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(8):1925-1931.
[27]NELSON D W,SOMMERS L E.Total Carbon,Organic Carbon,and Organic Matter[M]//SPARKS D L,et al.Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 3.Chemical Methods,SSSA Book Series No.5.SSSA and ASA,Madison,WI,1996:961-1010.
[28]王绍强,周成虎.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究1999,18(4):349-356.[WANG S Q,ZHOU C H.Estimating soil carbon reservoir of terrestrial ecosystem in China.Geographical Research,1999,18(4):349-356.]
[29]王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544.[WANG S Q,ZHOU C H,LI K R,et al.Analysis on spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon reservoir in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(5):533-544.]
[30]徐秋芳,田甜,吴家森,等.退化板栗林(套)改种茶树和毛竹后土壤生物学性质变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):180-184.[XU Q F,TIAN T,WU J S,et al.Response of soil microbial properties to vegetation transformation by gradual substitution chestnut with tea and bamboo.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(3):180-184.]
[31]刘梦云,常庆瑞,齐雁冰,等.黄土台塬不同土地利用土壤有机碳与颗粒有机碳[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):218-226.[LIU M Y,CHANG Q R,QI Y B,et al.Soil organic carbon and particulate organic carbon under different land use types on the Loess Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(2):218-226.]
[32]LIU M Y,CHANG Q R,QI Y B,et al.Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2014,115(3):19-28.
[33]SHEPHERD T G,SAGGAR S,NEWMAN R H,et al.Tillage-induced changes to soil structure and organic carbon fractions in New Zealand soils[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39(3):465-489.
[34]LEHMANN J,CRAVO M D S,ZECH W.Organic matter stabilization in a xanthic ferralsol of the central Amazon as affected by single trees:Chemical characterization of density,aggregate,and particle size fractions[J].Geoderma,2001,99(1/2):147-168.
[2]郑淑颖,管东生.人类活动对全球碳循环的影响[J].热带地理,2001,21(4):369-373.[ZHENG S Y,GUAN D S.The impact of human activity on the global carbon cycle.Tropical Geography,21(4):369-373.]
[3]HANSEN E M,CHRISTENSEN B T,JENSEN L S,et al.Carbon sequestration in soil beneath long-term Miscanthus plantations as determined by13C abundance[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2004,26:97-105.
[4]SCHARLEMANN J P W,TANNER E V J,HIEDERER R,et al.Global soil carbon:Understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool[J].Carbon Management,2014,5(1):81-91.
[5]LAL R.Carbon sequestration[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B,2008,363(1492):815-830.
[6]SMITH P.Soils and climate change[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2012,4(5):539-544.
[7]WEISSERT L F,SALMOND J A,SCHWENDENMANN L.Variability of soil organic carbon stocks and soil CO2efflux across urban land use and soil cover types[J].Geoderma,2016,271:80-90.
[8]AKPA S I C,ODEH I O A,BISHOP T F A,et al.Total soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration potential in Nigeria[J].Geoderma,2016,271:202-215.
[9]BOHN H L.Estimate of organic carbon in world soils[J].Soil Science Society of American Journal,1982,46:1118-1119.
[10]POST W M,KWON K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:Processes and potential[J].Global Change Biology,2000,6:317-327.
[11]TANG H J,QIU J J,VAN RANST E,et al.Estimations of soil organic carbon storage in cropland of China based on DNDC model[J].Geoderma,2006,134:200-206.
[12]TAGHIZADEH-TOOSI A,OLESEN J E.Modeling soil organic carbon in Danish agricultural soils suggests low potential for future carbon sequestration[J].Agricultural Systems,2016,145:83-89.
[13]吴秀坤,李永梅,李朝丽,等.纳版河流域土地利用方式对土壤总有机碳以及活性有机碳的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):6-11.[WU X K,LI Y M,LI Z L,et al.Effects of land use type on soil total organic carbon and soil labile organic carbon in Naban River watershed.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(1):6-11.]
[14]崔东,李卫红,朱成刚,等.伊犁河谷不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳含量与土壤理化性质相关性分析[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1239-1245.[CUI D,LI W H,ZHU C G,et al.Soil organic carbon content in relation to soil physicochemical properties under different land use types in the Yili Valley.Resources Science,2016,38(7):1239-1245.]
