玉米籽粒直收中籽粒及穗轴破损形态研究
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摘要
玉米籽粒直收是我国玉米收获技术的发展趋势,为了进一步降低玉米籽粒直收中籽粒破碎率,采用与沃得农业机械机有限公司联合研制的玉米稻麦联合收获机,对江苏省玉米品种"郑单958"进行籽粒直收试验,并对玉米籽粒及穗轴破损形态进行了研究分析。结果表明:玉米籽粒直收中籽粒破损形态主要为破碎籽粒、缺损籽粒及裂纹籽粒等,缺损籽粒中绝大多数为冠部缺损,有少数胚部缺损裂纹籽粒,各部位中冠部存在裂纹的比例最高,有胚的腹面存在裂纹的比例高于没有胚的背面,籽粒产生纵向裂纹大于产生横向裂纹的比例;玉米穗轴破损形态复杂,长度以2～6cm为主,断面比以1/4和1/2为主,穗轴小端完整度最大。该研究可为玉米联合收获机的进一步优化改进提供参考。
Corn kernel harvesting is the development trend of China corn harvesting technology. In order to further reduce the rate of corn kernel damage in corn kernel harvesting,we make some experiments on the Zhengdan958 in Jiangsu province,by the corn and rice combine harvester jointly developed with Jiangsu world agriculture machinery Co. Ltd,and also research the damage morphology of corn kernel and cob. The results show that the main kernel damage in corn kernel harvesting is broken,defective and cracked kernels. The majority of defective kernel is crown defect with a few defect in the embryos,the highest proportion of crack is found in the crown crack in all parts of the kernel. The ratio of crack in the ventral surface of embryos is higher than that in the reverse without embryos. Longitudinal crack in grain are larger than those in transverse cracks. The morphology of corn cobs is complex. The length is mainly 2-6 cm,and the section ratio is mainly 1/4 and 1/2. The completeness of the small end of the cob is the largest. This study provides a reference for the further optimization and improvement of the corn combine harvester.
Corn kernel harvesting is the development trend of China corn harvesting technology. In order to further reduce the rate of corn kernel damage in corn kernel harvesting,we make some experiments on the Zhengdan958 in Jiangsu province,by the corn and rice combine harvester jointly developed with Jiangsu world agriculture machinery Co. Ltd,and also research the damage morphology of corn kernel and cob. The results show that the main kernel damage in corn kernel harvesting is broken,defective and cracked kernels. The majority of defective kernel is crown defect with a few defect in the embryos,the highest proportion of crack is found in the crown crack in all parts of the kernel. The ratio of crack in the ventral surface of embryos is higher than that in the reverse without embryos. Longitudinal crack in grain are larger than those in transverse cracks. The morphology of corn cobs is complex. The length is mainly 2-6 cm,and the section ratio is mainly 1/4 and 1/2. The completeness of the small end of the cob is the largest. This study provides a reference for the further optimization and improvement of the corn combine harvester.
引文
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[6]刘继元,崔中凯,马继春,等.黄淮海地区小麦玉米接茬轮作机械化生产问题与对策[J].农机化研究,2016,38(5):259-263.
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[13]邸志峰,崔中凯,张华,等.纹杆块与钉齿组合式轴流玉米脱粒滚筒的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):28-34.
[14]杨立权,王万章,张红梅,等.切流横轴流玉米脱粒系统改进设计及台架试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):35-43.
[15]相茂国.玉米籽粒直收机械适应性研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.
[16]高连兴,李飞.含水率对种子玉米脱粒性能的影响机理[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(12):92-96.
[17]相茂国,张道林,李春宁,等.影响玉米脱粒性能的因素分析与研究[J].农机化研究,2015,37(1):188-191.
[18] Sehgal S M,Brown W L. Cob morphology and its relations to combine harvesting in maize[J]. Iowa Stage Journal of Science,1965,39(3):251-268.
[19]余吉洋.玉米果穗物理力学性测试研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
[2]陈志,郝付平,王锋德,等.中国玉米收获技术与装备发展研究[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(12):44-50.
[3]耿爱军,杨建宁,张兆磊,等.国内外玉米收获机械研究发展现状及展望[J].农机化研究,2016,38(4):251-257.
[4]李少昆,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.玉米子粒机械收获破碎率研究[J].作物杂志,2017(2):76-80.
[5]易克传,朱德文,张新伟,等.含水率对玉米籽粒机械化直接收获的影响[J].中国农机化,2016,37(11):78-80.
[6]刘继元,崔中凯,马继春,等.黄淮海地区小麦玉米接茬轮作机械化生产问题与对策[J].农机化研究,2016,38(5):259-263.
[7] Chowdhury M H,Buchele W F. Thenature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J]. Transactions of the ASABE,1978,21(4):610-614.
[8]马俊.玉米果穗物理力学性质分析及脱粒过程仿真研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
[9]崔中凯,邸志峰,周进,等. 5TYS280玉米脱粒清选试验台的设计研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(5):113-117.
[10]李心平,马义东,金鑫,等.玉米种子仿生脱粒机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):97-101.
[11]柳建安,李伟杰.螺旋挤搓式玉米脱粒机的设计[J].农机化研究,2010,32(8):82-85.
[12]赵武云,郭康权.组合式螺旋板齿种子玉米脱粒机工作参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(12):56-61.
[13]邸志峰,崔中凯,张华,等.纹杆块与钉齿组合式轴流玉米脱粒滚筒的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):28-34.
[14]杨立权,王万章,张红梅,等.切流横轴流玉米脱粒系统改进设计及台架试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):35-43.
[15]相茂国.玉米籽粒直收机械适应性研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.
[16]高连兴,李飞.含水率对种子玉米脱粒性能的影响机理[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(12):92-96.
[17]相茂国,张道林,李春宁,等.影响玉米脱粒性能的因素分析与研究[J].农机化研究,2015,37(1):188-191.
[18] Sehgal S M,Brown W L. Cob morphology and its relations to combine harvesting in maize[J]. Iowa Stage Journal of Science,1965,39(3):251-268.
[19]余吉洋.玉米果穗物理力学性测试研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.