中国情境下乡愁的影响效果与影响因素
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摘要
随着经济全球化,劳动力流动日趋加剧,大量务工人员远离家乡,进入陌生环境。在此背景下,乡愁(适应障碍和故乡眷恋)正成为管理实践中面临的一个重要问题。基于此,本研究探究了中国情境下乡愁的影响效果与影响因素,即乡愁对员工工作绩效的影响效应以及多元包容型人力资源管理实践(ID-HRP)对乡愁的预测作用。基于全国552份有效样本的实证研究发现:(1)故乡眷恋对工作绩效有显著正向影响,而适应障碍对工作绩效有显著负向影响;(2)ID-HRP对故乡眷恋有显著正向影响,对适应障碍有显著负向影响;(3)故乡眷恋与适应障碍在ID-HRP对工作绩效的影响中具有部分中介作用;(4)依恋风格调节IDHRP对故乡眷恋和适应障碍的影响,同时调节ID-HRP通过故乡眷恋和适应障碍对工作绩效的间接作用。
With the development the economic globalization, the labor mobility is becoming more and more frequently; a large number of migrant workers leave far away from their hometown and enter into the unfamiliar environment. Therefore, the homesickness comes into being an important problem in management practice. To address this issue, this paper examined the consequences and antecedents of the homesickness. Specifically, we propose the detrimental effect of homesick(including hometown attachment and adaptation obstacle) on job performance and the predictive effect of inclusive diversity human resource practice(ID-HRP) on homesickness.Based on data from 552 valid samples across the country, the results showed hometown attachment exerted a positive effect on job performance while adaptation obstacle exerted a negative effect on job performance. Besides, IDHRP exerted a positive effect on hometown attachment and a negative effect on adaptation obstacle. Taken together,both hometown attachment and adaptation obstacle partially mediated the effects of ID-HRP on job performance.Finally, attachment style moderated the direct effect of ID-HRP on homesick(hometown attachment and adaptation obstacle), and the indirect effects of ID-HRP on job performance through homesick.
With the development the economic globalization, the labor mobility is becoming more and more frequently; a large number of migrant workers leave far away from their hometown and enter into the unfamiliar environment. Therefore, the homesickness comes into being an important problem in management practice. To address this issue, this paper examined the consequences and antecedents of the homesickness. Specifically, we propose the detrimental effect of homesick(including hometown attachment and adaptation obstacle) on job performance and the predictive effect of inclusive diversity human resource practice(ID-HRP) on homesickness.Based on data from 552 valid samples across the country, the results showed hometown attachment exerted a positive effect on job performance while adaptation obstacle exerted a negative effect on job performance. Besides, IDHRP exerted a positive effect on hometown attachment and a negative effect on adaptation obstacle. Taken together,both hometown attachment and adaptation obstacle partially mediated the effects of ID-HRP on job performance.Finally, attachment style moderated the direct effect of ID-HRP on homesick(hometown attachment and adaptation obstacle), and the indirect effects of ID-HRP on job performance through homesick.
引文
1.程伟波.(2014).包容性领导对员工态度和行为影响的实证研究(博士学位论文),武汉:中南大学.
2.李彩娜,孙颖,拓瑞,刘佳.(2016).安全依恋对人际信任的影响:依恋焦虑的调节效应.心理学报,48(8),989-1001.
3.刘冰,孙艳,齐蕾.(2017).包容型领导对关系冲突的影响.财经问题研究,39(4),107-113.
4.唐宁玉,张凯丽.(2015).包容性领导研究述评与展望.管理学报,12(6),932-938.
5.温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.(2005).调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用.心理学报,37(2),268-274.
6.俞睿玮,张嘉琪,朱函昱,刘文.(2016).不同依恋类型下积极情绪与成人创造性的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,24(1),130-134.
7.赵富强,罗奎,张光磊,陈耘.(2016).基于资源保存理论的工作家庭冲突对工作绩效的影响研究.中国人力资源开发,33(21),25-33.
8.赵富强,杨淑媛,陈耘,张光磊.(2017).工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践对员工绩效的影响:工作繁荣与真实型领导的作用.中国人力资源开发,34(9),81-96.
9.赵富强,黄颢宇,陈耘,张秋红.(2018).工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践对工作绩效的影响:工作-家庭关系的中介作用与心理资本的调节作用.中国人力资源开发,35(11),124-140.
10.Alimoradi,F.,&Sadeghi,S.(2017).Investigating the relationship of self-esteem and spirituality to homesickness among dormitory students of Razi University in Kermanshah.Journal of Research on Religion and Health,3(3),43-54.
