福建省蓝莓病虫害调查
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摘要
【目的】全面了解福建省蓝莓栽培中的病虫害发生及为害情况,为福建省蓝莓病虫害的有效防控提供参考依据。【方法】通过踏查和定期定点调查相结合的方法,于2016-2018年对福建省的4个蓝莓种植基地病虫害发生情况进行了系统调查。【结果】福建省为害蓝莓的病虫害有23种,其中病害7种,包含2种生理性病害和5种侵染性病害,2种生理性病害分别是红叶病和黄叶病,5种侵染性病害分别是僵果病、枝枯病、炭疽病、灰霉病和休克病毒病,其中休克病毒病为我国新发病害;虫害16种,分属4个目11个科,分别为梨剑纹夜蛾、铜绿丽金龟、云尺蛾、日本龟蜡蚧、黄刺蛾、黑腹果蝇、斑翅果蝇、暗黑鳃金龟、舞毒蛾、桃蚜、盗毒蛾、斜纹夜蛾、扁刺蛾、星天牛、桃红茎天牛和越橘巢蛾;23种病虫害中仅枝枯病和果蝇中度发生,其余病虫害均轻度发生。【结论】福建省蓝莓病虫害为害水平整体较轻,未发现为害严重的病虫害,枝枯病和果蝇是目前的主要病虫害,应引起足够重视。根据2种主要病虫害的发生特点,提出相应的防治建议。
【Objective】 Insect infestation and diseases on the cultivated blueberry bushes in Fujian were investigated. 【Method】 A systematic survey and continued observation at 4 blueberry orchards in the province was conducted in 2016-2018 for the analysis. 【Result】Two physiological and 5 infectious distinctive diseases and 16 pest insects were identified. The physiological diseases included the red leaf and chlorosis; and,the infectious ones,the mummy berry,stem blight,anthracnose,gray mould and shock virus disease. The shock virus disease was newly found in China. The 16 pest insects identified were Acronycta rumicis,Anomala corpulenta,Buzura thibetaria,Ceroplastes japonicus,Cnidocampa flavescens,Drosophila melanogaster,Drosophila suzukii, Holotrichia parallela,Lymantria diaper,Myzus persicae, Porthesia similis,Spodoptera litura,Thosea sinensis, Anoplophora chinensis,Aromia bungii and Sardoscelis sphenias. They belonged to 11 families in 4 orders. The stem blight and Drosophila sp. induced a moderate damage to the blueberry bushes,while the remainders a mild harm. 【Conclusion】Overall,the insect infestation and diseases had been relatively mild without serious concerns for the orchards in Fujian. At present,only the stem blight disease and Drosophila sp. required special attention and warranted appropriate measures for prevention and control of a possible widespread epidemic.
【Objective】 Insect infestation and diseases on the cultivated blueberry bushes in Fujian were investigated. 【Method】 A systematic survey and continued observation at 4 blueberry orchards in the province was conducted in 2016-2018 for the analysis. 【Result】Two physiological and 5 infectious distinctive diseases and 16 pest insects were identified. The physiological diseases included the red leaf and chlorosis; and,the infectious ones,the mummy berry,stem blight,anthracnose,gray mould and shock virus disease. The shock virus disease was newly found in China. The 16 pest insects identified were Acronycta rumicis,Anomala corpulenta,Buzura thibetaria,Ceroplastes japonicus,Cnidocampa flavescens,Drosophila melanogaster,Drosophila suzukii, Holotrichia parallela,Lymantria diaper,Myzus persicae, Porthesia similis,Spodoptera litura,Thosea sinensis, Anoplophora chinensis,Aromia bungii and Sardoscelis sphenias. They belonged to 11 families in 4 orders. The stem blight and Drosophila sp. induced a moderate damage to the blueberry bushes,while the remainders a mild harm. 【Conclusion】Overall,the insect infestation and diseases had been relatively mild without serious concerns for the orchards in Fujian. At present,only the stem blight disease and Drosophila sp. required special attention and warranted appropriate measures for prevention and control of a possible widespread epidemic.
