玉溪方言“掉”的结构类型和语法性质
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摘要
玉溪方言"掉"作动词时发音为tiu213,其基本意与现代汉语大致相同,主要指"落"和"下降"。在"X掉"结构中作补语时,"掉"在玉溪方言中的发音为iu213或者iu44,其结构主要有"V+掉""adj+掉""V+掉+O""V/adj+死/伤+掉""V+adj+掉""adj+掉+点儿"等六种。从有无可能式、能否用在动结式之后、能否后接完成体助词、音韵形式四个标准来看,难以判定玉溪方言中的"掉"是否已经成为一个完成体标记。总体上看,玉溪方言中的"掉"在用法上呈现出与其他云南方言不同的特点,并且还没有完全虚化成为一个体标记。
In Yuxi dialect,the basic meaning of diao(掉),which is pronounced as "tiau213"when used as a verb,is roughly the same as that in modern Chinese,mainly referring to"drop"and"fall".When used as a complement in the structure of"X掉",the pronunciation of diao(掉)in Yuxi dialect is"iau213"or"iau44",whose patterns belong to one of the six:"V+掉","adj+掉","V+掉+O","V/adj+死/伤+掉","V+adj+掉"and "adj+掉+点儿".It is difficult to judge whether the diao(掉)in Yuxi dialect has become a perfect aspect mark from the four standards of:whether it is possible or not;whether it can be used after the verb-conjunctive type;whether or not it can be followed by the perfect aspect auxiliary word;and whether it is a phonetic form.In general,the usage of diao(掉)in Yuxi dialect is different from that of other Yunnan dialects,and it has not completely become an aspect mark.
In Yuxi dialect,the basic meaning of diao(掉),which is pronounced as "tiau213"when used as a verb,is roughly the same as that in modern Chinese,mainly referring to"drop"and"fall".When used as a complement in the structure of"X掉",the pronunciation of diao(掉)in Yuxi dialect is"iau213"or"iau44",whose patterns belong to one of the six:"V+掉","adj+掉","V+掉+O","V/adj+死/伤+掉","V+adj+掉"and "adj+掉+点儿".It is difficult to judge whether the diao(掉)in Yuxi dialect has become a perfect aspect mark from the four standards of:whether it is possible or not;whether it can be used after the verb-conjunctive type;whether or not it can be followed by the perfect aspect auxiliary word;and whether it is a phonetic form.In general,the usage of diao(掉)in Yuxi dialect is different from that of other Yunnan dialects,and it has not completely become an aspect mark.
引文
(1)刘焱.“V掉”的语义类型与“掉”的虚化[J].中国语文,2007(2):133-143.
(1)王顺巧.云南方言“掉”的语义及其虚化[J].现代语文,2017(7):68-72.
(1)王顺巧.云南方言“掉”的语义及其虚化[J].现代语文,2017(7):68-72.
(2)杨育彬,齐春红.论云南方言体标记“掉”[J].云南师范大学学报:对外汉语教学与研究版,2009(4):125-129.
(3)石毓智,李讷.汉语语法化的历程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001:148.
(4)蒋绍愚,曹广顺.近代汉语语法史研究综述[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005;201.
(5)吴福祥.重谈“动+了+宾”格式的来源和完成体助词“了”的产生[J].中国语文,1998(6):459.
(6)吴福祥.重谈“动+了+宾”格式的来源和完成体助词“了”的产生[J].中国语文,1998(6):456.
(1)王顺巧.云南方言“掉”的语义及其虚化[J].现代语文,2017(7):68-72.
(1)王顺巧.云南方言“掉”的语义及其虚化[J].现代语文,2017(7):68-72.
(2)杨育彬,齐春红.论云南方言体标记“掉”[J].云南师范大学学报:对外汉语教学与研究版,2009(4):125-129.
(3)石毓智,李讷.汉语语法化的历程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001:148.
(4)蒋绍愚,曹广顺.近代汉语语法史研究综述[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005;201.
(5)吴福祥.重谈“动+了+宾”格式的来源和完成体助词“了”的产生[J].中国语文,1998(6):459.
(6)吴福祥.重谈“动+了+宾”格式的来源和完成体助词“了”的产生[J].中国语文,1998(6):456.