电涡流相位梯度及其在导电材料缺陷识别中的应用
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摘要
使用空间域相频谱分析方法,将相位梯度作为缺陷检测信号特征量,对不同类型的缺陷进行检测和分类。数字相敏解调技术用于提取检测信号的相位梯度。采用双空气芯线圈涡流传感器并施加1～10 kHz多频激励信号,对平板金属样件进行表面缺陷、下表面缺陷、内部缺陷的识别及分类。实验结果证明,实验系统可以有效地检测出缺陷,并通过空间域相频谱分析得到可视化检测结果,采用相位梯度作为特征量有效抑制了提离噪声对检测结果的影响。
In this paper, the spatial domain phase spectrum analysis method is used to detect and classify different types of defects using phase angle gradient as the feature quantity of the defect detection signal. The digital phase sensitive demodulation technique is used to extract the phase angle gradient of the detected signal. A double air-cored coil eddy current sensor is used, to which a multi-frequency excitation signal of 1～10 kHz is applied to identify and classify the surface defects, subsurface defects and internal defects of the flat metal samples. The experiment results show that the experiment system can effectively detect the defects and obtain the visual detection results through spatial domain phase spectrum analysis. Using phase angle gradient as the feature quantity effectively suppresses the influence of the lift-off noise on the detection results.
In this paper, the spatial domain phase spectrum analysis method is used to detect and classify different types of defects using phase angle gradient as the feature quantity of the defect detection signal. The digital phase sensitive demodulation technique is used to extract the phase angle gradient of the detected signal. A double air-cored coil eddy current sensor is used, to which a multi-frequency excitation signal of 1～10 kHz is applied to identify and classify the surface defects, subsurface defects and internal defects of the flat metal samples. The experiment results show that the experiment system can effectively detect the defects and obtain the visual detection results through spatial domain phase spectrum analysis. Using phase angle gradient as the feature quantity effectively suppresses the influence of the lift-off noise on the detection results.
引文
[1] HELIFA B, OULHADJ A, BENBELGHIT A, et al. Detection and measurement of surface cracks in ferromagnetic materials using eddy current testing[J]. Ndt & E International, 2006, 39(5):384-390.
[2] TIAN G Y, SOPHIAN A, TAYLOR D, et al. Multiple sensors on pulsed eddy-current detection for 3-D subsurface crack assessment[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2005, 5(1):90-96.
[3] 张荣华, 刘珊, 张牧,等. 基于空间分布熵的电磁脉冲涡流无损检测方法[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2015, 36(4): 804-811.ZHANG R H, LIU SH, ZHANG M, et al. Pulse eddy current nondestructive testing method based on the spatial distribution entropy[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015, 36(4):804-811.
[4] SOPHIAN A, GUI Y T, TAYLOR D, et al. A feature extraction technique based on principal component analysis for pulsed Eddy current NDT[J]. Ndt & E International, 2003, 36(1):37-41.
[5] TIAN G Y, SOPHIAN A, TAYLOR D, et al. Wavelet-based PCA defect classification and quantification for pulsed eddy current NDT[J]. IEEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 2005, 152(4):141-148.
[6] 李海洋, 王召巴, 潘强华. 激光超声用于材料表面微小损伤的定位检测与传播特性分析[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2018,37(6):104-108.LI H Y, WANG ZH B, PAN Q H. Detection and propagation characteristics of micro damage on surface of materials by laser ultrasonic[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,37(6):104-108.
[7] 刘修扬, 周杏芳. 基于STM32和FPGA的钢轨超声导波信号源设计[J]. 电子测量技术, 2018,41(11):126-130.LIU X Y, ZHOU X F. Design of railway ultrasonic guided wave signal source based on STM32 and FPGA[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,41(11):126-130.
[8] 刘敏, 陈伟迅, 龚蓉,等. 三维图像栈中神经末梢点的自动检测[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2017, 31(8):1304-1311.LIU M, CHEN W X, GONG R, et al. Automatic neuron terminal point detection in 3D image stack[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation, 2017, 31(8): 1304-1311.
[9] 梁子千,玄文博,王婷,等.基于二维阻抗特征的管道环焊缝缺陷涡流检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(9): 2138-2145.LIANG Z Q, XUAN W B, WANG T, et al. Eddy current NDT for the cracks of girth welds of pipes based on 2D impedance characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(9):2138-2145.
