玉米收获机清选装置内杂余抛送器设计与试验
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摘要
为满足不断提高的玉米产量对玉米收获机清选能力的要求,提高筛面利用率、籽粒清洁率,降低籽粒损失率,运用理论分析设计了一种能够在清选筛上部空间实现籽粒与杂余在竖直方向上分层、水平方向上分散的杂余抛送器。在竖直方向上,采用CFD-DEM耦合方法对玉米脱出物在杂余抛送器作用下的分层现象进行数值模拟。选取杂余抛送器的周向拨指数量、拨指回转半径、轴向相邻指间距、拨辊旋转角速度为试验因素,以水平方向上杂余被抛送水平位移、籽粒与杂余被抛送水平重叠位移为性能指标,设计四因素五水平中心组合试验。通过响应曲面方法对试验结果进行分析,并利用Design-Expert对回归数学模型进行多目标优化。结果表明:各因素对杂余被抛送水平位移影响由强到弱顺序为:周向拨指数量、拨辊旋转角速度、轴向相邻指间距、拨指回转半径;各因素对籽粒与杂余被抛送水平重叠位移影响由强到弱顺序为:周向拨指数量、轴向相邻指间距、拨辊旋转角速度、拨指回转半径。杂余抛送器优化参数为:周向拨指数量8个,拨指回转半径80. 18 mm,轴向相邻指间距12. 44 mm,拨辊旋转角速度15. 41 rad/s。在清选装置入口风速为12. 8 m/s、入口方向角为25°条件下,清选装置入口玉米脱出物量为5～7 kg/s时,增设杂余抛送器的清选装置籽粒清洁率均值为97. 20%～98. 74%,籽粒损失率均值为1. 65%～1. 82%,满足玉米收获机清选装置在玉米脱出物大喂入量下的清选国家标准要求。
In order to improve cleaning performance of air-and-screen cleaning device in maize harvester,the mechanism of throwing impurity,which was installed in the upper space of cleaning screen to make maize mixture disperse in the horizontal direction and layer in the vertical direction,was invented to meet requirements of the increasing feeding quantity. The CFD-DEM coupling method was used to simulate the delamination of maize mixture with the help of mechanism of throwing impurity in the vertical direction.The experimental factors were the numbers of raking finger in circumferential direction,the rotation radii of raking finger,the spacing between fingers axially and the angular velocity of roll,and the performance indexes were the horizontal displacement of impurity threw and the overlapping displacement of maize mixture in the horizontal direction. The quadratic orthogonal rotational-combinational simulation test was designed. The test data were analyzed by the response surface method,and the regression mathematical models were multi-objectively optimized by using Design-Expert. The results showed that the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction had the most significant effect on the horizontal displacement of impurity threw,followed by the angular velocity of roll,then the spacing between fingers axially,finally the rotation radii of raking finger and the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction had the most significant effect on the overlapping displacement of maize mixture in the horizontal direction,followed by the spacing between fingers axially,then the angular velocity of roll,finally the rotation radii of raking finger. The optimized parameters of the mechanism of throwing impurity were the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction,which was 8,the rotation radii of raking finger of 80. 18 mm,the spacing between fingers axially of 12. 44 mm and the angular velocity of roll of 15. 41 rad/s. Under the condition of inlet velocities of 12. 8 m/s and direction angle of the inlet of 25°,when the feed quantity of maize mixture at the entrance of cleaning device was 5 ～ 7 kg/s,the cleaning rate of maize with mechanism of throwing impurity in cleaning device was 97. 20% ～ 98. 74% and the loss rate of maize was 1. 65% ～ 1. 82%,which can meet the requirements of technical specification for quality evaluation of screening under the condition of large feed quantity.
