基于红外相机陷阱法的北京百花山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物的调查研究
|
摘要
为了调查北京百花山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物分布和活动规律,于2015年7月—2016年9月,铺设20台红外相机,共拍到有效照片3761张,其中兽类2813张,鸟类643张。鉴定出兽类14种(分属5目9科);鸟类39种(分属4目16科),其中4种兽类和8种鸟类是保护区新纪录。红外相机在不同的生境类型、海拔以及不同月份的拍摄率都不同,阔叶林的动物物种数和拍摄率远远高于其他生境类型;较低海拔(1150—1400 m)区域的拍摄率高于中间海拔(1400—1600 m)和较高海拔(1600—1800 m);动物集中在5—10月份活动,这几个月的拍摄率高于其他月份。而拍摄率与多样性指数往往不一致,阔叶林低于针叶林和灌木林;中间海拔最高,较低海拔最低。野生动物活动活跃的月份与旅游旺季在很大程度上是重合的,而野猪(Sus scrofa)、狗獾(Meles meles)、豹猫、猪獾和花面狸(Paguma larvata)这五种潜在危险动物,表现出明显的夜行性,对白天游客的威胁性不大,但存在潜在危险性。通过研究,有助于保护区制定相应的管控方案和建立危险预警机制。
To investigate the distribution and activity routines of wildlife along tourism routes in Beijing Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve,20 infra-red cameras were set during July 2015 to September 2016. There were a total of 3761 valid photos taken by the cameras,including 2813 mammal photos and 643 bird photos. We identified 14 species of mammals( belonging to 5 orders and 9 families) and 39 species of birds( belonging to 4 orders and 16 families); 4 species of mammals and 8 species of birds were newly recorded as being present in the reserve. As the capture rate changes with different habitat types,elevations,and months,the number of animal species and the capture rate of broad-leaved forest were much higher than those of other habitats. The capture rate in lower elevation(1150—1400 m) areas was higher than that in middle elevation(1400 —1600 m) and higher elevation areas(1600—1800 m). The capture rate was higher fromMay to October than in other months,as animals are most active during these months. The diversity rate differed from the capture rate,which was lower in broad-leaved forest than in coniferous forest and in shrub. The active months of wildlife coincide with the peak tourist season. The five potentially dangerous animals,wild boar( Sus scrofa),badger( Meles meles),ocelot,sand badger,and masked civet( Paguma larvata),do not usually harm visitors during the day according to their nocturnal habits. However,there are still potential dangers for tourists' personal safety. This research is helpful for the nature reserve to formulate corresponding control plans and to establish risk warning mechanisms.
To investigate the distribution and activity routines of wildlife along tourism routes in Beijing Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve,20 infra-red cameras were set during July 2015 to September 2016. There were a total of 3761 valid photos taken by the cameras,including 2813 mammal photos and 643 bird photos. We identified 14 species of mammals( belonging to 5 orders and 9 families) and 39 species of birds( belonging to 4 orders and 16 families); 4 species of mammals and 8 species of birds were newly recorded as being present in the reserve. As the capture rate changes with different habitat types,elevations,and months,the number of animal species and the capture rate of broad-leaved forest were much higher than those of other habitats. The capture rate in lower elevation(1150—1400 m) areas was higher than that in middle elevation(1400 —1600 m) and higher elevation areas(1600—1800 m). The capture rate was higher fromMay to October than in other months,as animals are most active during these months. The diversity rate differed from the capture rate,which was lower in broad-leaved forest than in coniferous forest and in shrub. The active months of wildlife coincide with the peak tourist season. The five potentially dangerous animals,wild boar( Sus scrofa),badger( Meles meles),ocelot,sand badger,and masked civet( Paguma larvata),do not usually harm visitors during the day according to their nocturnal habits. However,there are still potential dangers for tourists' personal safety. This research is helpful for the nature reserve to formulate corresponding control plans and to establish risk warning mechanisms.
引文
[1]环境保护部.2016年《中国环境状况公报》(摘录).环境保护,2017,(11):35-47.
[2]李兰兰,王静,石建斌.人与野猪冲突:现状、影响因素及管理建议.四川动物,2010,29(4):642-645,648-648.
[3]张鸣天,刘丙万,刘丹.吉林珲春地区野猪危害防控研究.动物学杂志,2015,50(6):821-829.
[4]肖永棠,陈华南.自然保护区开发旅游业对野生动物产生的影响分析.绿色科技,2011,(11):162-163.
[5]赵维娜.自然保护区生态旅游对野生动物的影响分析.南方农业,2015,9(33):176-177.
[6]邢韶华,赵勃,崔国发,王九中,郑万建.北京百花山草甸优势种的种间关联性分析.北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):46-51.
[7]O'Brien T G,Kinnaird M F,Wibisono H T.Crouching tigers,hidden prey:sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,2003,6(2):131-139.
[8]Rovero F,Martin E,Rosa M,Ahumada J A,Spitale D.Estimating species richness and modelling habitat preferences of tropical forest mammals from camera trap data.PLoS One,2014,9(7):e103300.
[9]汤小明,张德怀,马志红,吴同路,张源笙,鲍伟东.北京雾灵山自然保护区冬春季地面活动鸟兽红外相机初步调查.动物学杂志,2016,51(5):751-760.