引文
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[13]余磊,赵建荣,RARISARA I,等.蓝莓枝枯病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2013,43(4):421-425.YU L,ZHAO J R,RARISARA I,et al.Identification of the pathogen causing twigs and stem diebact in blueberry[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinaca,2013,43(4):421-425.(in Chinese)
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[15]郑姗,陈则磊,张立杰,等.福建省蓝莓栽培技术及生产存在的主要问题[J].东南园艺,2013(6):39-41.ZHENG S,CHEN Z L,ZHANG L J,et al.Major problems in the cultivation and production of blueberry in Fujian province[J].Southeast Horticulture,2013(6):39-41.(in Chinese)
[16]李亚东.2018年度中国蓝莓产业分析报告[OL].(2019-01-08)[2019-01-17].mp.weixin.qq.Com LI Y D.China blueberry industry analysis report of 2018[OL].(2019-01-08)[2019-01-17].mp.weixin.qq.Com.(in Chinese)
[17]方中达.植病研究方法(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:122-145.FANG Z D.Research methods of plant disease(3rd edition) [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998:122-145.(in Chinese)
[18]吕佩珂,苏慧兰,高振江.草莓·蓝莓·树莓·黑莓病虫害防治原色图鉴[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014:55-59.Lü P K,SU H L,GAO Z J.Pest control primary color illustration of strawberry,blueberry,raspberry and blackberry[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014:55-59.(in Chinese)
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[20]岳清华,赵洪海,梁晨,等.蓝莓拟茎点枝枯病的病原[J].菌物学报,2013,32(6):959-966.YUE Q H,ZHAO H H,LIANG C,et al.The pathogen causing Phomopsis twig blight of blueberry[J].Mycosystema,2013,32(6):959-966.(in Chinese)
[21]赵洪海,岳清华,梁晨.蓝莓拟盘多毛孢枝枯病的病原菌[J].菌物学报,2014,33(3):577-583.ZHAO H H,YUE Q H,LIANG C.The pathogen causing Pestalotiopsis twig dieback of blueberry [J].Mycosystema,2014,33(3):577-583.(in Chinese)
[22]岳清华,高勇,廖甜甜,等.6种杀菌剂对5种蓝莓枝枯病病原菌的室内毒力测定[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(6):101-103.YUE Q H,GAO Y,LIAO T T,et al.Indoor toxicity test of six fungicides against five pathogens of blueberry twig dieback[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2015,47(6):101-103.(in Chinese)
[23]刘佩旋,郑雅楠,辛蓓.斑翅果蝇综合防治研究进展[J].中国果树,2016(4):61-66.LIU P X,ZHENG Y N,XIN B.Research advance in integrated control techniques of Drosophila suzukii[J].China Fruits,2016(4):61-66.(in Chinese)
[24]徐芳玲,谢莉华,龙培仲.不同引诱剂对蓝莓果蝇田间诱捕效果研究[J].中国南方果树,2012(6):66.XU F L,XIE L H,LONG P Z.Study on the effect of different attractants on the trapping of blueberry fruit fly in the field[J].South China Fruits,2012(6):66.(in Chinese)
[25]迟福梅,周宗山,张红军,等.美国蓝莓病毒病及病毒类似病害的发生与防治[J].中国果树,2010(1):13-15.CHI F M,ZHOU Z S,ZHANG H J,et al.Occurrence and control of blueberry viral disease and similar viruses in the United States[J].China Fruits,2010(1):13-15.(in Chinese)
[26]谢丽雪,郑姗,张立杰,等.蓝莓休克病毒IC-RT-nested PCR检测技术[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(22):4366-4374.XIE L X,ZHENG S,ZHANG L J,et al.Development of IC-RT-nested PCR for the detection of blueberry shock virus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(22):4366-4374.(in Chinese)
[2]顾姻,贺善安.蓝浆果与蔓越桔[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:5-10.GU Y,HE S A.Blueberry and cranberry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:5-10.(in Chinese)
[3]袁海滨,魏延弟,孙长东,等.长春地区蓝莓主要害虫种类及其种群发生动态[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(2):160-165.YUAN H B,WEI Y D,SUN C D,et al.Main pest species and their population dynamics of blueberry in Changchun district[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2015,37(2):160-165.(in Chinese)
[4]王辉,王鹏云,王蜀,等.我国蓝莓的发展现状及前景[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(2):250-253.WANG H,WANG P Y,WANG S,et al.Development status and prospect of blueberry in China[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2008,29(2):250-253.(in Chinese)
[5]高丽霞,肖化兰,李森,等.广东省蓝莓发展现状与展望[J].广东农业科学,2015(6):30-34.GAO L X,XIAO H L,LI S,et al.Development status and prospect of blueberry in Guangdong province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015(6):30-34.(in Chinese)
[6]吴思政,聂东伶,陈国华,等.蓝莓主要栽培技术及其在湖南省的发展前景[J].湖南林业科技,2012,39(5):135-138.WU S Z,NIE D L,CHEN G H,et al.The main cultivation techniques of Semen Trigonellae and its development prospects in Hunan province[J].Hunan Forestry Science Technology,2012,39(5):135-138.(in Chinese)
[7]任艳玲,田虹,王涛,等.出口蓝莓基地病虫害调查处报[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(6):1025-1029.REN Y L,TIAN H,WANG T,et al.Investigation on insect pests and diseases on export base of blueberry[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(6):1025-1029.(in Chinese)
