H13钢QPQ处理工艺及耐磨性
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摘要
目的研究540℃氮化温度下,QPQ处理对H13钢耐磨性的影响并选出最优氮化时间。方法通过SEM、EDS、XRD分别测试了H13钢QPQ处理后渗层微观组织形貌、成分分布以及物相组成。采用HVS-1000显微硬度计、MFFT-R4000高速往复摩擦磨损试验,分别对H13钢基体与540℃下不同氮化时间QPQ处理试样的渗层厚度、硬度分布、耐磨性进行了分析研究。结果 QPQ处理后,H13钢由表面向心部依次形成均匀致密的Fe_3O_4氧化膜、高硬度的ε-Fe_3N和CrN化合物层、α-Fe和Cr_2N稳定扩散层。N原子均匀分布于渗层内部。显微硬度沿截面均呈良好梯度分布。在540℃×4 h氮化工艺下,渗层次表层硬度达到最大值(1173HV0.1),是基体(498HV0.1)的2.4倍左右,磨损量仅为基体的1/13。H13钢磨损表面存在严重犁沟效应与大量磨屑,表现为典型的磨粒磨损伴随少量粘着磨损。而QPQ处理试样磨损表面仅存在少量浅显划痕,并伴随轻微结疤状凹坑,为粘着磨损。结论经QPQ处理,H13钢的耐磨性得到了显著提高,其中氮化工艺为540℃×4 h时所得的性能最优。
The work aims to study effects of QPQ treatment on wear resistance of H13 steel at the nitridation temperature of 540 ℃. The microstructure morphology, composition distribution and phase composition of H13 steel subject to treatment were tested with SEM, EDS and XRD respectively. HVS-1000 microhardness tester and MFFT-R4000 high speed-reciprocated-wear experiment were used to analyze and study nitride layer thickness, microhardness distribution and wear resistance of H13 steel substrate and samples subject to QPQ treatment for different nitridation duration at 540 ℃. After the QPQ treatment, the uniform and dense(Fe_3O_4) oxide film, extreme hard ε-Fe_3N and CrN compound layer as well as α-Fe and Cr_2N stable diffusion layer were formed successively on H13 steel from the surface to center. N atoms were uniformly distributed inside. The microhardness had favorable gradient distribution along the cross section. Provided with the nitridation process of 540 ℃×4 h, subsurface microhardness of the layer reached the peak(1173HV0.1), 2.4 times higher than that of substrate(498HV0.1). Weight loss was only 1/13 of that of QPQ specimen. Serious plowing effect and plenty of wear debris, appearing to be typical abrasive wear accompanied with slight adhesive wear, were present on wear surface of H13 steel. Only adhesive wear appearing to be slight shallow scratches accompanied with few scar pits was present in the wear surface of QPQ treatment sample. After QPQ treatment, wear resistance of H13 steel is improved significantly, optimal performance is provided with nitridation process of 540℃×4 h.
The work aims to study effects of QPQ treatment on wear resistance of H13 steel at the nitridation temperature of 540 ℃. The microstructure morphology, composition distribution and phase composition of H13 steel subject to treatment were tested with SEM, EDS and XRD respectively. HVS-1000 microhardness tester and MFFT-R4000 high speed-reciprocated-wear experiment were used to analyze and study nitride layer thickness, microhardness distribution and wear resistance of H13 steel substrate and samples subject to QPQ treatment for different nitridation duration at 540 ℃. After the QPQ treatment, the uniform and dense(Fe_3O_4) oxide film, extreme hard ε-Fe_3N and CrN compound layer as well as α-Fe and Cr_2N stable diffusion layer were formed successively on H13 steel from the surface to center. N atoms were uniformly distributed inside. The microhardness had favorable gradient distribution along the cross section. Provided with the nitridation process of 540 ℃×4 h, subsurface microhardness of the layer reached the peak(1173HV0.1), 2.4 times higher than that of substrate(498HV0.1). Weight loss was only 1/13 of that of QPQ specimen. Serious plowing effect and plenty of wear debris, appearing to be typical abrasive wear accompanied with slight adhesive wear, were present on wear surface of H13 steel. Only adhesive wear appearing to be slight shallow scratches accompanied with few scar pits was present in the wear surface of QPQ treatment sample. After QPQ treatment, wear resistance of H13 steel is improved significantly, optimal performance is provided with nitridation process of 540℃×4 h.
引文
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[18]李兆祥,向红亮,刘东.渗N时间对SAF2906双相不锈钢渗层组织与耐磨性的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(9):909—913.LI Zhao-xiang,XIANG Hong-liang,LIU Dong.Effect of Infiltration N Time on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of SAF2906 Duplex Stainless Steel[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2014,34(9):909—913.
