区域性农田景观对夏玉米田捕食性天敌的生态学效应
|
摘要
明确农田景观变化对捕食性天敌种群的生态学效应,是开展区域性有害生物生态调控的重要前提之一。本文以山东省玉米种植区为研究场所,选取87个调查点,基于卫星遥感影像和土地覆盖分类数据以及捕食性天敌种群定点调查数据,分析了6个空间尺度下(5、4、3、2、1、0.5 km)捕食性天敌对玉米田、耕地、居住工业交通、草地、林地、水体、未利用土地共7种土地覆盖类型面积比例的响应规律。结果表明,6个空间尺度下捕食性天敌对耕地和居住工业交通均有显著的正响应,在1 km尺度下与玉米田面积呈显著正相关。耕地及玉米田可作为涵养天敌的场所,居住工业交通土地类型可为天敌提供优良的越冬场所。因此,可通过优化农田景观中作物生境布局,调节自然天敌种群的组成和数量,从而强化区域性农田景观中自然天敌的生物控害功能。
It is one of the most important prerequisites to clarify the ecological effects of regional farmland landscape patterns on predatory natural enemies for the ecological regulation of regional pests. In this paper, the regional corn planting area was selected as object and 87 county survey points were selected from Shandong Province. Based on the satellite remote sensing images, land cover classification data and field survey data, the predatory natural enemies were analyzed with the responses to the area of seven land types including corn fields, cultivated land, residential industrial traffic, grassland, woodland, water and unused land at six spatial scales(5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 km). The results showed that predatory natural enemies had significantly positive responses to arable land and residential industrial traffic at the six spatial scales, and had a significantly positive correlation with the cornfield area at 1 km scale. Cultivated land and cornfield could be used as places to cultivate natural enemies. Residential industrial traffic patches might provide excellent wintering sites for natural enemies. By optimizing the agricultural landscape such as the crop patterns, the species and quantity of natural enemy insects could be directly adjusted and increased, thereby improving the biological control service function of natural enemy insects in the regional farmland landscape.
It is one of the most important prerequisites to clarify the ecological effects of regional farmland landscape patterns on predatory natural enemies for the ecological regulation of regional pests. In this paper, the regional corn planting area was selected as object and 87 county survey points were selected from Shandong Province. Based on the satellite remote sensing images, land cover classification data and field survey data, the predatory natural enemies were analyzed with the responses to the area of seven land types including corn fields, cultivated land, residential industrial traffic, grassland, woodland, water and unused land at six spatial scales(5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 km). The results showed that predatory natural enemies had significantly positive responses to arable land and residential industrial traffic at the six spatial scales, and had a significantly positive correlation with the cornfield area at 1 km scale. Cultivated land and cornfield could be used as places to cultivate natural enemies. Residential industrial traffic patches might provide excellent wintering sites for natural enemies. By optimizing the agricultural landscape such as the crop patterns, the species and quantity of natural enemy insects could be directly adjusted and increased, thereby improving the biological control service function of natural enemy insects in the regional farmland landscape.
引文
[1] 李永平.2018年农药使用量略有下降预计2019年农药需求形势好于今年[J].今日农药,2018(12):33-35.
[2] 吴孔明.中国农作物病虫害防控科技的发展方向[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):35-38.
[3] 戈峰.害虫生态调控的原理与方法[J].生态学杂志,1998(2):38-42.
[4] 戈峰,欧阳芳,门兴元.区域性农田景观对昆虫的生态学效应与展望[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(8):830-835.
[5] Schmidt M H,Roschewitz I,Thies C.Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,42(2):281-287.
[6] Men X Y,Ge F,Liu X H,et al.Diversity of arthropod communities in transgenic Bt cotton and nontransgenic cotton agroecosystems[J].Environmental Entomology,2003,32(2):270-275.
[7] Ouyang F,Men X Y,Yang B,et al.Maize benefits the predatory beetle,Propylea japonica (Thunberg),to provide potential to enhance biological control for aphids in cotton[J].PLoS One,2012,7:e44379.
[8] 欧阳芳,戈峰.农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态学效应[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1177-1183.
[9] 徐洪富,牟吉元,牟少敏,等.棉区夏玉米田节肢动物群落的研究[J].华东昆虫学报,1999(1):76-80.
[10] 闫占峰.玉米田蚜虫发生规律与其天敌互作关系研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[11] Losey J E,Vaughan M.The economic value of ecological services provided by insects[J].Bioscience,2006,56(4):311-323.
[12] Bianchi F J J A,Booij C J H,Tscharntke T.Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:a review on landscape composition,biodiversity and natural pest control[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2006,273(1595):1715-1727.
[13] Tscharntke T,Rand T A,Bianchi F J J A.The landscape context of trophic interactions:insect spillover across the crop–noncrop interface[J].Annales Zoologici Fennici,2005,42(2):421-432.
[14] Tylianakis J M,Alexandra-Maria K,Lozada T,et al.Spatial scale of observation affects alpha,beta and gamma diversity of cavity-nesting bees and wasps across a tropical land-use gradient[J].Journal of Biogeography,2006,33(7):1295-1304.
[15] Glen A S,Latham M C,Anderson D,et al.Landholder participation in regional-scale control of invasive predators:an adaptable landscape model[J].Biological Invasions,2016,19(1):329-338.
[16] Midega C A O,Jonsson M,Khan Z R,et al.Effects of landscape complexity and habitat management on stemborer colonization,parasitism and damage to maize[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2014,188:289-293.
