独立随机需求下共享剩余库存的双渠道订货与定价模型
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摘要
考虑由一个零售商经营的具有依赖于价格的独立随机需求的双渠道,在销售季节末当一渠道缺货时可分享另一渠道的剩余库存,研究了两个渠道各自的订货与定价决策问题,分别建立了不共享剩余库存和共享剩余库存时的双渠道纳什博弈模型。运用博弈论、最优化理论求解各种模型下存在纳什均衡解的条件、最优订货数量和最优定价。同时研究结论表明,针对价格或订货数量不易改变的产品,零售商实施共享剩余库存后应减少两渠道的订货数量或增加定价。通过数值分析验证上述模型、结论的有效性,并得到了零售商实施共享库存策略相对是占优策略的结论。
Considering a retailer's dual channels which face the independent and stochastic demands which depend on price,when a channel is stock out at the end of the selling season,it can share the other channel's leftovers.The two channels' ordering and pricing decision problems were studied,double channel Nash game models with sharing and non-sharing leftovers were established respectively.Game theory and optimization theory were used to solve the conditions for the existence of Nash equilibrium solutions of the optimal order quantity and the optimal pricing.When the retailer implements the sharing of the remaining inventory,for products whose price or order quantity is not easy to change,the order quantity of the two channels should be reduced or the pricing should be increased.The validity of the above models and conclusions is verified by numerical analysis,and it is concluded that the retailer's implementation of the shared inventory strategy is a dominant strategy.
Considering a retailer's dual channels which face the independent and stochastic demands which depend on price,when a channel is stock out at the end of the selling season,it can share the other channel's leftovers.The two channels' ordering and pricing decision problems were studied,double channel Nash game models with sharing and non-sharing leftovers were established respectively.Game theory and optimization theory were used to solve the conditions for the existence of Nash equilibrium solutions of the optimal order quantity and the optimal pricing.When the retailer implements the sharing of the remaining inventory,for products whose price or order quantity is not easy to change,the order quantity of the two channels should be reduced or the pricing should be increased.The validity of the above models and conclusions is verified by numerical analysis,and it is concluded that the retailer's implementation of the shared inventory strategy is a dominant strategy.
引文
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[19] 徐兵,刘露.信息搭便车下供应链订货与信息服务决策及协调研究[J].管理工程学报,2016,30(4):117-123.
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[21] 潘伟,汪寿阳,华国伟,等.实体店及其网上商店产品的动态定价及订货策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(2):236-212.
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[3] Chiang W K,Chhajed D,less J D.Direct marketing,indirect profits:A strategic analysis of dual-channel supply chain design[J].Management Science,2003,49(1):1-2.
[4] Tsay A A,Agrawal N.Chamel Conflict and Coordination in the E-Commerce Age[J].Production and Operations Management,2004,13(1):93-110.
[5] 但斌,徐广业,张旭梅.电子商务环境下双渠道供应链的补偿策略研究[J].管理工程学报,2012,26(1):125-129.
[6] 盛昭瀚,徐峰.地区差异化背景下制造商双渠道定价策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2010,13(6):1-10.
[7] 许传永,苟清龙,周垂日,等.两层双渠道供应链的定价问题[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(10):1741-1752.
[8] 陈军,赖信,许茂增.零售商开辟二级市场下双渠道供应链定价决策[J].系统工程学报,2013,28(6):786-794.
[9] 黄松,杨超.双渠道供应链中定价与合作广告决策模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(12):2683-2692.
[10] 申成然,熊中楷.网络比价行为下双渠道定价及协调策略研究[J].中国管理科学,2014,22(1):84-93.
[11] 陈云,王浣尘.互联网环境下双渠道零售商的定价策略研究[J].管理工程学报,2008,22(1):34-40.
[12] 王道平,谷春晓,张博卿.风险规避和信息不对称下双渠道供应链的定价决策研究[J].工业工程与管理,2016,21(4):20-34.
[13] 王虹,孙玉玲.制造商信息私有条件下的双渠道供应链定价决策[J].运筹与管理,2013,22(6):117-122.
[14] Xiao T,Shi J.Pricing and supply priority in a dual-channel supply chain[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2016,254(3):813-823.
[15] 李莉,何洁,赵杰.中小制造企业在线直销与传统分销双渠道定价决策研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(6):70-77.
[16] 经有国,张爱凤,秦开大.独立随机需求下共享剩余库存的双渠道订货模型[J].系统工程,2016,34(5):67-71.
[17] 赵秋红,朱少楠,李安楠.存在顾客购买转移的双分销渠道订货与库存转运策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014,34(6):1453-1461.
[18] 曲优,关志民,邱若臻,等.公平关切与损失规避对混合双渠道供应链订货策略的影响[J].管理学报,2017,14(1):129-138.
[19] 徐兵,刘露.信息搭便车下供应链订货与信息服务决策及协调研究[J].管理工程学报,2016,30(4):117-123.
[20] 王虹,周晶,孙玉玲.双渠道供应链的库存与定价策略研究[J].工业工程,2011,14(4):58-62.
[21] 潘伟,汪寿阳,华国伟,等.实体店及其网上商店产品的动态定价及订货策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(2):236-212.