福建省戴云山野生哺乳动物和鸟类红外相机监测
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摘要
2017年2月至2018年3月,我们在福建省德化县戴云山国家级自然保护区和德化石牛山森林公园内设置红外相机监测位点60个,调查戴云山地区野生哺乳动物和鸟类生物多样性。本次调查累计19,924个相机工作日,拍摄到独立有效照片3,499张,可准确鉴定哺乳动物4目10科17属18种,鸟类5目11科21属24种,家畜3种。其中,国家I级重点保护野生动物2种,国家II级重点保护野生动物5种,且白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticusellioti)为戴云山自然保护区新记录种。在野生哺乳动物中,相对多度指数最高的前5种依次为小麂(Muntiacusreevesi)、野猪(Susscrofa)、赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris);在鸟类中,相对多度指数最高的前5种依次为白鹇(Lophura nythemera)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis)、白眉山鹧鸪(Arborophila gingica)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracica)。此外,红外相机还拍摄到大量的家畜及人类活动照片,显示区内存在较强的人为活动干扰。本次调查结果提供了较为全面的戴云山区哺乳动物和鸟类的本底信息,填补了闽中地区大中型哺乳动物观测的空白,为后续的保护管理和长期监测工作建立了基础。
To investigate the biodiversity of wild mammals and birds in Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve and Shiniushan Forest Park(located in Dehua County, Fujian Province), 60 camera-traps were established and monitored from February 2017 to March 2018. A total of 3,499 independent photographs were collected with a sampling effort of 19,924 camera-days. This effort identified 18 wild mammal species belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, and 17 genera; 24 wild bird species belonging to 5 orders, 11 families and 21 genera; and 3 domestic animal species. Two of the species are listed as Class I Nationally Protected Wildlife, and 5 species are listed as Class II. One new species, Syrmaticus ellioti, was recorded at the Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve. Based on the relative abundance index, the five most abundant wild mammal species are Muntiacus reevesi, Sus scrofa, Muntiacus vaginalis, Callosciurus erythraeus, Arctonyx collaris, and the five most abundant bird species are Lophura nythemera, Myophonus caeruleus, Garrulax pectoralis, Arborophila gingica, Bambusicola thoracica. In addition, the detection rates of poultry, livestock and local villagers were rather high, which indicates high levels of anthropogenic disturbance across the study area. The results of this study provide a comprehensive baseline of the wild mammals and birds in the Daiyunshan and Shiniushan areas, fill the gaps in the observations of large and medium-sized mammals in central Fujian Province, and establish the basis for follow-up protection management and long-term monitoring.
To investigate the biodiversity of wild mammals and birds in Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve and Shiniushan Forest Park(located in Dehua County, Fujian Province), 60 camera-traps were established and monitored from February 2017 to March 2018. A total of 3,499 independent photographs were collected with a sampling effort of 19,924 camera-days. This effort identified 18 wild mammal species belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, and 17 genera; 24 wild bird species belonging to 5 orders, 11 families and 21 genera; and 3 domestic animal species. Two of the species are listed as Class I Nationally Protected Wildlife, and 5 species are listed as Class II. One new species, Syrmaticus ellioti, was recorded at the Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve. Based on the relative abundance index, the five most abundant wild mammal species are Muntiacus reevesi, Sus scrofa, Muntiacus vaginalis, Callosciurus erythraeus, Arctonyx collaris, and the five most abundant bird species are Lophura nythemera, Myophonus caeruleus, Garrulax pectoralis, Arborophila gingica, Bambusicola thoracica. In addition, the detection rates of poultry, livestock and local villagers were rather high, which indicates high levels of anthropogenic disturbance across the study area. The results of this study provide a comprehensive baseline of the wild mammals and birds in the Daiyunshan and Shiniushan areas, fill the gaps in the observations of large and medium-sized mammals in central Fujian Province, and establish the basis for follow-up protection management and long-term monitoring.
