低蛋白饲粮对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶表达及氮排放的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究低蛋白饲粮对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化功能及氮排放的影响,探究低蛋白饲粮在仔猪生产中应用的可行性。试验选用18头三元杂(杜×长×大)28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。3个组为,对照组为20%粗蛋白(CP)饲粮组,17%CP和14%CP处理组,试验期25 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,(1)降低饲粮蛋白水平降低仔猪ADG及ADFI(P<0.05),14%CP组F/G增加且仔猪终体重(FBW)降低(P<0.05),而17%CP组十二指肠中肠肽酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶及葡萄糖酶以及空肠乳糖酶的基因表达丰度提高(P<0.05);14%CP组十二指肠中肠肽酶、乳糖酶及空肠中乳糖酶的基因表达提高(P<0.05),但空肠葡萄糖酶、淀粉酶等基因表达降低(P<0.05)。(3)14%CP组胰腺及胃粘膜消化酶基因表达丰度降低(P<0.05);而17%CP组胃粘膜胃蛋白酶A基因的表达提高(P<0.05),但胰腺消化酶基因的表达未受显著影响(P> 0.05)。(4)降低饲粮蛋白水平降低尿氮排放量及总氮排放量(P<0.05),降低6%粗蛋白水平降低氮摄入量(P<0.05)。因此,降低3%的粗蛋白水平的饲粮在仔猪生产中是可行的。
引文
[1]PENG X,HU L,LIU Y,et al. Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with indispensable amino acids on growth performance,intestinal morphology and immunological parameters in 13 to 35 kg pigs[J]. Animal,2016,10(11):1812-1820.
[2]田志梅,马现永,王丽,等.长期饲喂不同蛋白质水平饲粮对猪脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017(10):3761-3772.
[3]HTOO J K,SAUER W C,ZHANG Y,et al. The effect of feeding low-phytate barley-soybean meal diets differing in protein content to growing pigs on the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):700-705.
[4]Le BELLEGO L,van MILGEN J,NOBLET J. Effect of high temperature and low-protein diets on the performance of growingfinishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):691-701.
[5]COURTOIS P,MEURIS S,SENER A,et al. Invertase,maltase,lactase,and peroxidase activities in duodenum of BB rats[J].Endocrine,2002,19(3):293-300.
[6]BIKKER P,DIRKZWAGER A,FLEDDERUS J,et al. The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(12):3337-3345.
[7]YUE L Y,QIAO S Y. Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning[J].Livestock Science,2008,115(2):144-152.
[8]PINHEIRO D F,PACHECO P D,ALVARENGA P V,et al.Maternal protein restriction affects gene expression and enzyme activity of intestinal disaccharidases in adult rat offspring[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research,2013,46(3):287-292.
[9]TIAN Z M,MA X Y,YANG X F,et al. Influence of low protein diets on gene expression of digestive enzymes and hormone secretion in the gastrointestinal tract of young weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2016,17(10):742-751.
[10]LERAY V,SEGAIN J P,CHERBUT C,et al. Adaptation to low-protein diet increases inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK[J]. Peptides,2003,24(12):1929-1934.
[11]GREEN G M, LEVAN V H, LIDDLE R A. Plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic growth during adaptation to dietary protein[J]. American Journal of Physiolgoy,1986,251(1 Pt 1):G70-G74.
[12]HARA H,OHYAMA S,HIRA T. Endogenous cholecystokinin plays a role in down-regulation of pancreatic amylase independent of dietary carbohydrate in rats[J]. Regulatory Peptides,2001,99(2):103-110.
[13]WILLIAMS J A. Intracellular signaling mechanisms activated by cholecystokinin-regulating synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells[J]. Annual Review of Physiology,2001,63:77-97.
[14]HERMES R G,MOLIST F,YWAZAKI M,et al. Effect of dietary level of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(11):3569-3577.
[15]HTOO J K,SAUER W C,ZHANG Y,et al. The effect of feeding low-phytate barley-soybean meal diets differing in protein content to growing pigs on the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):700-705.
[16]ZERVAS S,ZIJLSTRA R T. Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(12):3247-3256.
[17]LYNCH M B,SWEENEY T,CALLAN B F J,et al. The effect of high and low dietary crude protein and inulin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora and manure ammonia emissions from finisher pigs[J].Animal,2007,1(8):1112-1121.
[2]田志梅,马现永,王丽,等.长期饲喂不同蛋白质水平饲粮对猪脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017(10):3761-3772.
[3]HTOO J K,SAUER W C,ZHANG Y,et al. The effect of feeding low-phytate barley-soybean meal diets differing in protein content to growing pigs on the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):700-705.
[4]Le BELLEGO L,van MILGEN J,NOBLET J. Effect of high temperature and low-protein diets on the performance of growingfinishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):691-701.
[5]COURTOIS P,MEURIS S,SENER A,et al. Invertase,maltase,lactase,and peroxidase activities in duodenum of BB rats[J].Endocrine,2002,19(3):293-300.
[6]BIKKER P,DIRKZWAGER A,FLEDDERUS J,et al. The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(12):3337-3345.
[7]YUE L Y,QIAO S Y. Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning[J].Livestock Science,2008,115(2):144-152.
[8]PINHEIRO D F,PACHECO P D,ALVARENGA P V,et al.Maternal protein restriction affects gene expression and enzyme activity of intestinal disaccharidases in adult rat offspring[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research,2013,46(3):287-292.
[9]TIAN Z M,MA X Y,YANG X F,et al. Influence of low protein diets on gene expression of digestive enzymes and hormone secretion in the gastrointestinal tract of young weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2016,17(10):742-751.
[10]LERAY V,SEGAIN J P,CHERBUT C,et al. Adaptation to low-protein diet increases inhibition of gastric emptying by CCK[J]. Peptides,2003,24(12):1929-1934.
[11]GREEN G M, LEVAN V H, LIDDLE R A. Plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic growth during adaptation to dietary protein[J]. American Journal of Physiolgoy,1986,251(1 Pt 1):G70-G74.
[12]HARA H,OHYAMA S,HIRA T. Endogenous cholecystokinin plays a role in down-regulation of pancreatic amylase independent of dietary carbohydrate in rats[J]. Regulatory Peptides,2001,99(2):103-110.
[13]WILLIAMS J A. Intracellular signaling mechanisms activated by cholecystokinin-regulating synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells[J]. Annual Review of Physiology,2001,63:77-97.
[14]HERMES R G,MOLIST F,YWAZAKI M,et al. Effect of dietary level of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(11):3569-3577.
[15]HTOO J K,SAUER W C,ZHANG Y,et al. The effect of feeding low-phytate barley-soybean meal diets differing in protein content to growing pigs on the excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):700-705.
[16]ZERVAS S,ZIJLSTRA R T. Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(12):3247-3256.
[17]LYNCH M B,SWEENEY T,CALLAN B F J,et al. The effect of high and low dietary crude protein and inulin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, intestinal microflora and manure ammonia emissions from finisher pigs[J].Animal,2007,1(8):1112-1121.