11.Appelbaum,E.,Bailey,T.,Berg,P.,&Kalleberg,A.L.(2000).Manufacturing advantage:Why high-performance work systems pay off.Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press.
12.Bahdur,K.,&Pruna,R.(2017).The impact of homesickness on elite footballers.Journal of Novel Physiotherapies,7,331.
13.Bell,J.,&Bromnick,R.(1998).Young people in transition:The relationship between homesickness and self-disclosure.Journal of Adolescence,21(6),745-752.
14.Bhave,D.,&Lefter,A.M.(2018).The other side:Occupational interactional requirements and work-home enrichment.Academy of Management Journal,61(1),139-164.
15.Brennan,K.A.,Clark,C.L.,&Shaver,P.R.(1998).Selfreport measurement of adult attachment:An integrative overview.In Simpson,J.A.,&Rholes,W.S.(Eds.),Attachment theory and close relationship.New York:Guilford Press.
16.Carlson,D.S.,Witt,L.A.,Zivnuska,S.,Kacmar,K.M.,&Grzywacz,J.G.(2008).Supervisor appraisal as the link between family-work balance and contextual performance.Journal of Business and Psychology,23(1/2),37-49.
17.Cheung,W.Y.,Sedikides,C.,&Wildschut,T.(2016).Induced nostalgia increases optimism(via social-connectedness and self-esteem)among individuals high,but not low,in trait nostalgia.Personality&Individual Differences,90,283-288.
18.Colquitt,J.A.,Scott,B.A.,&Lephine,J.A.(2007).Trust,trustworthiness,and trust propensity:A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(4),909-927.
19.Demaray,M.K.,&Malecki,C.K.(2002).Critical levels of perceived social support associated with student adjustment.School Psychology Quarterly,17(3),213-241.
20.Du,D.,Derks,D.,Bakker,A.B.,Lu,C.(2017).Does homesickness undermine the potential of job resources?Aperspective from the work-home resources model.Journal of Organizational Behavior,39(3),369-396.
21.Edwards,B.D.,Bell,S.T.,Arthur,W.,&Decuir,A.D.(2008).Relationships between facets of job satisfaction and task and contextual performance.Applied Psychology,57(3),441-465.
22.Ely,R.J.,&Thomas,D.A.(2001).Cultural diversity at work:The effect of diversity perspectives on work group process and outcomes.Administrative Science Quarterly,46(2),229-273.
23.Fraley,R.C.,&Shaver,P.R.(2000).Adult romantic attachment:Theoretical developments,emerging controversies,and unanswered questions.Review of General Psychology,4(2),132-154.
24.Greenberg,P.E.,Stiglin,L.E.,Finkelstein,S.N.,&Berndt,E.R.(1993).Depression:A neglected major illness.Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,54(11),419-424.
25.Greenhaus,J.H.,&Kossek,E.E.(2014).The contemporary career.A work-home perspective.Social Science Electronic Publishing,1(1),361-388.
26.Griffin,D.,&Bartholomew,K.(1994).Models of the self and other:Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,67(3),430-445.
27.Harrison,D.A.,Price,K.H.,&Bell,M.P.(1998).Beyond relational demography:Time and the effect of surface-and deeplevel diversity on work group cohesion.Academy of Management Journal,41(1),96-107.
28.Hobfoll,S.E.(2001).The influence of culture,community,and the nested-self in the stress process:Advancing Conservation of Resources theory.Applied Psychology,50(3),337-421.
29.Jawahar,I.M.,Stone,T.H.,&Kisamore,J.I.(2007).Role conflict and burnout:The direct and moderating effects of political skill and perceived organizational support on burnout dimensions.International Journal of Stress Management,14(2),142-159.
30.Kraimer,M.,Bolino,M.,&Mead,B.(2016).Themes in expatriate and repatriate research over four decades:What do we know and what do we still need to learn?.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,3,83-109.
31.Levy,K.N.,Ellison,W.D.,Scott,L.N.,&Bernecker,S.L.(2011).Attachment style.Journal of Clinical Psychology,67(2),193-203.
32.Lisa,H.N.(2013).The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups.Academy of Management Journal,56(6),1754-1774.
33.Mayer,D.M.,Kuenzi,M.,Greenbaum,R.,Bardes,M.,&Salvador,R.(2009).How low does ethical leadership flow?Test of a trickle-down model.Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,108(1),1-13.
34.Mikulincer,M.,&Shaver,P.R.(2007).Attachment in adulthood:Structure,dynamics,and change.New York,NY:Guilford Press.