引文
Bai DF,Chen Y,Li JS,Tao Q,Wang LF,Piao Y,Shi K(2018)Mammal diversity in Shangyong Nature Reserve,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.Biodiversity Science,26,75-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)[白德凤,陈颖,李俊松,陶庆,王利繁,飘优,时坤(2018)西双版纳尚勇自然保护区哺乳动物物种多样性.生物多样性,26,75-78.]
Cai YS,Gong YN,Lu XL,Xiao ZS,Wang XC(2016)Camera trap survey of mammal diversity in Nanling Forests.Ecological Science,35(2),57-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蔡玉生,龚粤宁,卢学理,肖治术,王新财(2016)南岭森林哺乳动物多样性的红外相机监测.生态科学,35(2),57-61.]
Chen W,Hu JC(2012)Seasonal differences in microhabitat use by tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve.Acta Theriologica Sinica,32,188-192.
Gao H,Ma ZQ,Teng LW,Liu ZS,Zhao C,Sun YJ,Guo ZH(2017)Tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)was discovered in the Liupan Mountain National Nature Reserve,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Chinese Journal of Zoology,52,1066-1068.(in Chinese with English abstract)[高惠,马忠其,滕丽微,刘振生,赵唱,孙玉姣,郭志宏(2017)宁夏回族自治区六盘山国家级自然保护区发现毛冠鹿.动物学杂志,52,1066-1068.]
Gordon CE,Feit A,Grüber J,Letnic M(2015)Mesopredator suppression by an apex predator alleviates the risk of predation perceived by small prey.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,282,1-8.
Jiang ZG,Liu SY,Wu Y,Jiang XL,Zhou KY(2017)China’s mammal diversity(2nd edition).Biodiversity Science,25,886-895.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,刘少英,吴毅,蒋学龙,周开亚(2017)中国哺乳动物多样性(第2版).生物多样性,25,886-895.]
Li J,Liu F,Ye LX,Liu SL,Peng H,Li DQ(2018)Camera-trapping survey of the diversity of mammals and birds in Fengyang Mountain of Zhejiang Province,China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38,95-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李佳,刘芳,叶立新,刘胜龙,彭辉,李迪强(2018)利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性.兽类学报,38,95-103.]
Li Q,Wu JG,Kou XJ,Feng LM(2013)Applications of camera trap in wildlife population ecology.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,24,947-955.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李勤,邬建国,寇晓军,冯利民(2013)相机陷阱在野生动物种群生态学中的应用.应用生态学报,24,947-955.]
Li S,Wang DJ,Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang TM,Feng LM,Wang Y(2014)Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:Review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22,685-695.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云(2014)红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22,685-695.]
Lin KM,Huang YQ,Chen WW,Xu JG,Hong LB,Chen B(2017)Community structure and biodiversity of summer birds in Dehua County.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,40(2),51-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)[林开淼,黄雅琼,陈文伟,徐建国,洪丽彬,陈斌(2017)德化县夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性调查.内蒙古林业调查设计,40(2),51-55.]
Lin P(2003)Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Report of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve in Fujian.Xiamen University Press,Xiamen.(in Chinese)[林鹏(2003)福建戴云山自然保护区综合科学考察报告.厦门大学出版社,厦门.]
Lu QB,Yu JA,Gao X,Yang XY,Zhou Q,Zhang LB,Zhang SY(2007)Winter habitat selection of Reeves’muntjac and wild boars in the Qingliangfeng Mountains.Acta Theriologica Sinica,27,45-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)[鲁庆彬,于江傲,高欣,杨仙玉,周圻,张良斌,章叔岩(2007)冬季清凉峰山区小麂和野猪的生境选择及差异.兽类学报,27,45-52.]
