广西猫儿山主峰区巨砾非冰川成因的遥感地质地貌学解疑
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摘要
在被称为"华南第一峰"的猫儿山主峰区,散落着一些具有钝形外观的花岗岩巨砾。它们是否是冰川成因?探明这一现象具有多重意义。为此,笔者从遥感、地质学和地貌学角度开展了调查研究。基于TM、Quickbird-2及TM-DEM的多尺度多模式遥感地貌学解译表明,在猫儿山主峰部位不具备形成冰川漂砾的地貌环境条件。通过成山期与冰期年代对比,虽然猫儿山成山过程经历了第四纪冰期,但不能就此断定它形成了冰川,并导致巨型漂砾形成。对主峰基岩和巨砾的矿物岩石学特征比较表明,两者为同源关系,因此巨砾并非由远处搬来,而就是来自主峰的基岩。遥感线性构造解译表明,猫儿山花岗岩体中存在五组发育的断裂构造,它们造成了花岗岩岩体的内伤,是导致巨砾形成的重要内因。而强烈的物理与化学风化作用,加上陡峭地势的斜坡重力作用,是最终导致这些巨砾形成的重要外因。我们的实地调查证实了这五方面的分析与推测。结论很清楚,猫儿山主峰区分布的花岗岩巨砾成因于断裂构造、风化剥蚀与斜坡重力三种因素的共同作用,它们只是主峰基岩的简单风化-崩塌物,而非冰川漂砾。
At the main peak area of Mao er Mountain,so-called The First Peak of South China,are distributed with some blunt shaped granite boulders.This study aimed at whether they are glacial origin and its significance to clarify the phenomenon.For this reason,the authors carried out the research from the perspective of remote sensing,geology and geomorphology etc.Multi-scale and multi-mode geomorphology interpretation using TM,Quickbird-2 and TM-DEM,shows that the main peak position of Mao er Mountain does not have the geomorphic environments for formation of glaciers drift gravels.Although Mao er Mountain experienced Quaternary glacial period,comparison between forming mountain period and glacial period does not support the assumption of glacier formation and its role in the formation of huge boulders.Mineralogical and petrological comparison between bedrock and boulders show that both have the homologous relation.Therefore,we speculated that boulders did not move from a distance but bedrock from the main peak.Remote sensing lineament interpretation shows that there are five sets of fault structures developed in granite bodies.These faults are the true internal cause for the formation of huge boulders,and intensive weathering,along with gravity force along steep terrain,is the leading external factor eventually leading to the formation of boulder.Our in-site investigation confirms our analysis and speculation.It is concluded that the granite boulder distributed at Mao'er mountain peak area formed jointly from the factors,such as faults,weathering and denudation,and slope gravity.They are only the product of simple weathering and collapse from the bedrock of main peak,rather than glacial boulders.
At the main peak area of Mao er Mountain,so-called The First Peak of South China,are distributed with some blunt shaped granite boulders.This study aimed at whether they are glacial origin and its significance to clarify the phenomenon.For this reason,the authors carried out the research from the perspective of remote sensing,geology and geomorphology etc.Multi-scale and multi-mode geomorphology interpretation using TM,Quickbird-2 and TM-DEM,shows that the main peak position of Mao er Mountain does not have the geomorphic environments for formation of glaciers drift gravels.Although Mao er Mountain experienced Quaternary glacial period,comparison between forming mountain period and glacial period does not support the assumption of glacier formation and its role in the formation of huge boulders.Mineralogical and petrological comparison between bedrock and boulders show that both have the homologous relation.Therefore,we speculated that boulders did not move from a distance but bedrock from the main peak.Remote sensing lineament interpretation shows that there are five sets of fault structures developed in granite bodies.These faults are the true internal cause for the formation of huge boulders,and intensive weathering,along with gravity force along steep terrain,is the leading external factor eventually leading to the formation of boulder.Our in-site investigation confirms our analysis and speculation.It is concluded that the granite boulder distributed at Mao'er mountain peak area formed jointly from the factors,such as faults,weathering and denudation,and slope gravity.They are only the product of simple weathering and collapse from the bedrock of main peak,rather than glacial boulders.
引文
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Chen Anze.2007b.The preliminary discussion on the classification of Chinese granite tourism and its significance.Land Resources Guide,(06):47~51(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Maohong,Liang Jincheng,Zhang Guilin,Li Wenjie,Pan Luozhong,Li Rongsen.2006.Tectonic Subsidence History of the Caledonian Basin in Northeast Guangxi.Geotectonic and Metallogeny,30(1):9~17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Wenguang.2007.Scenery landforms of main granite and its tourism development value in Hunan Province.Geological Review,53:675~677(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Weiming,Zhao Shangmin.2009.Study on the spatial distribution pattern of the glacier geomorphology in China.Glacial Frozen Soil,31(4):587-596(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Zhijiu,Chen Yixin,Zhang Wei,Zhou Liping,Zhang Mei,Li Chuanchuan.2011.Discuss to the history,characteristics and genesis of Quaternary glacial period in China.Quaternary Research,31(5):749~764(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Zhijiu,Yang Jianqiang,Chen Yixin.2007.Type characteristic and evolution of granite landforms in China.Geological Review,62(7):675~677(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Zhijiu.1964.On the type of Quaternary glacier cover in Western China.Acta Geologica Sinica,44(2):229~245(in Chinese with English abstract).
Din Shuqian.2001.Negative for Qianshan glacial remains.Journal of Anshan Normal University,3(3):59-61(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ding Xiao.1945a.Quaternary glacial relics in Guangxi.Geological Review,10(1~2):55~58(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Han Tonglin.2011.A brief history of geological changes in Mao'er Mountain.Human and Biosphere,5:11~13(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Li Wenjie,Liang Jincheng,Feng Zouhai,Zhang Guilin,Chen Maohong,Yuan Aiping.2006.Judging for characteristics of geochemical and structural environment of several Caledonian ranitoids in northeast Guangxi.Mineral Resources and Geology,20(4~5):353~360(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Xinjian.1965.Study on glacial geomorphology in six Tang Valley in Jiaqiao Mountain,Northeast Guangxi,from micro domain topography and rock composition.Geological Review,23(6):491~495(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yongzhao,Pan Jianying,Cao Zhaoyuan,Hu Jtngjiang,Zhou Moling,Chen Maonan,Wang Shufang,Zhang Zhixia.1973.Discussion on Quaternary ice age in China.Acta Geologica Sinica,(1):94"~101(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Shiyin.Liu Caohai,Xie Zichu,Zhao Jingdong.2012.Glacier Observation and Research Method.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu Yunting.2007.Characteristics of granite landscapes in China:comparation to the Sanqing Mountain.Geological Review,53(S):85~90(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu Hongbo,Xu Xingyong,Yi Liang,Li Ping.2012.Direct evidence of Quaternary glacial erosion on the surface of chroismite at Lushan Mountain in Shandong:chatter mark.Acta Geologica Sinica,86(3):514~521(in Chinese with English abstract).
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