1000 kV电力变压器的抗震性能
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摘要
为得到特高压电力变压器的地震响应,以特高压工程中常用的1台1000 kV电力变压器为对象,建立了有限元模型。有限元分析得到了1 000 kV变压器的模态特性和地震响应。发现地震作用中电力变压器箱体与侧壁上L形升高座之间有强烈的动力相互作用效应,这种动力相互作用放大了安装在L形升高座上的1 100 kV套管受到的地震作用。为了减小这种动力相互作用影响,用3种方式加固1 000 kV变压器箱体侧壁上的L形升高座,分析比较了不同加固方式对1 000 kV变压器抗震性能的影响。与未加固的变压器相比,安装在加固的L形升高座上的1 100 kV套管基本振动频率最大增大60%,在幅值0.3g标准地震作用下的1 100 kV套管顶部的最大位移和加速度最大分别减小75%和35%,1100kV套管根部的剪力和弯矩响应最大分别减小40%和30%。加固1000kV变压器箱体侧壁上的L形升高座是一种简单有效提高变压器抗震性能的措施。
In order to evaluate seismic response of ultra-high voltage(UHV) power transformers, a finite element model was developed for a 1 000 kV power transformer, whose type transformer is commonly used in UHV transmission and transformation projects. Modal characteristics and seismic response of the 1 000 kV transformer were obtained through the finite element analysis. There is a strong dynamic interaction between the 1 000 kV transformer tank and L-shaped turret under earthquake action, and this type dynamic interaction magnifies the earthquake motions for the 1 100 k V bushing mounted on the top of the L-type turret. To reduce the effect of the dynamic interaction on the seismic response of the 1 100 kV bushing, three seismic strengthening methods were used to reinforce the L-type turret, and effects of the reinforcement types on the seismic response of the 1 000 kV transformer were compared. Compared to the un-reinforced 1 000 kV transformer, the maximum natural vibration frequencies of 1 100 kV mounted on the reinforced L-type turret increased by 60%, the maximum relative displacement and acceleration responses at the top of the 1 100 kV bushing reduced by 75% and 35%,and the maximum shear force and bending moment response at the base of the 1 100 k V of bushing decreased most by 40% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the reinforcement of the L-type turret installed on the transformer tank sidewall is a simple and effective measure to enhance seismic performance of 1 000 kV transformers.
In order to evaluate seismic response of ultra-high voltage(UHV) power transformers, a finite element model was developed for a 1 000 kV power transformer, whose type transformer is commonly used in UHV transmission and transformation projects. Modal characteristics and seismic response of the 1 000 kV transformer were obtained through the finite element analysis. There is a strong dynamic interaction between the 1 000 kV transformer tank and L-shaped turret under earthquake action, and this type dynamic interaction magnifies the earthquake motions for the 1 100 k V bushing mounted on the top of the L-type turret. To reduce the effect of the dynamic interaction on the seismic response of the 1 100 kV bushing, three seismic strengthening methods were used to reinforce the L-type turret, and effects of the reinforcement types on the seismic response of the 1 000 kV transformer were compared. Compared to the un-reinforced 1 000 kV transformer, the maximum natural vibration frequencies of 1 100 kV mounted on the reinforced L-type turret increased by 60%, the maximum relative displacement and acceleration responses at the top of the 1 100 kV bushing reduced by 75% and 35%,and the maximum shear force and bending moment response at the base of the 1 100 k V of bushing decreased most by 40% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the reinforcement of the L-type turret installed on the transformer tank sidewall is a simple and effective measure to enhance seismic performance of 1 000 kV transformers.
引文
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[17]KOLIOU M,FILIATRAULT M,REINHORN A.Seismic response of high-voltage transformer-bushing systems incorporating flexural stiffeners II:experimental study[J].Earthquake Spectra,2013,29(4):1353-1367.
[18]MA G L,XIE Q,WHITTAKER A.Dynamic interaction of high voltage power transformer bushings,turrets and tanks[J].Earthquake Spectra,2018,34(1):397-421.