Shan XN,Shi YF,Zhang HJ,Xu CH,Li J,Zheng AL(2004)mt DNA sequences variability of Munliacus reevesi,M.muntjak and M.crinifrons as well as the related phylogenetic relationship.Chinese Journal of Zoology,39,35-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)[单祥年,施燕峰,张海军,徐春宏,李健,郑爱玲(2004)小麂、赤麂、黑麂mtDNA序列变异性及反映的进化关系.动物学杂志,39,35-39.]
Sheng HL,Lu HJ(1982)Distribution,habits and resource status of the tufted deer(Elaphodus cepholophus).Acta Zoologica Sinica,28,307-311.(in Chinese with English abstract)[盛和林,陆厚基(1982)毛冠鹿的分布、资源和习性.动物学报,28,307-311.]
Shi XG,Hu Q,Li JQ,Tang Z,Yang J,Li WJ,Shen XL,Li S(2017)Camera-trapping surveys of the mammal and bird diversity in Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Biodiversity Science,25,1131-1136.(in Chinese with English abstract)[施小刚,胡强,李佳琦,唐卓,杨建,李文静,申小莉,李晟(2017)利用红外相机调查四川卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性.生物多样性,25,1131-1136.]
Wang QS(1990)The Mammal Fauna of Anhui.Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House,Hefei.(in Chinese)[王岐山(1990)安徽兽类志.安徽科学技术出版社,合肥.]
Yang F,Hu SX,Wang JJ,Guo K,Jiang GS(2018)Spatial interaction among free-ranging ungulates by season at the microhabitat scale.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,39,224-230.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨帆,胡素贤,王晶晶,郭楷,姜广顺(2018)微生境尺度下有蹄类动物空间季节利用互作关系研究.野生动物学报,39,224-230.]
Zheng GM(2017)A List of Classification and Distribution of Birds in China,3rd edn.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[郑光美(2017)中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版).科学出版社,北京.]
Zhou DL(1997)A list of mammal species from Fujian,China.Wuyi Science Journal,13,256-261.(in Chinese with English abstract)[周冬良(1997)福建哺乳动物种类名录.武夷科学,13,256-261.]
(1)徐海根(2018)2017年全国生物多样性观测报告.见:生物多样性绿皮书, 52–53页.南京环境科学研究所,南京.
Cai YS,Gong YN,Lu XL,Xiao ZS,Wang XC(2016)Camera trap survey of mammal diversity in Nanling Forests.Ecological Science,35(2),57-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蔡玉生,龚粤宁,卢学理,肖治术,王新财(2016)南岭森林哺乳动物多样性的红外相机监测.生态科学,35(2),57-61.]
Chen W,Hu JC(2012)Seasonal differences in microhabitat use by tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve.Acta Theriologica Sinica,32,188-192.
Gao H,Ma ZQ,Teng LW,Liu ZS,Zhao C,Sun YJ,Guo ZH(2017)Tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)was discovered in the Liupan Mountain National Nature Reserve,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Chinese Journal of Zoology,52,1066-1068.(in Chinese with English abstract)[高惠,马忠其,滕丽微,刘振生,赵唱,孙玉姣,郭志宏(2017)宁夏回族自治区六盘山国家级自然保护区发现毛冠鹿.动物学杂志,52,1066-1068.]
Gordon CE,Feit A,Grüber J,Letnic M(2015)Mesopredator suppression by an apex predator alleviates the risk of predation perceived by small prey.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,282,1-8.
Jiang ZG,Liu SY,Wu Y,Jiang XL,Zhou KY(2017)China’s mammal diversity(2nd edition).Biodiversity Science,25,886-895.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,刘少英,吴毅,蒋学龙,周开亚(2017)中国哺乳动物多样性(第2版).生物多样性,25,886-895.]
Li J,Liu F,Ye LX,Liu SL,Peng H,Li DQ(2018)Camera-trapping survey of the diversity of mammals and birds in Fengyang Mountain of Zhejiang Province,China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38,95-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李佳,刘芳,叶立新,刘胜龙,彭辉,李迪强(2018)利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性.兽类学报,38,95-103.]