35.Niziurski,J.A.,&Berntsen,D.(2018).A prospective study of homesickness in soldiers during military deployment.Personality&Individual Differences,120,81-86.
36.Norris,F.H.,&Kaniasty,K.(1996).Received and perceived social support in times of stress:A test of the social support deterioration deterrence model.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71(3),498-511.
37.Overall,N.C.,Fletcher,G.J.O.,Simpson,J.A.,&Fillo,J.(2015).Attachment insecurity,biased perceptions of romantic partners'negative emotions,and hostile relationship behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,108(5),730-749.
38.Phd,S.C.,&Phd,M.E.(2008).Understanding of diversity and inclusion in a perceived homogeneous culture:Astudy of organizational commitment and job performance among Korean employees.Administration in Social Work,32(4),100-126.
39.Podsakoff,P.M.,Mackenzie,S.B.,&Podsakoff,N.P.(2012).Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it.Annual Review of Psychology,63(1),539-569.
40.Poppleton,S.,Briner,R.B.,&Kiefer,T.(2008).The roles of context and everyday experience in understanding worknon-work relationships:A qualitative diary study of white-and blue-collar workers.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,81(3),481-502.
41.Richards,D.A.,&Schat,A.C.(2011).Attachment at(not to)work:Applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(1),169-182.
42.Riggs,S.A.,Jacobovitz,D.,&Hazen,N.(2002).Adult attachment and history of psychotherapy in a normative sample.Psychotherapy.Theory,Research,Practice,Training,39(4),344-353.
43.Roberson,Q.M.(2004).Disentangling the meanings of diversity and inclusion in organizational management.Group&Organization Management,31(2),212-236.
44.Scopelliti,M.,&Tiberio,L.(2010).Homesickness in university students:The role of multiple place attachment.Environment and Behavior,42(3),335-350.
45.Seehusen,J.,Cordaro,F.,Wildschut,T.,Sedikides,C.,Routledge,C.,&Blackhart,G.C.,et al.(2013).Individual differences in nostalgia proneness:The integrating role of the need to belong.Personality&Individual Differences,55(8),904-908.
46.Shaffer,M.A.,Kraimer,M.L.,Chen,Y.P.,&Bolino,M.C.(2012).Choices,challenges,and career consequences of global work experiences:A review and future agenda.Journal of Management,38(4),1282-1327.
47.Shaver,P.R.,&Clark,C.L.(1994).The psychodynamics of adult romantic attachment.In J.M.Masling&R.F.Bornstein(Eds.),Empirical perspectives on object relations theory.Washington,DC,US:American Psychological Association.
48.Shore,L.M.,Randel,A.E.,Chung,B.G.,Dean,M.A.,Holcombe,E.K.,&Singh,G.(2011).Inclusion and diversity in work groups:A review and model for future research.Journal of Management,37(4),1262-1289.
49.Stroebe,M.,Van,V.T.,Hewstone,M.,&Willis,H.(2002).Homesickness among students in two cultures:Antecedents and consequences.British Journal of Psychology,93(2),147-168.
50.Thurber,C.A.,&Walton,E.A.(2007).Preventing and treating homesickness.Child&Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America,119(1),192-201.
51.Thurber,C.A.,&Walton,E.A.(2012).Homesickness and adjustment in university students.Journal of American College Health,60(5),415-419.
52.Van Tilburg,M.A.L.,&Vingerhoets,A.(Eds).(2006).Psychological aspects of geographical moves:Homesickness and acculturation stress.Tilburg,the Netherlands:Tilburg University Press.
53.Wearden,A.J.,Lamberton,N.,Crook,N.,&Walsh,V.(2005).Adult attachment,alexithymia,and symptom reporting:An extension to the four category model of attachment.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,58(3),279-288.
54.Welch,R.D.&Houser,M.E.(2010).Extending the four category model of adult attachment:An interpersonal model of friendship attachment.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,27(3),351-366.
2.李彩娜,孙颖,拓瑞,刘佳.(2016).安全依恋对人际信任的影响:依恋焦虑的调节效应.心理学报,48(8),989-1001.
3.刘冰,孙艳,齐蕾.(2017).包容型领导对关系冲突的影响.财经问题研究,39(4),107-113.
4.唐宁玉,张凯丽.(2015).包容性领导研究述评与展望.管理学报,12(6),932-938.
5.温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.(2005).调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用.心理学报,37(2),268-274.
6.俞睿玮,张嘉琪,朱函昱,刘文.(2016).不同依恋类型下积极情绪与成人创造性的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,24(1),130-134.
7.赵富强,罗奎,张光磊,陈耘.(2016).基于资源保存理论的工作家庭冲突对工作绩效的影响研究.中国人力资源开发,33(21),25-33.