[17] 欧阳芳,门兴元,关秀敏,等.区域性农田景观格局对麦蚜及其天敌种群的生态学效应[J].中国科学:生命科学,2016,46(1):139-150.
[18] 刘文惠,洪波,胡懿君,等.不同景观结构下麦田地面甲虫和蜘蛛物种多样性及优势种分布的时空动态[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(5):1299-1309.
[19] Geiger F,Bengtsson J,Berendse F,et al.Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2010,11(2):97-105.
[20] Schellhorn N A,Gagic V,Bommarco R.Time will tell:resource continuity bolsters ecosystem services[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2015,30:524-530.
[21] Tscharntke T,Karp D S,Chaplin-Kramer R,et al.When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control - five hypotheses[J].Biological Conservation,2016,204:449-458.
[22] Chaplinkramer R,O′Rourke M E,Blitzer E J,et al.A meta-analysis of crop pest and natural enemy response to landscape complexity[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14(9):922-932.
[23] Karp D S,Chaplin-Kramer R,Meehan T D,et al.Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2018,115(33):7863-7870.
[24] Wang S,Michaud J P,Tan X L,et al.The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China[J].Biocontrol,2011,56(2):193-206.
[25] 边振兴,龚玲春,果晓玉,等.农业景观组成对玉米螟天敌数量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2019,27(1):30-41.
[26] 赵紫华,欧阳芳,贺达汉.农业景观中不同生境界面麦蚜天敌的边缘效应与溢出效应[J].中国科学:生命科学,2012,42(10):825-840.山东 农业 科学 2019,51(6):130～134
[2] 吴孔明.中国农作物病虫害防控科技的发展方向[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):35-38.
[3] 戈峰.害虫生态调控的原理与方法[J].生态学杂志,1998(2):38-42.
[4] 戈峰,欧阳芳,门兴元.区域性农田景观对昆虫的生态学效应与展望[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(8):830-835.
[5] Schmidt M H,Roschewitz I,Thies C.Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,42(2):281-287.
[6] Men X Y,Ge F,Liu X H,et al.Diversity of arthropod communities in transgenic Bt cotton and nontransgenic cotton agroecosystems[J].Environmental Entomology,2003,32(2):270-275.
[7] Ouyang F,Men X Y,Yang B,et al.Maize benefits the predatory beetle,Propylea japonica (Thunberg),to provide potential to enhance biological control for aphids in cotton[J].PLoS One,2012,7:e44379.
[8] 欧阳芳,戈峰.农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态学效应[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1177-1183.
[9] 徐洪富,牟吉元,牟少敏,等.棉区夏玉米田节肢动物群落的研究[J].华东昆虫学报,1999(1):76-80.
[10] 闫占峰.玉米田蚜虫发生规律与其天敌互作关系研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[11] Losey J E,Vaughan M.The economic value of ecological services provided by insects[J].Bioscience,2006,56(4):311-323.
[12] Bianchi F J J A,Booij C J H,Tscharntke T.Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:a review on landscape composition,biodiversity and natural pest control[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2006,273(1595):1715-1727.
[13] Tscharntke T,Rand T A,Bianchi F J J A.The landscape context of trophic interactions:insect spillover across the crop–noncrop interface[J].Annales Zoologici Fennici,2005,42(2):421-432.
[14] Tylianakis J M,Alexandra-Maria K,Lozada T,et al.Spatial scale of observation affects alpha,beta and gamma diversity of cavity-nesting bees and wasps across a tropical land-use gradient[J].Journal of Biogeography,2006,33(7):1295-1304.
[15] Glen A S,Latham M C,Anderson D,et al.Landholder participation in regional-scale control of invasive predators:an adaptable landscape model[J].Biological Invasions,2016,19(1):329-338.
[16] Midega C A O,Jonsson M,Khan Z R,et al.Effects of landscape complexity and habitat management on stemborer colonization,parasitism and damage to maize[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2014,188:289-293.
[17] 欧阳芳,门兴元,关秀敏,等.区域性农田景观格局对麦蚜及其天敌种群的生态学效应[J].中国科学:生命科学,2016,46(1):139-150.
[18] 刘文惠,洪波,胡懿君,等.不同景观结构下麦田地面甲虫和蜘蛛物种多样性及优势种分布的时空动态[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(5):1299-1309.
[19] Geiger F,Bengtsson J,Berendse F,et al.Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2010,11(2):97-105.
[20] Schellhorn N A,Gagic V,Bommarco R.Time will tell:resource continuity bolsters ecosystem services[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2015,30:524-530.
[21] Tscharntke T,Karp D S,Chaplin-Kramer R,et al.When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control - five hypotheses[J].Biological Conservation,2016,204:449-458.
[22] Chaplinkramer R,O′Rourke M E,Blitzer E J,et al.A meta-analysis of crop pest and natural enemy response to landscape complexity[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14(9):922-932.
[23] Karp D S,Chaplin-Kramer R,Meehan T D,et al.Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2018,115(33):7863-7870.
[24] Wang S,Michaud J P,Tan X L,et al.The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China[J].Biocontrol,2011,56(2):193-206.
[25] 边振兴,龚玲春,果晓玉,等.农业景观组成对玉米螟天敌数量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2019,27(1):30-41.
[26] 赵紫华,欧阳芳,贺达汉.农业景观中不同生境界面麦蚜天敌的边缘效应与溢出效应[J].中国科学:生命科学,2012,42(10):825-840.山东 农业 科学 2019,51(6):130～134