[19]马国梁,廖德芳,何畅,等.1 100 kV变压器套管抗震性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2033-2041.MA Guoliang,LIAO Defang,HE Chang,et al.Seismic performance of a 1 100 kV transformer bushing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2033-2041.
[20]谢强,何畅,杨振宇,等.1 100 kV特高压变压器瓷套管地震作用破坏试验与分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3154-3162.XIE Qiang,HE Chang,YANG Zhenyu,et al.Tests and analyses on failure mechanism of 1 100 kV transformer porcelain bushing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3154-3162.
[21]孙宇晗,程永峰,卢智成,等.1 100 kV复合外绝缘套管地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3224-3230.SUN Yuhan,CHENG Yongfeng,LU Zhicheng,et al.Study on earthquake simulation shaking table test of 1 100 kV composite external insulation bushing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3224-3230.
[22]BAQUS A.Abaqus/CAE user’s manual(version 6.10)[M].Providence,USA:Dassault Systemes SIMULIA Corp,2010.
[23]中国电力科学研究院.特高压主变(高抗)套管和GIS套管抗震试验技术初步研究报告[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014.China Electric Power Research Institute.Preliminary research report on seismically experimental techniques for UHV main transformer(reactor)and GIS bushings[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014.
[24]特高压瓷绝缘电气设备抗震设计及减震安装与维护技术规程:Q/GDW 11132-2013[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.Technical specification for seismic design of ultra-high voltage porcelain insulating equipment and installation/maintenance to energy dissipation devices:Q/GDW 11132-2013[S].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2014.
[25]电力设施抗震设计规范:GB 50260-2013[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.Code for design of seismic of electrical installations:GB50260-2013[S].Beijing,China:China Planning Press,2013.
[26]Bushings-seismic qualification:IEC TS 61463[S],2000.
[27]Recommended practice for seismic design of substations:IEEE Standard 693-2005[S].New York,USA:IEEE,2006.
[2]XIE Q,ZHU R Y.Damage to electric power grid infrastructure caused by natural disasters in china-earthquake,wind and ice[J].IEEE Power and Energy Magazine,2011,9(2):28-36.
[3]JOHNSON F,ILIEV K.Earthquake effects on SDG&E’s 500/230 kVimperial valley substation[C]∥2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.San Diego,USA:IEEE,2012:1-2.
[4]EVANS N L,MCGHIE C.The performance of lifeline utilities following the 27th February 2010 Male Earthquake Chile[C]∥Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Building an Earthquake-Resilient Society.Auckland,New Zealand:[s.n.],2011:36-43.
[5]GOODNO B J,GOULD N C,CALDWELL P,et al.Effects of the January 2010 Haitian earthquake on selected electrical equipment[J].Earthquake Spectra,2011,27(Supplement 1):251-276.
[6]EIDINGER J,TANG A.Christchurch,New Zealand earthquake sequence of MW7.1 September 04,2010,MW 6.3 February 22,2011,Mw6.0 June 13,2011:Lifelines performance[R].Reston,USA:ASCETechnical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,2012.
[7]KWASINSKI A,EIDINGER J,TANG A,et al.Performance of electric power systems in the 2010-2011 Christchurch,New Zealand,earthquake sequence[J].Earthquake Spectra,2014,30(1):205-230.
[8]EIDINGER J,DAVIS C,TANG A,et al.M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake March 11 2011 performance of water and power systems[R].Oakland,USA:G&E Engineering Systems Incorporated,2012.
[9]尤红兵,赵凤新.芦山7.0级地震及电力设施破坏原因分析[J].电力建设,2013,34(8):100-104.YOU Hongbing,ZHAO Fengxin.M7.0 earthquake in Lushan and damage cause analysis of power facilities[J].Electric Power Construction,2013,34(8):100-104.