8.赵富强,杨淑媛,陈耘,张光磊.(2017).工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践对员工绩效的影响:工作繁荣与真实型领导的作用.中国人力资源开发,34(9),81-96.
9.赵富强,黄颢宇,陈耘,张秋红.(2018).工作-家庭平衡型人力资源管理实践对工作绩效的影响:工作-家庭关系的中介作用与心理资本的调节作用.中国人力资源开发,35(11),124-140.
10.Alimoradi,F.,&Sadeghi,S.(2017).Investigating the relationship of self-esteem and spirituality to homesickness among dormitory students of Razi University in Kermanshah.Journal of Research on Religion and Health,3(3),43-54.
11.Appelbaum,E.,Bailey,T.,Berg,P.,&Kalleberg,A.L.(2000).Manufacturing advantage:Why high-performance work systems pay off.Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press.
12.Bahdur,K.,&Pruna,R.(2017).The impact of homesickness on elite footballers.Journal of Novel Physiotherapies,7,331.
13.Bell,J.,&Bromnick,R.(1998).Young people in transition:The relationship between homesickness and self-disclosure.Journal of Adolescence,21(6),745-752.
14.Bhave,D.,&Lefter,A.M.(2018).The other side:Occupational interactional requirements and work-home enrichment.Academy of Management Journal,61(1),139-164.
15.Brennan,K.A.,Clark,C.L.,&Shaver,P.R.(1998).Selfreport measurement of adult attachment:An integrative overview.In Simpson,J.A.,&Rholes,W.S.(Eds.),Attachment theory and close relationship.New York:Guilford Press.
16.Carlson,D.S.,Witt,L.A.,Zivnuska,S.,Kacmar,K.M.,&Grzywacz,J.G.(2008).Supervisor appraisal as the link between family-work balance and contextual performance.Journal of Business and Psychology,23(1/2),37-49.
17.Cheung,W.Y.,Sedikides,C.,&Wildschut,T.(2016).Induced nostalgia increases optimism(via social-connectedness and self-esteem)among individuals high,but not low,in trait nostalgia.Personality&Individual Differences,90,283-288.
18.Colquitt,J.A.,Scott,B.A.,&Lephine,J.A.(2007).Trust,trustworthiness,and trust propensity:A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(4),909-927.
19.Demaray,M.K.,&Malecki,C.K.(2002).Critical levels of perceived social support associated with student adjustment.School Psychology Quarterly,17(3),213-241.
20.Du,D.,Derks,D.,Bakker,A.B.,Lu,C.(2017).Does homesickness undermine the potential of job resources?Aperspective from the work-home resources model.Journal of Organizational Behavior,39(3),369-396.
21.Edwards,B.D.,Bell,S.T.,Arthur,W.,&Decuir,A.D.(2008).Relationships between facets of job satisfaction and task and contextual performance.Applied Psychology,57(3),441-465.
22.Ely,R.J.,&Thomas,D.A.(2001).Cultural diversity at work:The effect of diversity perspectives on work group process and outcomes.Administrative Science Quarterly,46(2),229-273.
23.Fraley,R.C.,&Shaver,P.R.(2000).Adult romantic attachment:Theoretical developments,emerging controversies,and unanswered questions.Review of General Psychology,4(2),132-154.
24.Greenberg,P.E.,Stiglin,L.E.,Finkelstein,S.N.,&Berndt,E.R.(1993).Depression:A neglected major illness.Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,54(11),419-424.
25.Greenhaus,J.H.,&Kossek,E.E.(2014).The contemporary career.A work-home perspective.Social Science Electronic Publishing,1(1),361-388.
26.Griffin,D.,&Bartholomew,K.(1994).Models of the self and other:Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,67(3),430-445.
27.Harrison,D.A.,Price,K.H.,&Bell,M.P.(1998).Beyond relational demography:Time and the effect of surface-and deeplevel diversity on work group cohesion.Academy of Management Journal,41(1),96-107.
28.Hobfoll,S.E.(2001).The influence of culture,community,and the nested-self in the stress process:Advancing Conservation of Resources theory.Applied Psychology,50(3),337-421.
29.Jawahar,I.M.,Stone,T.H.,&Kisamore,J.I.(2007).Role conflict and burnout:The direct and moderating effects of political skill and perceived organizational support on burnout dimensions.International Journal of Stress Management,14(2),142-159.
30.Kraimer,M.,Bolino,M.,&Mead,B.(2016).Themes in expatriate and repatriate research over four decades:What do we know and what do we still need to learn?.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,3,83-109.
