未来中国特高压电网结构形态与电源组成相互关系分析
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摘要
基于中国电源和负荷分布的特点以及将来电源组成的变化,分析未来不同时期特高压电网结构形态与电源组成的相互关系,讨论未来中国特高压电网不同结构形态的适应性和安全性。结合中国间歇性电源不断增加和能源互联网发展趋势,展望2030年和2050年前后过渡期和远景中国特高压电网需要的结构形态,指出将来特高压直流电网安全运行所面临的严峻挑战,以及中国特高压电网结构形态的变化趋势和面临的关键技术问题。
The relationship between structural form of ultra-high voltage(UHV)power grid and power source in the future are analyzed based on the current distribution characteristics of power and load in China and the prospective change of power source composition.Further,the adaptability and security of different structural forms of UHV power grid in the future of China are discussed.Then,the UHV power grid structural forms in the transition period of 2030 and the prospect period of 2050 in China are prospected by combining with the continuous increase of China's intermittent power supply and the development trend of Energy Internet.As followed,the severe challenges for the safe operation of ultra-high voltage direct current(UHVDC)power grid in the future are pointed out,and the variation trend and key technical issues of UHV power grid structural forms in China are illustrated.
The relationship between structural form of ultra-high voltage(UHV)power grid and power source in the future are analyzed based on the current distribution characteristics of power and load in China and the prospective change of power source composition.Further,the adaptability and security of different structural forms of UHV power grid in the future of China are discussed.Then,the UHV power grid structural forms in the transition period of 2030 and the prospect period of 2050 in China are prospected by combining with the continuous increase of China's intermittent power supply and the development trend of Energy Internet.As followed,the severe challenges for the safe operation of ultra-high voltage direct current(UHVDC)power grid in the future are pointed out,and the variation trend and key technical issues of UHV power grid structural forms in China are illustrated.
引文
[1]刘振亚.中国电力与能源[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012:177-180.
[2]刘振亚,张启平.国家电网发展模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):1-10.LIU Zhenya,ZHANG Qiping.Study on the development mode of national power grid of China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):1-10.
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[9]李兴源.高压直流输电系统的运行和控制[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[10]KUNDER P.Power system stability and control[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:351-354.
[11]郭小江,汤涌,郭强,等.CIGRE多馈入直流短路比指标影响因素及机理[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(9):69-74.GUO Xiaojiang,TANG Yong,GUO Qiang,et al.Influence factors and theory for CIGRE MISCR index[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(9):69-74.
[12]杨海涛,吴国旸,宋新立,等.电力系统安全性[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016:169-171.
[13]YAN Huaguang,LI Bin,CHEN Songsong,et al.Future evolution of automated demand response system in smart grid for low-carbon economy[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2015,3(1):72-81.
[14]孙宏斌,郭庆来,潘昭光.能源互联网:理念、架构与前沿展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):1-8.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150701007.SUN Hongbin,GUO Qinglai,PAN Zhaoguang.Energy Internet:concept architecture and frontier outlook[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):1-8.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150701007.
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[17]KIRBY N M,XU L,LUCKETT M,et al.HVDC transmission for large offshore wind farms[J].Power Engineering Journal,2002,16(3):135-141.
[18]MEYER C,HOEING M,PETERSON A,et al.Control and design of DC grids for offshore wind farms[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007,43(6):1475-1482.
[19]温家良,吴锐,彭畅,等.直流电网在中国的应用前景分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):7-12.WEN Jialiang,WU Rui,PENG Chang,et al.Analysis of DC grid prospects in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(13):7-12.
[20]潘垣,尹项根,胡家兵,等.论基于柔直电网的西部风光能源集中开发与外送[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3621-3629.PAN Yuan,YIN Xianggen,HU Jiabing,et al.Centralized exploitation and large-scale delivery of wind and solar energies in west China based on flexible DC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3621-3629.
[21]TAHAHA K,KA S,TOKOYODA S,et al.HVDC circuit breakers for HVDC grid applications[C]//11th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission,February 10-12,2015,Birmingham,UK:9p.
[22]宋国兵,蔡新雷,高淑萍,等.VSC-HVDC频变参数电缆线路电流差动保护新原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):105-111.SONG Guobing,CAI Xinlei,GAO Shuping,et al.A new current differential protection principle of VSC-HVDC considering frequency-dependent characteristic of cable line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):105-111.
[23]马钊.直流断路器的研发现状及展望[J].智能电网,2013,1(1):12-16.MA Zhao.R&D status and prospects of HVDC circuit breakers[J].Smart Grid,2013,1(1):12-16.
[24]史宗谦,贾申利.高压直流断路器研究综述[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):1-9.SHI Zongqian,JIA Shenli.Research on high-voltage direct circuit breaker:a review[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):1-9.
[25]药韬,温家良,李金元,等.基于IGBT串联技术的混合式高压直流断路器方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2484-2489.YAO Tao,WEN Jialiang,LI Jinyuan,et al.A hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker design plan with series-connected IGBTs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2484-2489.
[26]国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究[R].2015.
