深埋超特长输水隧洞TBM集群施工关键技术探析
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摘要
北疆供水二期工程中的西二、喀—双、双—三隧洞总长516.19 km,设计采用18台TBM分段掘进,其中喀—双隧洞单洞长283.27 km,是目前世界在建最长的输水隧洞。深埋、超特长、TBM集群施工是该隧洞工程建设的显著特点,结合区域地质构造特征、工程地质条件和大量地质勘探成果,分析了存在的主要工程地质问题,提出了TBM结合钻爆法联合分段掘进的施工组织方案。并围绕深埋隧洞施工支洞及TBM进入通道型式的选择布局、超特长隧洞分段施工及TBM掘进方案优化设计、TBM集群施工及配套系统高效运行管理、地质灾害预测预报及风险防范控制、软岩变形控制及断裂破碎带安全掘进等工程建设中的重点、难点及关键技术问题,开展了分析讨论。可供TBM设计制造和长隧洞工程建设借鉴参考。
The Xi-Er, Kashi–Shuang and Shuang–San tunnels of the 2nd stage water transfer project in the northern areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are totally 516.19 km in length, and they are designed to be constructed section by section using 18 TBMs. Among which, the Kashi–Shuang tunnel, with a single tunnel 283.27 km in length, is currently the longest water transfer one to be constructed in the world. It is characterized by deep burial, super length and group construction of TBM. Based on the geological features and conditions of the research areas as well as large quantity of geological surveys and test data, the main engineering geological problems in deep-buried and super-long tunnels are investigated, and the combined construction scheme of TBM and drilling-blasting method is proposed. The highlights, difficulties and key techniques in the construction of the project are preliminarily analyzed and discussed, including sub-tunnel construction of deep-buried tunnel and selection and layout of TBM-entering tunnel patterns, section-by-section construction of super-long tunnel and optimization of TBM tunneling schemes, group construction of TBM and high-efficient operation and management of the auxiliary system, forecast of geological disasters and prevention and control of risks, and deformation control of soft rock and safe tunneling in fault zones. It may provide technical support for the design and manufacturing of TBM and the construction of large interregional water diversion and long water transfer projects.
The Xi-Er, Kashi–Shuang and Shuang–San tunnels of the 2nd stage water transfer project in the northern areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are totally 516.19 km in length, and they are designed to be constructed section by section using 18 TBMs. Among which, the Kashi–Shuang tunnel, with a single tunnel 283.27 km in length, is currently the longest water transfer one to be constructed in the world. It is characterized by deep burial, super length and group construction of TBM. Based on the geological features and conditions of the research areas as well as large quantity of geological surveys and test data, the main engineering geological problems in deep-buried and super-long tunnels are investigated, and the combined construction scheme of TBM and drilling-blasting method is proposed. The highlights, difficulties and key techniques in the construction of the project are preliminarily analyzed and discussed, including sub-tunnel construction of deep-buried tunnel and selection and layout of TBM-entering tunnel patterns, section-by-section construction of super-long tunnel and optimization of TBM tunneling schemes, group construction of TBM and high-efficient operation and management of the auxiliary system, forecast of geological disasters and prevention and control of risks, and deformation control of soft rock and safe tunneling in fault zones. It may provide technical support for the design and manufacturing of TBM and the construction of large interregional water diversion and long water transfer projects.