31.Levy,K.N.,Ellison,W.D.,Scott,L.N.,&Bernecker,S.L.(2011).Attachment style.Journal of Clinical Psychology,67(2),193-203.
32.Lisa,H.N.(2013).The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups.Academy of Management Journal,56(6),1754-1774.
33.Mayer,D.M.,Kuenzi,M.,Greenbaum,R.,Bardes,M.,&Salvador,R.(2009).How low does ethical leadership flow?Test of a trickle-down model.Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,108(1),1-13.
34.Mikulincer,M.,&Shaver,P.R.(2007).Attachment in adulthood:Structure,dynamics,and change.New York,NY:Guilford Press.
35.Niziurski,J.A.,&Berntsen,D.(2018).A prospective study of homesickness in soldiers during military deployment.Personality&Individual Differences,120,81-86.
36.Norris,F.H.,&Kaniasty,K.(1996).Received and perceived social support in times of stress:A test of the social support deterioration deterrence model.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71(3),498-511.
37.Overall,N.C.,Fletcher,G.J.O.,Simpson,J.A.,&Fillo,J.(2015).Attachment insecurity,biased perceptions of romantic partners'negative emotions,and hostile relationship behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,108(5),730-749.
38.Phd,S.C.,&Phd,M.E.(2008).Understanding of diversity and inclusion in a perceived homogeneous culture:Astudy of organizational commitment and job performance among Korean employees.Administration in Social Work,32(4),100-126.
39.Podsakoff,P.M.,Mackenzie,S.B.,&Podsakoff,N.P.(2012).Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it.Annual Review of Psychology,63(1),539-569.
40.Poppleton,S.,Briner,R.B.,&Kiefer,T.(2008).The roles of context and everyday experience in understanding worknon-work relationships:A qualitative diary study of white-and blue-collar workers.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,81(3),481-502.
41.Richards,D.A.,&Schat,A.C.(2011).Attachment at(not to)work:Applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(1),169-182.
42.Riggs,S.A.,Jacobovitz,D.,&Hazen,N.(2002).Adult attachment and history of psychotherapy in a normative sample.Psychotherapy.Theory,Research,Practice,Training,39(4),344-353.
43.Roberson,Q.M.(2004).Disentangling the meanings of diversity and inclusion in organizational management.Group&Organization Management,31(2),212-236.
44.Scopelliti,M.,&Tiberio,L.(2010).Homesickness in university students:The role of multiple place attachment.Environment and Behavior,42(3),335-350.
45.Seehusen,J.,Cordaro,F.,Wildschut,T.,Sedikides,C.,Routledge,C.,&Blackhart,G.C.,et al.(2013).Individual differences in nostalgia proneness:The integrating role of the need to belong.Personality&Individual Differences,55(8),904-908.
46.Shaffer,M.A.,Kraimer,M.L.,Chen,Y.P.,&Bolino,M.C.(2012).Choices,challenges,and career consequences of global work experiences:A review and future agenda.Journal of Management,38(4),1282-1327.
47.Shaver,P.R.,&Clark,C.L.(1994).The psychodynamics of adult romantic attachment.In J.M.Masling&R.F.Bornstein(Eds.),Empirical perspectives on object relations theory.Washington,DC,US:American Psychological Association.
48.Shore,L.M.,Randel,A.E.,Chung,B.G.,Dean,M.A.,Holcombe,E.K.,&Singh,G.(2011).Inclusion and diversity in work groups:A review and model for future research.Journal of Management,37(4),1262-1289.
49.Stroebe,M.,Van,V.T.,Hewstone,M.,&Willis,H.(2002).Homesickness among students in two cultures:Antecedents and consequences.British Journal of Psychology,93(2),147-168.
50.Thurber,C.A.,&Walton,E.A.(2007).Preventing and treating homesickness.Child&Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America,119(1),192-201.
51.Thurber,C.A.,&Walton,E.A.(2012).Homesickness and adjustment in university students.Journal of American College Health,60(5),415-419.
52.Van Tilburg,M.A.L.,&Vingerhoets,A.(Eds).(2006).Psychological aspects of geographical moves:Homesickness and acculturation stress.Tilburg,the Netherlands:Tilburg University Press.
53.Wearden,A.J.,Lamberton,N.,Crook,N.,&Walsh,V.(2005).Adult attachment,alexithymia,and symptom reporting:An extension to the four category model of attachment.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,58(3),279-288.
54.Welch,R.D.&Houser,M.E.(2010).Extending the four category model of adult attachment:An interpersonal model of friendship attachment.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,27(3),351-366.