Li Q,Wu JG,Kou XJ,Feng LM(2013)Applications of camera trap in wildlife population ecology.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,24,947-955.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李勤,邬建国,寇晓军,冯利民(2013)相机陷阱在野生动物种群生态学中的应用.应用生态学报,24,947-955.]
Li S,Wang DJ,Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang TM,Feng LM,Wang Y(2014)Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:Review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22,685-695.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云(2014)红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22,685-695.]
Lin KM,Huang YQ,Chen WW,Xu JG,Hong LB,Chen B(2017)Community structure and biodiversity of summer birds in Dehua County.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,40(2),51-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)[林开淼,黄雅琼,陈文伟,徐建国,洪丽彬,陈斌(2017)德化县夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性调查.内蒙古林业调查设计,40(2),51-55.]
Lin P(2003)Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Report of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve in Fujian.Xiamen University Press,Xiamen.(in Chinese)[林鹏(2003)福建戴云山自然保护区综合科学考察报告.厦门大学出版社,厦门.]
Lu QB,Yu JA,Gao X,Yang XY,Zhou Q,Zhang LB,Zhang SY(2007)Winter habitat selection of Reeves’muntjac and wild boars in the Qingliangfeng Mountains.Acta Theriologica Sinica,27,45-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)[鲁庆彬,于江傲,高欣,杨仙玉,周圻,张良斌,章叔岩(2007)冬季清凉峰山区小麂和野猪的生境选择及差异.兽类学报,27,45-52.]
Shan XN,Shi YF,Zhang HJ,Xu CH,Li J,Zheng AL(2004)mt DNA sequences variability of Munliacus reevesi,M.muntjak and M.crinifrons as well as the related phylogenetic relationship.Chinese Journal of Zoology,39,35-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)[单祥年,施燕峰,张海军,徐春宏,李健,郑爱玲(2004)小麂、赤麂、黑麂mtDNA序列变异性及反映的进化关系.动物学杂志,39,35-39.]
Sheng HL,Lu HJ(1982)Distribution,habits and resource status of the tufted deer(Elaphodus cepholophus).Acta Zoologica Sinica,28,307-311.(in Chinese with English abstract)[盛和林,陆厚基(1982)毛冠鹿的分布、资源和习性.动物学报,28,307-311.]
Shi XG,Hu Q,Li JQ,Tang Z,Yang J,Li WJ,Shen XL,Li S(2017)Camera-trapping surveys of the mammal and bird diversity in Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Biodiversity Science,25,1131-1136.(in Chinese with English abstract)[施小刚,胡强,李佳琦,唐卓,杨建,李文静,申小莉,李晟(2017)利用红外相机调查四川卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性.生物多样性,25,1131-1136.]
Wang QS(1990)The Mammal Fauna of Anhui.Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House,Hefei.(in Chinese)[王岐山(1990)安徽兽类志.安徽科学技术出版社,合肥.]
Yang F,Hu SX,Wang JJ,Guo K,Jiang GS(2018)Spatial interaction among free-ranging ungulates by season at the microhabitat scale.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,39,224-230.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨帆,胡素贤,王晶晶,郭楷,姜广顺(2018)微生境尺度下有蹄类动物空间季节利用互作关系研究.野生动物学报,39,224-230.]
Zheng GM(2017)A List of Classification and Distribution of Birds in China,3rd edn.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[郑光美(2017)中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版).科学出版社,北京.]
Zhou DL(1997)A list of mammal species from Fujian,China.Wuyi Science Journal,13,256-261.(in Chinese with English abstract)[周冬良(1997)福建哺乳动物种类名录.武夷科学,13,256-261.]
(1)徐海根(2018)2017年全国生物多样性观测报告.见:生物多样性绿皮书, 52–53页.南京环境科学研究所,南京.