[10] 徐志远, 林章鹏, 袁湘民,等. 管道弯头缺陷检测外置式远场涡流探头设计[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2017, 38(5): 1119-1125.XU ZH Y, LIN ZH P, YUAN X M, et al. External remote field eddy current probe for defect detection at pipe elbows[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(5):1119-1125.
[11] 张牧, 刘珊, 张荣华,等. 相轨迹电涡流无损检测方法及频率响应特性研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2016, 37(10): 2267-2273.ZHANG M, LIU SH, ZHANG R H, et al. Study on frequency response characteristics of the eddy current non-destructive testing method based on the phase trajectory[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016, 37(10):2267-2273.
[12] GHONI R, DOLLAH M, SULAIMAN A, et al. Defect characterization based on eddy current technique: Technical review[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2014(2014):11.
[13] YIN W L, BINNS R, DICKINSON S J, et al. Analysis of the Liftoff Effect of Phase Spectra for Eddy Current Sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 2007, 56(6):2775-2781.
[14] YIN W L, PEYTON A J. Thickness measurement of metallic plates with an electromagnetic sensor using phase signature analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 2008, 57(8):1803-1807.
[15] 高军哲, 潘孟春, 罗飞路,等. 脉冲涡流检测的谱分析方法与缺陷分类识别[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(28):154-160.GAO J ZH, PAN M CH, LUO F L, et al. Spectrum analysis and defect classification of pulsed eddy current testing[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(28):154-160.
[16] 周德强, 张斌强, 田贵云,等. 脉冲涡流检测中裂纹的深度定量及分类识别[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2009, 30(6):1190-1194.ZHOU D Q, ZHANG B Q, TIAN G Y, et al. Quantification of depth and classification of cracks using pulsed eddy current test technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2009, 30(6):1190-1194.
[17] ZHOU D Q, CHANG X, YANG D U, et al. Research on the crack detection of conductive components using pulsed eddy current thermography[J]. Instrumentation, 2017,4(3):59-68.
[18] 杨宾峰, 罗飞路, 张玉华,等. 飞机多层结构中裂纹的定量检测及分类识别[J]. 机械工程学报, 2006, 42(2): 63-67.YANG B F,LUO F L, ZHANG Y H, et al. Quantification and classification of cracks in aircraft multi-layered structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(2):63-67.
[19] YANG B F, LUO F L, HAN D. Pulsed eddy current technique used for non-destructive inspection of ageing aircraft[J]. OR Insight, 2006, 48(7):411-414.
[20] 高军哲, 潘孟春, 张琦,等. 基于调频激励和细化谱分析的多频涡流检测技术研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2011, 32(11):2628-2634.GAO J ZH, PAN M CH, ZHANG Q, et al. Research on multi-frequency eddy current testing technology based on frequency modulation excitation and zoom spectrum analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2011, 32(11):2628-2634.
[21] HE Y, PAN M, LUO F, et al. Reduction of lift-off effects in pulsed eddy current for defect classification[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2011, 47(12):4753-4760.
[22] 王超, 高鹏. 基于GMR的电磁无损检测研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2015,29(6):783-792.WANG CH, GAO P. Study of GMR based electromagnetic nondestructive testing[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation, 2015,29(6):783-792.
[2] TIAN G Y, SOPHIAN A, TAYLOR D, et al. Multiple sensors on pulsed eddy-current detection for 3-D subsurface crack assessment[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2005, 5(1):90-96.
[3] 张荣华, 刘珊, 张牧,等. 基于空间分布熵的电磁脉冲涡流无损检测方法[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2015, 36(4): 804-811.ZHANG R H, LIU SH, ZHANG M, et al. Pulse eddy current nondestructive testing method based on the spatial distribution entropy[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015, 36(4):804-811.
[4] SOPHIAN A, GUI Y T, TAYLOR D, et al. A feature extraction technique based on principal component analysis for pulsed Eddy current NDT[J]. Ndt & E International, 2003, 36(1):37-41.
[5] TIAN G Y, SOPHIAN A, TAYLOR D, et al. Wavelet-based PCA defect classification and quantification for pulsed eddy current NDT[J]. IEEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 2005, 152(4):141-148.