[27]王耀华,焦冰琦,张富强,等.计及高比例可再生能源运行特性的中长期电力发展分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(21):9-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170612001.WAN Yaohua,JIAO Bingqi,ZHANG Fuqiang,et al.Medium and long-term electric power development considering operating characteristic[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(21):9-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170612001.
[28]杨海涛,吉平,刘晋雄,等.特高压网架方案功能和可靠性分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):1014-1022.YANG Haitao,JI Ping,LIU Jinxiong,et al.Analysis on the function and reliability of UHV grid-frame schemes[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):1014-1022.
[29]杨海涛,吉平,任远,等.特高压电网安全监控功能和技术需求分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3741-3748.YANG Haitao,JI Ping,REN Yuan,et al.Analysis on functional and technical requirements of UHV power grid security supervision and control[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3741-3748.
[30]杨海涛,张志强,赵强,等.交流750 kV、1 000 kV和直流±800kV输电系统安全性、可靠性和经济性研究[R].2004.
[31]中国国家能源局.关于推进“互联网+”智慧能源发展的指导意见[EB/OL].[2016-02-19].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2016-02/29/c_135141026.html.
[32]姚建国,高志远,杨胜春.能源互联网的认识和展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):9-14.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151101004.YAO Jianguo,GAO Zhiyuan,YANG Shengchun.Understanding and prospects of energy internet[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(23):9-14.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151101004.
[33]刘涤尘,彭思成,廖清芬.面向能源互联网的未来综合配电系统形态展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3023-3034.LIU Dichen,PENG Sicheng,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Outlook of future integrated distribution system morphology orienting to energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3023-3034.
[34]马钊,周孝信,尚宇炜,等.未来配电系统形态及发展趋势[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,36(6):1289-1298.MA Zhao,ZHOU Xiaoxin,SHANG Yuwei,et al.Form and development trend of future distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,36(6):1289-1298.
[35]于建成,王旭东,张东,等.面向多元能源互联的天津生态城智能电网创新示范区建设[J].电力建设,2015,36(11):58-63.YU Jiancheng,WANG Xudong,ZHANG Dong,et al.Innovation demonstration area construction of Tianjin eco-city smart grid facing multi energy interconnection[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(11):58-63.
[36]黄仁乐,蒲天骄,刘克文,等.城市能源互联网功能体系及应用方案设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):26-33.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141229010.HUANG Renle,PU Tianjiao,LIU Kewen,et al.Design of hierarchy and functions of regional energy internet and its demonstration applications[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):26-33.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141229010.
[37]周孝信,鲁宗相,刘应梅,等.中国未来电网的发展模式和关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):4999-5008.ZHOU Xiaoxin,LU Zongxiang,LIU Yingmei,et al.Development models and key technologies of future grid in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):4999-5008.
[2]刘振亚,张启平.国家电网发展模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):1-10.LIU Zhenya,ZHANG Qiping.Study on the development mode of national power grid of China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):1-10.
[3]曾辉,孙峰,李铁,等.澳大利亚“9·28”大停电事故分析及对中国启示[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):1-6.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120002.ZENG Hui,SUN Feng,LI Tie,et al.Analysis of“9·28”blackout in South Australia and its enlightenment to China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(13):1-6.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120002.
[4]BODGER P S,IRWIN G D,WODDFORD D A.Controlling harmonic instability of HVDC links connected to weak AC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1990,5(4):2039-2046.
[5]THALLAM R S.Review of the design and performance features of HVDC systems connected to low short circuit ratio AC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(4):2065-2073.
[6]魏星.交流系统强度对HVDC故障恢复特性影响的仿真分析[J].电力科学与工程,2007,23(3):24-26.WEI Xing.Simulation analysis of AC system strength on HVDC fault restoration characteristics[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2007,23(3):24-26.
[7]穆子龙,李兴源.交、直流输电系统相互影响引起的谐波不稳定问题[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(2):96-100.MU Zilong,LI Xingyuan.Harmonic instability caused by interactions between AC and DC transmission systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(2):96-100.
[8]KRISHAYYA P C S,ADAPA R,HOLM M,et al.IEEE guide for planning DC links terminating at AC locations having low short-circuit capacities[C]//CIGRE,1997,Paris,France.
[9]李兴源.高压直流输电系统的运行和控制[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[10]KUNDER P.Power system stability and control[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:351-354.
[11]郭小江,汤涌,郭强,等.CIGRE多馈入直流短路比指标影响因素及机理[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(9):69-74.GUO Xiaojiang,TANG Yong,GUO Qiang,et al.Influence factors and theory for CIGRE MISCR index[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(9):69-74.
[12]杨海涛,吴国旸,宋新立,等.电力系统安全性[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016:169-171.
[13]YAN Huaguang,LI Bin,CHEN Songsong,et al.Future evolution of automated demand response system in smart grid for low-carbon economy[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2015,3(1):72-81.
[14]孙宏斌,郭庆来,潘昭光.能源互联网:理念、架构与前沿展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):1-8.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150701007.SUN Hongbin,GUO Qinglai,PAN Zhaoguang.Energy Internet:concept architecture and frontier outlook[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):1-8.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150701007.