[8]李加奎,戴秋怡,于绍凤,等.上海地区蓝莓病虫害发生情况与防治技术探讨[J].上海农业科技,2011(2):106-107.LI J K,DAI Q Y,YU S F,et al.Discussion on the occurrence and control techniques of blueberry pests and diseases in Shanghai[J].Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,2011(2):106-107.(in Chinese)
[9]王正文,黄胜先,金义兰,等.黔东南州有机蓝莓园病虫害发生情况调查[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(1):206-210,327.WANG Z W,HUANG S X,JIN Y L,et al.Diseases and pests occurrence of organic blueberry plantation in Qiandongnan[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(1):206-210,327.(in Chinese)
[10]杨燕林,和志娇,王朝文,等.云南蓝莓病虫害调查及防治方法[J].植物保护,2014,40(4):153-156.YANG Y L,HE Z J,WANG C W,et al.Investgation on insect pests and diseases on blueberry in Yunnan and their control research[J].Plant Protection,2014,40(4):153-156.(in Chinese)
[11]高海霞,赵洪海,姜慧铁,等.青岛地区蓝莓病虫害调查初报[J].中国园艺文摘,2009(12):62-65.GAO H X,ZHAO H H,JIANG H T,et al.The preliminary report of diseases and insect pests on blueberry in Qingdao[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2009(12):62-65.(in Chinese)
[12]窦连登,张红军,黄国辉,等.辽宁蓝莓病害的发生调查[J].中国果树,2009(2):64-65.DOU L D,ZHANG H J,HUANG G H,et al.Investigation on the occurrence of blueberry diseases in Liaoning[J].China Fruits,2009(2):64-65.(in Chinese)
[13]余磊,赵建荣,RARISARA I,等.蓝莓枝枯病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2013,43(4):421-425.YU L,ZHAO J R,RARISARA I,et al.Identification of the pathogen causing twigs and stem diebact in blueberry[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinaca,2013,43(4):421-425.(in Chinese)
[14]徐成楠.中国蓝莓枝枯病的病原学、分子检测及防治技术研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2016.XU C N.Etiology,molecular detection and control of blueberry stem blight in China[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[15]郑姗,陈则磊,张立杰,等.福建省蓝莓栽培技术及生产存在的主要问题[J].东南园艺,2013(6):39-41.ZHENG S,CHEN Z L,ZHANG L J,et al.Major problems in the cultivation and production of blueberry in Fujian province[J].Southeast Horticulture,2013(6):39-41.(in Chinese)
[16]李亚东.2018年度中国蓝莓产业分析报告[OL].(2019-01-08)[2019-01-17].mp.weixin.qq.Com LI Y D.China blueberry industry analysis report of 2018[OL].(2019-01-08)[2019-01-17].mp.weixin.qq.Com.(in Chinese)
[17]方中达.植病研究方法(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:122-145.FANG Z D.Research methods of plant disease(3rd edition) [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998:122-145.(in Chinese)
[18]吕佩珂,苏慧兰,高振江.草莓·蓝莓·树莓·黑莓病虫害防治原色图鉴[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014:55-59.Lü P K,SU H L,GAO Z J.Pest control primary color illustration of strawberry,blueberry,raspberry and blackberry[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014:55-59.(in Chinese)
[19]徐成楠,迟福梅,冀志蕊,等.蓝莓葡萄座腔菌枝枯病研究进展[J].中国果树,2014(5):71-74.XU C N,CHI F M,JI Z R,et al.Research advance in the blueberry stem blight by Botryosphaeria dothidea[J].China Fruits,2014(5):71-74.(in Chinese)
[20]岳清华,赵洪海,梁晨,等.蓝莓拟茎点枝枯病的病原[J].菌物学报,2013,32(6):959-966.YUE Q H,ZHAO H H,LIANG C,et al.The pathogen causing Phomopsis twig blight of blueberry[J].Mycosystema,2013,32(6):959-966.(in Chinese)
[21]赵洪海,岳清华,梁晨.蓝莓拟盘多毛孢枝枯病的病原菌[J].菌物学报,2014,33(3):577-583.ZHAO H H,YUE Q H,LIANG C.The pathogen causing Pestalotiopsis twig dieback of blueberry [J].Mycosystema,2014,33(3):577-583.(in Chinese)
[22]岳清华,高勇,廖甜甜,等.6种杀菌剂对5种蓝莓枝枯病病原菌的室内毒力测定[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(6):101-103.YUE Q H,GAO Y,LIAO T T,et al.Indoor toxicity test of six fungicides against five pathogens of blueberry twig dieback[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2015,47(6):101-103.(in Chinese)
[23]刘佩旋,郑雅楠,辛蓓.斑翅果蝇综合防治研究进展[J].中国果树,2016(4):61-66.LIU P X,ZHENG Y N,XIN B.Research advance in integrated control techniques of Drosophila suzukii[J].China Fruits,2016(4):61-66.(in Chinese)
[24]徐芳玲,谢莉华,龙培仲.不同引诱剂对蓝莓果蝇田间诱捕效果研究[J].中国南方果树,2012(6):66.XU F L,XIE L H,LONG P Z.Study on the effect of different attractants on the trapping of blueberry fruit fly in the field[J].South China Fruits,2012(6):66.(in Chinese)
[25]迟福梅,周宗山,张红军,等.美国蓝莓病毒病及病毒类似病害的发生与防治[J].中国果树,2010(1):13-15.CHI F M,ZHOU Z S,ZHANG H J,et al.Occurrence and control of blueberry viral disease and similar viruses in the United States[J].China Fruits,2010(1):13-15.(in Chinese)
[26]谢丽雪,郑姗,张立杰,等.蓝莓休克病毒IC-RT-nested PCR检测技术[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(22):4366-4374.XIE L X,ZHENG S,ZHANG L J,et al.Development of IC-RT-nested PCR for the detection of blueberry shock virus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(22):4366-4374.(in Chinese)