[6] 李海洋, 王召巴, 潘强华. 激光超声用于材料表面微小损伤的定位检测与传播特性分析[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2018,37(6):104-108.LI H Y, WANG ZH B, PAN Q H. Detection and propagation characteristics of micro damage on surface of materials by laser ultrasonic[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,37(6):104-108.
[7] 刘修扬, 周杏芳. 基于STM32和FPGA的钢轨超声导波信号源设计[J]. 电子测量技术, 2018,41(11):126-130.LIU X Y, ZHOU X F. Design of railway ultrasonic guided wave signal source based on STM32 and FPGA[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,41(11):126-130.
[8] 刘敏, 陈伟迅, 龚蓉,等. 三维图像栈中神经末梢点的自动检测[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2017, 31(8):1304-1311.LIU M, CHEN W X, GONG R, et al. Automatic neuron terminal point detection in 3D image stack[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation, 2017, 31(8): 1304-1311.
[9] 梁子千,玄文博,王婷,等.基于二维阻抗特征的管道环焊缝缺陷涡流检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(9): 2138-2145.LIANG Z Q, XUAN W B, WANG T, et al. Eddy current NDT for the cracks of girth welds of pipes based on 2D impedance characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(9):2138-2145.
[10] 徐志远, 林章鹏, 袁湘民,等. 管道弯头缺陷检测外置式远场涡流探头设计[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2017, 38(5): 1119-1125.XU ZH Y, LIN ZH P, YUAN X M, et al. External remote field eddy current probe for defect detection at pipe elbows[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(5):1119-1125.
[11] 张牧, 刘珊, 张荣华,等. 相轨迹电涡流无损检测方法及频率响应特性研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2016, 37(10): 2267-2273.ZHANG M, LIU SH, ZHANG R H, et al. Study on frequency response characteristics of the eddy current non-destructive testing method based on the phase trajectory[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016, 37(10):2267-2273.
[12] GHONI R, DOLLAH M, SULAIMAN A, et al. Defect characterization based on eddy current technique: Technical review[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2014(2014):11.
[13] YIN W L, BINNS R, DICKINSON S J, et al. Analysis of the Liftoff Effect of Phase Spectra for Eddy Current Sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 2007, 56(6):2775-2781.
[14] YIN W L, PEYTON A J. Thickness measurement of metallic plates with an electromagnetic sensor using phase signature analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 2008, 57(8):1803-1807.
[15] 高军哲, 潘孟春, 罗飞路,等. 脉冲涡流检测的谱分析方法与缺陷分类识别[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(28):154-160.GAO J ZH, PAN M CH, LUO F L, et al. Spectrum analysis and defect classification of pulsed eddy current testing[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(28):154-160.
[16] 周德强, 张斌强, 田贵云,等. 脉冲涡流检测中裂纹的深度定量及分类识别[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2009, 30(6):1190-1194.ZHOU D Q, ZHANG B Q, TIAN G Y, et al. Quantification of depth and classification of cracks using pulsed eddy current test technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2009, 30(6):1190-1194.
[17] ZHOU D Q, CHANG X, YANG D U, et al. Research on the crack detection of conductive components using pulsed eddy current thermography[J]. Instrumentation, 2017,4(3):59-68.
[18] 杨宾峰, 罗飞路, 张玉华,等. 飞机多层结构中裂纹的定量检测及分类识别[J]. 机械工程学报, 2006, 42(2): 63-67.YANG B F,LUO F L, ZHANG Y H, et al. Quantification and classification of cracks in aircraft multi-layered structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(2):63-67.
[19] YANG B F, LUO F L, HAN D. Pulsed eddy current technique used for non-destructive inspection of ageing aircraft[J]. OR Insight, 2006, 48(7):411-414.
[20] 高军哲, 潘孟春, 张琦,等. 基于调频激励和细化谱分析的多频涡流检测技术研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2011, 32(11):2628-2634.GAO J ZH, PAN M CH, ZHANG Q, et al. Research on multi-frequency eddy current testing technology based on frequency modulation excitation and zoom spectrum analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2011, 32(11):2628-2634.
[21] HE Y, PAN M, LUO F, et al. Reduction of lift-off effects in pulsed eddy current for defect classification[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2011, 47(12):4753-4760.
[22] 王超, 高鹏. 基于GMR的电磁无损检测研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2015,29(6):783-792.WANG CH, GAO P. Study of GMR based electromagnetic nondestructive testing[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation, 2015,29(6):783-792.