[15]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.TANG Guangfu,LUO Xiang,WEI Xiaoguang.Multi-terminal HVDC and DC-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):8-17.
[16]汤广福,贺之渊,庞辉.柔性直流输电工程技术研究、应用及发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):3-14.TANG Guangfu,HE Zhiyuan,PANG Hui.Research,application and development of VSC-HVDC engineering technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):3-14.
[17]KIRBY N M,XU L,LUCKETT M,et al.HVDC transmission for large offshore wind farms[J].Power Engineering Journal,2002,16(3):135-141.
[18]MEYER C,HOEING M,PETERSON A,et al.Control and design of DC grids for offshore wind farms[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007,43(6):1475-1482.
[19]温家良,吴锐,彭畅,等.直流电网在中国的应用前景分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):7-12.WEN Jialiang,WU Rui,PENG Chang,et al.Analysis of DC grid prospects in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(13):7-12.
[20]潘垣,尹项根,胡家兵,等.论基于柔直电网的西部风光能源集中开发与外送[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3621-3629.PAN Yuan,YIN Xianggen,HU Jiabing,et al.Centralized exploitation and large-scale delivery of wind and solar energies in west China based on flexible DC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3621-3629.
[21]TAHAHA K,KA S,TOKOYODA S,et al.HVDC circuit breakers for HVDC grid applications[C]//11th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission,February 10-12,2015,Birmingham,UK:9p.
[22]宋国兵,蔡新雷,高淑萍,等.VSC-HVDC频变参数电缆线路电流差动保护新原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):105-111.SONG Guobing,CAI Xinlei,GAO Shuping,et al.A new current differential protection principle of VSC-HVDC considering frequency-dependent characteristic of cable line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):105-111.
[23]马钊.直流断路器的研发现状及展望[J].智能电网,2013,1(1):12-16.MA Zhao.R&D status and prospects of HVDC circuit breakers[J].Smart Grid,2013,1(1):12-16.
[24]史宗谦,贾申利.高压直流断路器研究综述[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):1-9.SHI Zongqian,JIA Shenli.Research on high-voltage direct circuit breaker:a review[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):1-9.
[25]药韬,温家良,李金元,等.基于IGBT串联技术的混合式高压直流断路器方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2484-2489.YAO Tao,WEN Jialiang,LI Jinyuan,et al.A hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker design plan with series-connected IGBTs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2484-2489.
[26]国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究[R].2015.
[27]王耀华,焦冰琦,张富强,等.计及高比例可再生能源运行特性的中长期电力发展分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(21):9-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170612001.WAN Yaohua,JIAO Bingqi,ZHANG Fuqiang,et al.Medium and long-term electric power development considering operating characteristic[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(21):9-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170612001.
[28]杨海涛,吉平,刘晋雄,等.特高压网架方案功能和可靠性分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):1014-1022.YANG Haitao,JI Ping,LIU Jinxiong,et al.Analysis on the function and reliability of UHV grid-frame schemes[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):1014-1022.
[29]杨海涛,吉平,任远,等.特高压电网安全监控功能和技术需求分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3741-3748.YANG Haitao,JI Ping,REN Yuan,et al.Analysis on functional and technical requirements of UHV power grid security supervision and control[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3741-3748.
[30]杨海涛,张志强,赵强,等.交流750 kV、1 000 kV和直流±800kV输电系统安全性、可靠性和经济性研究[R].2004.
[31]中国国家能源局.关于推进“互联网+”智慧能源发展的指导意见[EB/OL].[2016-02-19].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2016-02/29/c_135141026.html.
[32]姚建国,高志远,杨胜春.能源互联网的认识和展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):9-14.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151101004.YAO Jianguo,GAO Zhiyuan,YANG Shengchun.Understanding and prospects of energy internet[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(23):9-14.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151101004.
[33]刘涤尘,彭思成,廖清芬.面向能源互联网的未来综合配电系统形态展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3023-3034.LIU Dichen,PENG Sicheng,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Outlook of future integrated distribution system morphology orienting to energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3023-3034.
[34]马钊,周孝信,尚宇炜,等.未来配电系统形态及发展趋势[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,36(6):1289-1298.MA Zhao,ZHOU Xiaoxin,SHANG Yuwei,et al.Form and development trend of future distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,36(6):1289-1298.
[35]于建成,王旭东,张东,等.面向多元能源互联的天津生态城智能电网创新示范区建设[J].电力建设,2015,36(11):58-63.YU Jiancheng,WANG Xudong,ZHANG Dong,et al.Innovation demonstration area construction of Tianjin eco-city smart grid facing multi energy interconnection[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(11):58-63.
[36]黄仁乐,蒲天骄,刘克文,等.城市能源互联网功能体系及应用方案设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):26-33.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141229010.HUANG Renle,PU Tianjiao,LIU Kewen,et al.Design of hierarchy and functions of regional energy internet and its demonstration applications[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):26-33.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141229010.
[37]周孝信,鲁宗相,刘应梅,等.中国未来电网的发展模式和关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):4999-5008.ZHOU Xiaoxin,LU Zongxiang,LIU Yingmei,et al.Development models and key technologies of future grid in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):4999-5008.