In order to improve cleaning performance of air-and-screen cleaning device in maize harvester,the mechanism of throwing impurity,which was installed in the upper space of cleaning screen to make maize mixture disperse in the horizontal direction and layer in the vertical direction,was invented to meet requirements of the increasing feeding quantity. The CFD-DEM coupling method was used to simulate the delamination of maize mixture with the help of mechanism of throwing impurity in the vertical direction.The experimental factors were the numbers of raking finger in circumferential direction,the rotation radii of raking finger,the spacing between fingers axially and the angular velocity of roll,and the performance indexes were the horizontal displacement of impurity threw and the overlapping displacement of maize mixture in the horizontal direction. The quadratic orthogonal rotational-combinational simulation test was designed. The test data were analyzed by the response surface method,and the regression mathematical models were multi-objectively optimized by using Design-Expert. The results showed that the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction had the most significant effect on the horizontal displacement of impurity threw,followed by the angular velocity of roll,then the spacing between fingers axially,finally the rotation radii of raking finger and the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction had the most significant effect on the overlapping displacement of maize mixture in the horizontal direction,followed by the spacing between fingers axially,then the angular velocity of roll,finally the rotation radii of raking finger. The optimized parameters of the mechanism of throwing impurity were the numbers of raking finger in the circumferential direction,which was 8,the rotation radii of raking finger of 80. 18 mm,the spacing between fingers axially of 12. 44 mm and the angular velocity of roll of 15. 41 rad/s. Under the condition of inlet velocities of 12. 8 m/s and direction angle of the inlet of 25°,when the feed quantity of maize mixture at the entrance of cleaning device was 5 ～ 7 kg/s,the cleaning rate of maize with mechanism of throwing impurity in cleaning device was 97. 20% ～ 98. 74% and the loss rate of maize was 1. 65% ～ 1. 82%,which can meet the requirements of technical specification for quality evaluation of screening under the condition of large feed quantity.
引文
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[18]蔡维克.质点在绕水平轴等速旋转一般柱面型叶片上运动的微分方程[J].四川工业学院学报,1984(2):71-76.
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[20]李洪昌,李耀明,唐忠,等.风筛式清选装置振动筛上物料运动CFD-DEM数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):79-84.LI Hongchang,LI Yaoming,TANG Zhong,et al.Numerical simulation of material motion on vibrating screen of air-and-screen cleaning device based on CFD-DEM[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(2):79-84.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20120217&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.02.017.(in Chinese)
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[22]许振冻.基于拨禾指式玉米收获机的行距适应性研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.XU Zhendong.Research on adaptability of row spacing based on corn harvester with finger wheel[D].Zibo:Shandong University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
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[24]冀牧野.油菜联合收获机梳脱式割台设计与试验[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.JI Muye.Design and experimental on stripping cutting table of rape combine harvester[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
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[2]刘凡一.清选装置中小麦颗粒和短茎秆离散元建模研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.LIU Fanyi.Discrete element modelling of the wheat particles and short straw in cleaning devices[D].Yangling:Northwest A&FUniversity,2018.(in Chinese)
[3]张舰.基于离散元法的曲柄连杆机构振动筛筛分模拟与试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.ZHANG Jian.Numerical simulation and experiment of crank link organization vibration screener based on discrete element method[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2018.(in Chinese)
[4]TBATABAIFAR A,PERSSON S P E.Layer break up and particle movement on a chaffer sieve[J].Transactions of ASAE,1995,37(5):1305-1313.
[5]MAERTENS K,DE BAERDEMAEKER J,RAMON H,et al.p H-power and machinery:an analytical grain flow model for a combine harvester,part I:design of the model[J].J.Agric.Engng.Res.,2001,79(1):55-63.
[6]LI J.A numerical simulation of separation of crop seeds by screening-effect of particle bed depth[J].Food and Bioproducts Processing,2002,80(2):109-117.