[10]邱宁,程永峰,钟珉,等.1 000 kV特高压交流电气设备抗震研究与展望[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1732-1739.QIU Ning,CHENG Yongfeng,ZHONG Min,et al.Progress and prospect in seismic research of 1 000 kV UHV AC electrical equipment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1732-1739.
[11]程永峰,朱祝兵,邱宁.特高压电气设备抗震试验共振拍波适用性及合理地震动输入研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1753-1759.CHENG Yongfeng,ZHU Zhubing,QIU Ning,et al.Research of resonance beat wave applicability and reasonable seismic input used in seismic test of UHV electrical equipment[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1753-1759.
[12]VILLAVERDE R,PARDOEN G C,CARNALLA S.Ground motion amplification at the flange level of bushings mounted on electric substation transformers[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(5):621-632.
[13]FILIATRAULT A,MATT H.Experimental seismic response of high-voltage transformer-bushing systems[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(4):1009-1025.
[14]曹枚根,周福霖,谭平,等.大型电力变压器及套管振动台抗震试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(11):122-129.CAO Meigen,ZHOU Fulin,TAN Ping,et al.Shaking table test on seismic performance of large power transformer with bushings[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(11):122-129.
[15]朱瑞元,陈迪,谢强.仿真变压器-套管体系振动台试验研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2830-2837.ZHU Ruiyuan,CHEN Di,XIE Qiang.Shaking table tests of mock transformer-bushing system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2830-2837.
[16]KOLIOU M,FILIATRAULT M,REINHORN A.Seismic response of high-voltage transformer-bushing systems incorporating flexural stiffeners I:numerical study[J].Earthquake Spectra,2013,29(4):1335-1352.
[17]KOLIOU M,FILIATRAULT M,REINHORN A.Seismic response of high-voltage transformer-bushing systems incorporating flexural stiffeners II:experimental study[J].Earthquake Spectra,2013,29(4):1353-1367.
[18]MA G L,XIE Q,WHITTAKER A.Dynamic interaction of high voltage power transformer bushings,turrets and tanks[J].Earthquake Spectra,2018,34(1):397-421.
[19]马国梁,廖德芳,何畅,等.1 100 kV变压器套管抗震性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):2033-2041.MA Guoliang,LIAO Defang,HE Chang,et al.Seismic performance of a 1 100 kV transformer bushing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):2033-2041.
[20]谢强,何畅,杨振宇,等.1 100 kV特高压变压器瓷套管地震作用破坏试验与分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3154-3162.XIE Qiang,HE Chang,YANG Zhenyu,et al.Tests and analyses on failure mechanism of 1 100 kV transformer porcelain bushing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3154-3162.
[21]孙宇晗,程永峰,卢智成,等.1 100 kV复合外绝缘套管地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3224-3230.SUN Yuhan,CHENG Yongfeng,LU Zhicheng,et al.Study on earthquake simulation shaking table test of 1 100 kV composite external insulation bushing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3224-3230.
[22]BAQUS A.Abaqus/CAE user’s manual(version 6.10)[M].Providence,USA:Dassault Systemes SIMULIA Corp,2010.
[23]中国电力科学研究院.特高压主变(高抗)套管和GIS套管抗震试验技术初步研究报告[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014.China Electric Power Research Institute.Preliminary research report on seismically experimental techniques for UHV main transformer(reactor)and GIS bushings[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014.
[24]特高压瓷绝缘电气设备抗震设计及减震安装与维护技术规程:Q/GDW 11132-2013[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.Technical specification for seismic design of ultra-high voltage porcelain insulating equipment and installation/maintenance to energy dissipation devices:Q/GDW 11132-2013[S].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2014.
[25]电力设施抗震设计规范:GB 50260-2013[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.Code for design of seismic of electrical installations:GB50260-2013[S].Beijing,China:China Planning Press,2013.
[26]Bushings-seismic qualification:IEC TS 61463[S],2000.
[27]Recommended practice for seismic design of substations:IEEE Standard 693-2005[S].New York,USA:IEEE,2006.