引文
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[15]辛金生.山东黄金深竖井工程实施阶段风险管理研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2014.(XIN Jin-sheng.Risk management of deep shafts of Shandong Gold Group Co Ltd during project implementation[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Technological University,2014.(in Chinese))
[16]张基磊,朱泽祥,律景田,等.长距离斜井施工设备选型[J].建井技术,2008,29(1):32–34.(ZHANG Ji-lei,ZHU Ze-xiang,LüJing-tian,et al.Selection of construction facilities for long-distance inclined shafts[J].Mine Construction Technology,2008,29(1):32–34.(in Chinese))
[17]王梦恕.开敞式在铁路长隧洞特硬岩、软岩地层的施工技术[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(5):54–58.(WNAG Meng-shu.Construction technique of TBM for long railway tunnels in very hard or soft rock strata[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(5):54–58.(in Chinese))
[18]钱七虎.钱七虎院士论文选集[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.(QIAN Qi-hu.Selections from Academician Qian Qihu’s theses[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
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[20]梁文灏,李国良.乌鞘岭特长隧洞方案设计[J].现代隧洞技术,2004,41(2):1–7.(LIANG Wen-hao,LI Guo-liang.Tentative project of Wushaoling tunnel[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2004,41(2):1–7.(in Chinese))
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[22]杜彦良,徐明新,智小慧,等.全断面岩石隧洞掘进机:TBM维护保养与监测诊断[M].北京:华中科技大学出版社,2013.(DU Yan-liang,XU Ming-xin,ZHI Xiao-hui,et al.Full face hard rock tunnel boring machine:monitoring and maintenance[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[23]杨新安,凌保林,王树杰,等.盾构隧洞掘进信息化管理系统设计与开发[J].中国工程机械学报,2010,8(4):422–426,431.(YANG Xin-an,LING Bao-lin,WANG Shu-jie,et al.Designing and developing information management systems for shield tunneling[J].Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery,2010,8(4):422–426,431.(in Chinese))
[24]刘晴,王建平.基于BIM技术的建设工程生命周期管理研究[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2010,2(3):40–45.(LIU Qing,WANG Jian-ping.The research on building lifecycle management based on the technology of BIM[J].Journal of Information Technology in Civil Engineering and Architecture,2010,2(3):40–45.(in Chinese))
[25]尚彦军,王思敬,薛继洪,等.万家寨引黄工程泥灰岩段隧洞岩石掘进机(TBM)卡机事故工程地质分析和事故处理[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(3):293–298.(SHAN Yan-jun,WANG Si-jing,XUE Ji-hong,et al.A case study on TBM block in marls at connection works No.7 tunnel of Yellow River diversion project[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(3):293–298.(in Chinese))
[26]刘志华,李清文,边野,等.引洮供水工程双护盾TBM卡机事故分析与解决[J].建筑机械化,2013(6):77–79.(LIU Zhi-hua,LI Qing-wen,BIAN Ye,et al.Analysis and solutions for the blocking failure of double shield TBM in Yintao water supply project[J].Construction Mechanization,2013(6):77–79.(in Chinese))
[27]吴世勇,周济芳.锦屏二级水电站长引水隧洞高地应力下开敝式硬岩隧道掘进机安全快速掘进技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1657–1665.(WU Shi-yong,ZHOU Ji-fang.Research on safe and fast tunneling technology by open-type hard rock under high geostress of long diversion tunnels of JingpingⅡHydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1657–1665.(in Chinese))
[28]王梦恕.不同地层条件下的盾构与TBM选型[J].隧洞建设,2006,26(2):1–3,8.(WANG Meng-shu.Type selection of shield TBMs and hard rock TBMs for different geological conditions[J].Tunnel Construction,2006,26(2):1–3,8.(in Chinese))
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[2]尹俊涛,尚彦军,傅冰骏,等.TBM掘进技术发展及有关工程地质问题分析和对策[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):389–397.(YIN Jun-tao,SHAN Yan-jun,FU Bing-jun,et al.Development of TBM-excavation technology and analyses&countermeasures of related engineering geological problems[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(3):389–397.(in Chinese))
[3]钱七虎,李朝甫,傅德明.全断面掘进机在中国地下工程中的应用现状及前景展望[J].建筑机械,2002(5):28–35.(QIAN Qi-hu,LI Chao-fu,FU De-ming.Application situation and outlook of TBM in underground project in China[J].Construction Machinery,2002(5):28–35.(in Chinese))
[4]张军伟,梅志荣,高菊茹,等.大伙房输水工程特长隧洞TBM选型及施工关键技术研究[J].现代隧洞技术,2010,47(5):1–10.(ZHANG Jun-wei,MEI Zhi-rong,GAO Ju-ru,et al.Study on TBM type selection and key technologies in Dahuofang water diversion tunnel[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2010,47(5):1–10.(in Chinese))
[5]王梦恕,王占山.TBM通过断层破碎带的施工技术[J].隧洞建设,2001,21(3):1–4.(WANG Meng-shu,WANG Zhan-shan.Construction technology of TBM driving across fracture zone[J].Tunnel Construction,2001,21(3):1–4.(in Chinese))
[6]伍法权,王学潮,国连杰,等.南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及其对工程的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1370–1374.(WU Fa-quan,WANG Xue-chao,GUO Lian-jie,et al.Fault activity and its effect on the west line of Water Diversion Project from South to North of China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1370–1374.(in Chinese))