[7]王立军,李洋,梁昌,等.贯流风筛清选装置内玉米脱出物运动规律研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):122-127.WANG Lijun,LI Yang,LIANG Chang,et al.Motion law of maize mixture in cross air-and-screen cleaning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):122-127.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150918&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.018.(in Chinese)
[8]赵杰文,陆仲华.单风道鼠笼筛清选装置的研究及其应用[J].农业机械学报,1992,23(1):39-44.ZHAO Jiewen,LU Zhonghua.Research on single channel squirrel-cage sieve cleaning unit and its application[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1992,23(1):39-44.(in Chinese)
[9]赵京华,赵学笃,张振京,等.谷茎的空气动力特性研究[J].农业机械学报,1990,21(2):80-83.ZHAO Jinghua,ZHAO Xuedu,ZHANG Zhenjing,et al.Aerodyanmic properties of grain and straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1990,21(2):80-83.(in Chinese)
[10]成芳,王俊.风筛式清选装置主要参数的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(4):217-221.CHENG Fang,WANG Jun.Test study on main parameters of air-and-screen cleaning mechanism[J].Transactions of the CSAE,1998,14(4):217-221.(in Chinese)
[11]高晓容.东北地区玉米主要气象灾害风险评估研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2012.GAO Xiaorong.Study on the risk assessment of the main meteorological disasters for maize in Northeast China[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[12]苏天生,韩增德,崔俊伟,等.谷物联合收割机清选装置研究现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2016,38(2):6-11.SU Tiansheng,HAN Zengde,CUI Junwei,et al.Research status and development trend of cleaning unit of cereal combine harvesters[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(2):6-11.(in Chinese)
[13]李耀明,赵湛,陈进,等.风筛式清选装置上物料的非线性运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):142-147.LI Yaoming,ZHAO Zhan,CHEN Jin,et al.Nonlinear motion law of material on air-and-screen cleaning mechanism[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(11):142-147.(in Chinese)
[14]王立军,冯鑫,武振超,等.玉米联合收获机贯流风阶梯式振动筛设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(10):115-123.WANG Lijun,FENG Xin,WU Zhenchao,et al.Design and test of stepped vibrating screen with cross air for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(10):115-123.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20181013&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.10.013.(in Chinese)
[15]王立军,张传根,丁振军.玉米收获机清选筛体结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):108-114.WANG Lijun,ZHANG Chuangen,DING Zhenjun.Structure optimization of cleaning screen for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):108-114.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160916&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.09.016.(in Chinese)
[16]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[17]胡瑞谦.质点在绕水平轴等速旋转平面型叶片上运动的分析[J].农业机械学报,1980,11(4):62-72.HU Ruiqian.The motive analysis of particle which is on the blade of plane type,the blade ratate round a horizontal axle with constant angular velocity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1980,11(4):62-72.(in Chinese)
[18]蔡维克.质点在绕水平轴等速旋转一般柱面型叶片上运动的微分方程[J].四川工业学院学报,1984(2):71-76.
[19]丁振军.基于筛面运动特性的单颗粒运动规律理论研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.DING Zhenjun.Theoretical research on motion law of a particle based on motion characteristics of screen[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[20]李洪昌,李耀明,唐忠,等.风筛式清选装置振动筛上物料运动CFD-DEM数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):79-84.LI Hongchang,LI Yaoming,TANG Zhong,et al.Numerical simulation of material motion on vibrating screen of air-and-screen cleaning device based on CFD-DEM[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(2):79-84.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20120217&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.02.017.(in Chinese)
[21]王立军,彭博,宋慧强.玉米收获机聚氨酯橡胶筛筛分性能仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(7):90-96.WANG Lijun,PENG Bo,SONG Huiqiang.Cleaning of maize mixture based on polyurethane rubber sieve[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):90-96.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180711&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.07.011.(in Chinese)
[22]许振冻.基于拨禾指式玉米收获机的行距适应性研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.XU Zhendong.Research on adaptability of row spacing based on corn harvester with finger wheel[D].Zibo:Shandong University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[23]江立凯.覆草冬种马铃薯收获机的研制[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.JIANG Likai.The development of harvesting machine for straw mulching winter planting potato[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[24]冀牧野.油菜联合收获机梳脱式割台设计与试验[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.JI Muye.Design and experimental on stripping cutting table of rape combine harvester[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
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