[15]秦明周.红壤丘陵区农业土地利用对土壤肥力的影响及评价[J].山地学报,1999,17(1):71-75.[QIN M Z.Assessment on influence of agricultural land use on soil nutrient fertility in red soil hills region.Journal of Mountain Science,1999,17(1):71-75.]
[16]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.[LI J L,JIANG C S,HAO Q J.Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun Mountain.Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4695-4704.]
[17]DENG L,ZHU G Y,TANG Z S,et al.Global patterns of the effects of land-use changes on soil carbon stocks[J].Global Ecology&Conservation,2016,5:127-138.
[18]POST W M,KWON K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:Processes and potential[J].Global Change Biology,2000,6:317-327.
[19]廖洪凯,龙健,李娟.土地利用方式对喀斯特山区土壤养分及有机碳活性组分的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2081-2090.[LIAO H K,LONG J,LI J.Effects of different land use patterns on soil nutrients and soil active organic carbon components in karst mountain area.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(12):2081-2090.]
[20]BATJES N H.Soil carbon stocks and projected changes according to land use and management:A case study for Kenya[J].Soil Use and Management,2004,20(3):350-356.
[21]RITCHIE J C,MCCARTY G W,VENTERIS E R,et al.Soil and soil organic carbon redistribution on the landscape[J].Geomorphology,2007,89(1/2):163-171.
[22]HARRISON K G,BROECKER W S,BONANI G.The effect of changing land-use on soil radio carbon[J].Science,1993,262(5134):725-729.
[23]孙文义,郭胜利,宋小燕.地形和土地利用对黄土丘陵沟壑区表层土壤有机碳空间分布影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(3):443-453.[SUN W Y,GUO S L,SONG X Y.Effects of topographies and land use on spatial distribution of surface soil organic carbon in hilly region of the Loess Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(3):443-453.]
[24]周运超,周习会,周玮.贵州岩溶土壤形成及其可持续利用[J].山地农业生物学报,2005,24(5):419-425.[ZHOU Y C,ZHOU X H,ZHOU W.Guizhou karst soil formation and its sustainable utilization.Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2005,24(5):419-425.]
[25]李阳兵,罗光杰,程安云,等.黔中高原面石漠化演变典型案例研究——以普定后寨河地区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):828-838.[LI Y B,LUO G J,CHENG A Y,et al.A typical case study on evolution of karst rocky desertification in Houzhaihe,Puding County,central Guizhou Province,China.Geographical Research,2013,32(5):828-838.]
[26]WANG Y G,LI Y,YE X H,et al.Profile storage of organic/inorganic carbon in soil:From forest to desert[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(8):1925-1931.
[27]NELSON D W,SOMMERS L E.Total Carbon,Organic Carbon,and Organic Matter[M]//SPARKS D L,et al.Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 3.Chemical Methods,SSSA Book Series No.5.SSSA and ASA,Madison,WI,1996:961-1010.
[28]王绍强,周成虎.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究1999,18(4):349-356.[WANG S Q,ZHOU C H.Estimating soil carbon reservoir of terrestrial ecosystem in China.Geographical Research,1999,18(4):349-356.]
[29]王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544.[WANG S Q,ZHOU C H,LI K R,et al.Analysis on spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon reservoir in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(5):533-544.]
[30]徐秋芳,田甜,吴家森,等.退化板栗林(套)改种茶树和毛竹后土壤生物学性质变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):180-184.[XU Q F,TIAN T,WU J S,et al.Response of soil microbial properties to vegetation transformation by gradual substitution chestnut with tea and bamboo.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(3):180-184.]
[31]刘梦云,常庆瑞,齐雁冰,等.黄土台塬不同土地利用土壤有机碳与颗粒有机碳[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):218-226.[LIU M Y,CHANG Q R,QI Y B,et al.Soil organic carbon and particulate organic carbon under different land use types on the Loess Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(2):218-226.]
[32]LIU M Y,CHANG Q R,QI Y B,et al.Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2014,115(3):19-28.
[33]SHEPHERD T G,SAGGAR S,NEWMAN R H,et al.Tillage-induced changes to soil structure and organic carbon fractions in New Zealand soils[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39(3):465-489.
[34]LEHMANN J,CRAVO M D S,ZECH W.Organic matter stabilization in a xanthic ferralsol of the central Amazon as affected by single trees:Chemical characterization of density,aggregate,and particle size fractions[J].Geoderma,2001,99(1/2):147-168.