[7]张军伟,梅志荣,唐与.特长隧洞TBM施工与锚喷支护应用研究[J].铁道工程学报,2011(1):39–46.(ZHANG Jun-wei,MEI Zhi-rong,TANG Yu.Study on TBM construction and application of bolt-shotcrete support in construction of long water transfer tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011(1):39–46.(in Chinese))
[8]吴世勇,王鸽,徐劲松,等.锦屏二级水电站TBM选型及施工关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2000–2009.(WU Shi-yong,WANG Ge,XU Jin-song,et al.Research on TBM type-selection and key construction technology for JingpingⅡHydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2000–2009.(in Chinese))
[9]孙海波,刘金祥.敞开式TBM掘进初期典型问题的分析与探讨[J].建筑机械化,2014(9):71–73.(SUN Hai-bo,LIU Jin-xiang.Analysis and discussion of open type TBM initial typical problems[J].Construction Mechanization,2014(9):71–73.(in Chinese))
[10]廖朝华,郭小红.中国修建跨海峡海底隧洞的关键技术问题[J].隧洞建设,2008,28(5):527–532.(LIAO Chao-hua,GUO Xiao-hong.Key technologies in subsea tunnel construction in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(5):527–532.(in Chinese))
[11]新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院.喀双隧洞工程地质勘察专题报告[R].乌鲁木齐:新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院,2015.(Xinjiang Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower.Special survey report of engineering geology of Kashi–Shuang tunnel[R].Urumqi:Xinjiang Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,2015.(in Chinese))
[12]中国地震应急搜救中心.新疆输水工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].北京:中国地震应急搜救中心,2015.(National Earthquake Response Support Service.Safety evaluation report for sites of water transfer project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region under earthquakes[R].Beijing:National Earthquake Response Support Service,2015.(in Chinese))
[13]长江水利委员会长江科学院.喀双隧洞地应力测试报告[R].武汉:长江水利委员会长江科学院,2013.(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission.Report of tests on geostress of Kashi-Shuang tunnel[R].Wuhan:Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,2013.(in Chinese))
[14]中国核工业集团总公司.喀双隧洞核辐射研究报告[R].乌鲁木齐:中国核工业集团总公司,2014.(China National Nuclear Corporation.Research report of nuclear radiation of Kashi–Shuang tunnel[R].Urumqi:China National Nuclear Corporation,2014.(in Chinese))
[15]辛金生.山东黄金深竖井工程实施阶段风险管理研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2014.(XIN Jin-sheng.Risk management of deep shafts of Shandong Gold Group Co Ltd during project implementation[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Technological University,2014.(in Chinese))
[16]张基磊,朱泽祥,律景田,等.长距离斜井施工设备选型[J].建井技术,2008,29(1):32–34.(ZHANG Ji-lei,ZHU Ze-xiang,LüJing-tian,et al.Selection of construction facilities for long-distance inclined shafts[J].Mine Construction Technology,2008,29(1):32–34.(in Chinese))
[17]王梦恕.开敞式在铁路长隧洞特硬岩、软岩地层的施工技术[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(5):54–58.(WNAG Meng-shu.Construction technique of TBM for long railway tunnels in very hard or soft rock strata[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(5):54–58.(in Chinese))
[18]钱七虎.钱七虎院士论文选集[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.(QIAN Qi-hu.Selections from Academician Qian Qihu’s theses[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[19]施仲衡.地下铁道设计与施工[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,2006.(SHI Zhong-heng.Design and construction of underground railways[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[20]梁文灏,李国良.乌鞘岭特长隧洞方案设计[J].现代隧洞技术,2004,41(2):1–7.(LIANG Wen-hao,LI Guo-liang.Tentative project of Wushaoling tunnel[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2004,41(2):1–7.(in Chinese))
[21]王梦恕,李典璜,张镜剑,等.岩石隧洞掘进机(TBM)施工及工程实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.(WANG Meng-shu,LI Dian-huang,ZHANG Jing-jian,et al.TBM construction and case studies[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese))
[22]杜彦良,徐明新,智小慧,等.全断面岩石隧洞掘进机:TBM维护保养与监测诊断[M].北京:华中科技大学出版社,2013.(DU Yan-liang,XU Ming-xin,ZHI Xiao-hui,et al.Full face hard rock tunnel boring machine:monitoring and maintenance[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[23]杨新安,凌保林,王树杰,等.盾构隧洞掘进信息化管理系统设计与开发[J].中国工程机械学报,2010,8(4):422–426,431.(YANG Xin-an,LING Bao-lin,WANG Shu-jie,et al.Designing and developing information management systems for shield tunneling[J].Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery,2010,8(4):422–426,431.(in Chinese))
[24]刘晴,王建平.基于BIM技术的建设工程生命周期管理研究[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2010,2(3):40–45.(LIU Qing,WANG Jian-ping.The research on building lifecycle management based on the technology of BIM[J].Journal of Information Technology in Civil Engineering and Architecture,2010,2(3):40–45.(in Chinese))
[25]尚彦军,王思敬,薛继洪,等.万家寨引黄工程泥灰岩段隧洞岩石掘进机(TBM)卡机事故工程地质分析和事故处理[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(3):293–298.(SHAN Yan-jun,WANG Si-jing,XUE Ji-hong,et al.A case study on TBM block in marls at connection works No.7 tunnel of Yellow River diversion project[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(3):293–298.(in Chinese))
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