[10]Liu X H,Wu P F,Songer M,Cai Q,He X B,Zhu Y,Shao X M.Monitoring wildlife abundance and diversity with infra-red camera traps in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province,China.Ecological Indicators,2013,33:121-128.
[11]Bhattacharya T,Bashir T,Poudyal K,Sathyakumar S,Saha G K.Distribution,occupancy and activity patterns of goral(Nemorhaedus goral)and serow(Capricornis thar)in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve,Sikkim,India.Mammal Study,2012,37(3):173-181.
[12]贾晓东,刘雪华,杨兴中,武鹏峰,Songer M,蔡琼,何祥博,朱云.利用红外相机技术分析秦岭有蹄类动物活动节律的季节性差异.生物多样性,2014,22(6):737-745.
[13]李广良,李迪强,薛亚东,王秀磊,杨敬元,余辉亮.利用红外相机研究神农架自然保护区野生动物分布规律.林业科学,2014,50(9):97-104.
[14]赵永健.北京自然保护区肇事野生动物红外相机初步监测[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[15]刘芳,李迪强,吴记贵.利用红外相机调查北京松山国家级自然保护区的野生动物物种.生态学报,2012,32(3):730-739.
[16]刘芳,宿秀江,李迪强,王本忠,张自亮.利用红外相机调查湖南高望界国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性.生物多样性,2014,22(6):779-784.
[17]沈洁滢,崔国发,刘润泽,曲宏,黄三祥,吴记贵,范雅倩.北京松山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物分布规律.北京林业大学学报,2016,38(7):71-80.
[18]于桂清,康祖杰,刘美斯,陈振法.邓忠次.利用红外相机对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性的初步调查.兽类学报,2018,38(1):104-112.
[19]李佳,刘芳,叶立新,刘胜龙,彭辉,李迪强.利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性.兽类学报,2018,38(1):95-103.
[20]章书声,郑方东,李佳琦,包其敏,赖家厚,程宏毅.基于红外相机技术对乌岩岭国家级自然保护区地面鸟兽的初步调查.生物多样性,2017,25(4):427-429.
[2]李兰兰,王静,石建斌.人与野猪冲突:现状、影响因素及管理建议.四川动物,2010,29(4):642-645,648-648.
[3]张鸣天,刘丙万,刘丹.吉林珲春地区野猪危害防控研究.动物学杂志,2015,50(6):821-829.
[4]肖永棠,陈华南.自然保护区开发旅游业对野生动物产生的影响分析.绿色科技,2011,(11):162-163.
[5]赵维娜.自然保护区生态旅游对野生动物的影响分析.南方农业,2015,9(33):176-177.
[6]邢韶华,赵勃,崔国发,王九中,郑万建.北京百花山草甸优势种的种间关联性分析.北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):46-51.
[7]O'Brien T G,Kinnaird M F,Wibisono H T.Crouching tigers,hidden prey:sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape.Animal Conservation,2003,6(2):131-139.
[8]Rovero F,Martin E,Rosa M,Ahumada J A,Spitale D.Estimating species richness and modelling habitat preferences of tropical forest mammals from camera trap data.PLoS One,2014,9(7):e103300.
[9]汤小明,张德怀,马志红,吴同路,张源笙,鲍伟东.北京雾灵山自然保护区冬春季地面活动鸟兽红外相机初步调查.动物学杂志,2016,51(5):751-760.
[10]Liu X H,Wu P F,Songer M,Cai Q,He X B,Zhu Y,Shao X M.Monitoring wildlife abundance and diversity with infra-red camera traps in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province,China.Ecological Indicators,2013,33:121-128.
[11]Bhattacharya T,Bashir T,Poudyal K,Sathyakumar S,Saha G K.Distribution,occupancy and activity patterns of goral(Nemorhaedus goral)and serow(Capricornis thar)in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve,Sikkim,India.Mammal Study,2012,37(3):173-181.
[12]贾晓东,刘雪华,杨兴中,武鹏峰,Songer M,蔡琼,何祥博,朱云.利用红外相机技术分析秦岭有蹄类动物活动节律的季节性差异.生物多样性,2014,22(6):737-745.
[13]李广良,李迪强,薛亚东,王秀磊,杨敬元,余辉亮.利用红外相机研究神农架自然保护区野生动物分布规律.林业科学,2014,50(9):97-104.
[14]赵永健.北京自然保护区肇事野生动物红外相机初步监测[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[15]刘芳,李迪强,吴记贵.利用红外相机调查北京松山国家级自然保护区的野生动物物种.生态学报,2012,32(3):730-739.
[16]刘芳,宿秀江,李迪强,王本忠,张自亮.利用红外相机调查湖南高望界国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性.生物多样性,2014,22(6):779-784.
[17]沈洁滢,崔国发,刘润泽,曲宏,黄三祥,吴记贵,范雅倩.北京松山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物分布规律.北京林业大学学报,2016,38(7):71-80.
[18]于桂清,康祖杰,刘美斯,陈振法.邓忠次.利用红外相机对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性的初步调查.兽类学报,2018,38(1):104-112.
[19]李佳,刘芳,叶立新,刘胜龙,彭辉,李迪强.利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性.兽类学报,2018,38(1):95-103.
[20]章书声,郑方东,李佳琦,包其敏,赖家厚,程宏毅.基于红外相机技术对乌岩岭国家级自然保护区地面鸟兽的初步调查.生物多样性,2017,25(4):427-429.