玉米籽粒机械化直收技术与机具试验研究
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摘要
我国黄淮海夏玉米种植区玉米收获时籽粒含水率高及机械直收破碎率高等问题严重影响玉米籽粒机械化直收的发展。根据山东玉米籽粒直收的实际,选择具有代表性的3种机具,按照有关标准制定了验证办法,进行了经济、适用、安全性评价试验。结果表明:3种机具的经济性、适用性、安全可靠性能够满足农业生产的要求,但籽粒含水率和玉米品种对籽粒机械化收获破碎率指标影响较大。为此,提出了选择玉米品种、加强农机农艺融合,以及在黄淮海夏玉米种植区推广玉米、冬小麦适当晚收晚种等加快玉米籽粒机械化直收技术的发展对策,对提高玉米生产效率、降低生产成本具有重要意义。
Grain moisture content is high when harvest corn grain directly in Huang-huaihai summer corn growing areas,and because of that the mechanical crushing rate is high,it seriously affects the development of mechanization of corn grain directly harvest. This article selected three typical kinds of corn grain harvest machines according to the corn grain harvest of Shandong province. The economy,applicability and safety evaluation were tested in accordance with the relevant standards,results show that the economy,applicability and safety evaluation all met to the requirements of agricultural production,but the grain moisture content and corn varieties had a greater influence on the crushing rate. At the same time this article put forward development countermeasures of accelerating the mechanization of corn grain directly such as choice corn varieties,strengthen the agricultural integration and agricultural machinery and duly late harvest in Huang-huai-hai summer corn planting area,which is of great significance to improve the corn production efficiency and reduce the production cost.
Grain moisture content is high when harvest corn grain directly in Huang-huaihai summer corn growing areas,and because of that the mechanical crushing rate is high,it seriously affects the development of mechanization of corn grain directly harvest. This article selected three typical kinds of corn grain harvest machines according to the corn grain harvest of Shandong province. The economy,applicability and safety evaluation were tested in accordance with the relevant standards,results show that the economy,applicability and safety evaluation all met to the requirements of agricultural production,but the grain moisture content and corn varieties had a greater influence on the crushing rate. At the same time this article put forward development countermeasures of accelerating the mechanization of corn grain directly such as choice corn varieties,strengthen the agricultural integration and agricultural machinery and duly late harvest in Huang-huai-hai summer corn planting area,which is of great significance to improve the corn production efficiency and reduce the production cost.
引文
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[2]国家质量监督检验检疫局.GB/T 21961-2008玉米收获机械试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[3]国家质量监督检验检疫局.GB/T 21962-2008玉米收获机械技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[4]国家质量监督检验检疫局.GB/T 5262-2008农业机械试验条件测试方法的一般规定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[5]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 2613-2014农业机械可靠性评价通则[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2015.
[6]张银平.穗茎兼收型玉米收获机茎秆切碎与输送装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(S1):208-214.
[7]袁彩云.穗茎兼收型玉米收获机的关键部件研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2011.
[8]吴光华,齐瑞锋,韩子鑫,等.自走式穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机的研究与设计[J].农业与技术,2014(8):46.
[9]齐自成,张进凯,李寒松,等.穗茎兼收玉米收获机秸秆处理功能拓展及中试[J].农机化研究,2014,36(7):140-144.
[10]张道林,孙永进,赵洪光.自走式穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):79-82.
[11]张银平,刁培松,李复辉,等.青贮型玉米收获机茎秆回收割台的设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(10):92-95.
[12]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[K].北京:机械工业出版社,1988.