[2]庞祖高,雷声远,韦春萍.预渗处理对H13钢盐浴多元共渗行为的影响[J].表面技术,2011,40(2):15—17.PANG Zu-gao,LEI Sheng-yuan,WEI Chun-ping.Effects of Pre-infiltration Treatments on H13 Steel Salt-bath Multi-elements Penetrating Behavior[J].Surface Technology,2011,40(2):15—17.
[3]KARAMBOIKI C M,MOURLAS A,PSYLLAKI P,et al.Influence of Microstructure on the Sliding Wear Behavior of Nitrocarburized Tool Steels[J].Wear,2013,303:560—568.
[4]叶四友,刘建永,杨伟.H13钢表面激光熔覆H13合金涂层质量研究[J].表面技术,2015,44(8):81—85.YE Si-you,LIU Jian-yong,YANG Wei.Quality of H13Alloy Coating on H13 Steel Prepared by Laser Cladding[J].Surface Technology,2015,44(8):81—85.
[5]刘子芳,李呼梅,商卫东.铸铁件表面防腐新工艺应用研究[J].航天制造技术,2013,8(4):28—31.LIU Zi-fang,LI Hu-mei,SHANG Wei-dong.Application Research on a New Anti-surface-corrosion Process for the Iron-casting[J].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2013,8(4):28—31.
[6]王啸,吴从跃,孙梦龙.碳氮共渗温度对45钢组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2014,39(8):92—95.WANG Xiao,WU Cong-yue,SUN Meng-long.Effect of Nitrocarburizing Temperature during QPQ Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of 45 Steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(8):92—95.
[7]周鼎华.QPQ处理工艺及其质量控制[J].热处理技术与装备,2006,27(1):28—30.ZHOU Ding-hua.QPQ Technology and Quality Control[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2006,27(1):28—30.
[8]WANG K,LUO D F,ZHANG L.Research on Fast Nitriding by Direct Current Field Base on the Deeplayer QPQ Technology[J].Physics Procedia,2013,50:113—119.
[9]王嵘.QPQ处理技术在枪械上的应用[J].新技术与新工艺,2008(7):68—71.WANG Rong.Application of QPQ Technology on Light[J].New Technology&New Process,2008(7):68—71.
[10]罗德福,李惠友.QPQ技术的现状和展望[J].金属热处理,2004,29(1):38—43.LUO De-fu,LI Hui-you.Current Situation and Prospect of QPQ Technology[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2004,29(1):38—43.
[11]李兆祥,向红亮.QPQ技术的研究现状及展望[J].铸造技术,2013,34(3):293—296.LI Zhao-xiang,XIANG Hong-liang.Research Status and Prospect of QPQ Technology[J].Casting Technology,2013,34(3):293—296.
[12]付涛,赵程,罗厚杉,等.低温盐浴氮碳共渗304奥氏体不锈钢的结构与性能[J].金属热处理,2011,36(12):99—101.FU Tao,ZHAO Cheng,LUO Hou-shan,et al.Microstructure and Properties of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Treated by Low Temperature Salt Bath Nitrocarburing[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2011,36(12):99—101.
[13]蔡文雯,罗德福.深层QPQ工艺参数对3Cr13钢渗层组织的影响[J].材料热处理技术,2012,41(24):176—179.CAI Wen-wen,LUO De-fu.Effect of Deepth QPQ Process on Microstructure of 3Cr13 Steel[J].Material&Heat Treatment,2012,41(24):176—179.
[14]李惠友,罗德福,吴少旭.QPQ技术的原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:35—36.LI Hui-you,LUO De-fu,WU Shao-xu.Principle and Application of QPQ Technology[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2008:35—36.
[15]CAI W,MENG F N,GAO X Y,et al.Effect of QPQ Nitriding Time on Wear and Corrosion Behavior of 45 Carbon Steel[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,261:411—414.
[16]UU G Y,ZHR C Y,XIA S H,et al.Preparation of a Low Cost Carbon Nanotubes Field Electron Emission Thin Film and Its Initial Application Research[J].Diffusion and Defect Data,Part B:Solid State Data,Solid State Phenomena,1996(2):1041—1044.
[17]刘锦云,张书,周卫宁,等.QPQ表面疏松层纯磨损试验研究[J].西华大学学报,2012,31(4):19—23.LIU Jin-yun,ZHANG Shu,ZHOU Wei-ning,et al.Pure Wear Test on the Loosened Layer of QPQ Surface[J].Journal of Xihua University,2012,31(4):19—23.
[18]李兆祥,向红亮,刘东.渗N时间对SAF2906双相不锈钢渗层组织与耐磨性的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(9):909—913.LI Zhao-xiang,XIANG Hong-liang,LIU Dong.Effect of Infiltration N Time on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of SAF2906 Duplex Stainless Steel[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2014,34(9):909—913.