桔梗辣椒间作对桔梗根系生长及产量品质的影响
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摘要
为探讨间作对桔梗根系发育及产量和品质的影响,在连种3年桔梗的地块进行桔梗辣椒间作试验。试验采取桔梗单作、桔梗与辣椒间作行比为3∶2,4∶2,5∶2。结果表明,间作桔梗的主根直径和主根长均大于单作桔梗,表明间作辣椒有利于桔梗根系生长。与单作相比,间作降低了桔梗侧根数,改变了侧根在主根上的分布位置,提高了桔梗的外观品质。桔梗辣椒行比3∶2间作模式的边行和中行的根系鲜重、侧根鲜重低于单作桔梗,差异显著,而主根鲜重高于单作桔梗,差异不显著。桔梗辣椒行比4∶2,5∶2间作种植的边行、中行桔梗根系鲜重、主根鲜重显著高于单作桔梗,侧根鲜重显著低于单作桔梗,说明桔梗辣椒行比4∶2,5∶2间作模式具有间作产量优势。间作显著影响桔梗根产量和根腐病发病率。桔梗辣椒4∶2,5∶2行比间作的桔梗根总产量和主根产量比单作桔梗分别增加4.88%,8.91%和14.23%,12.92%,而根腐病发病率显著低于桔梗单作。与桔梗辣椒行比5∶2间作相比,桔梗辣椒行比4∶2间作显著增加总皂苷和蛋白质含量,降低根腐病发病率,而主根产量无明显差异。由此得出,在连种3年桔梗的地块继续种植桔梗,桔梗辣椒行比4∶2间作优势最明显。
In order to investigate effects of Platycodon grandiflorum and pepper intercropping on root growth,yield and quality of P. grandiflorum,field experiments were conducted in the soils of continuously cultivated P. grandiflorum for three years. The cultivation model was designed as monoculture and intercropping. The monoculture of P. grandiflorum was denoted as CK and the intercrop association of P. grandiflorum/pepper was arranged as follow: in intercrops every two rows of pepper was planted between every three,four and five rows of P. grandiflorum,respectively,and denoted as JC32,JC42 and JC52. Results showed that taproot length and diameter of P. grandiflorum in intercropping association of JC32 was higher than those of P. grandiflorum in monoculture association. This fact suggested that P. grandiflorum intercropped with pepper facilitated its root growth. Compared with monoculture association,the number of lateral root in intercropping association was significantly decreased and the location of lateral root at taproot also altered. This fact suggested that P. grandiflorum intercropped with pepper enhanced appearance quality of P. grandiflorum root. Total root yield and taproot yield of P. grandiflorum in JC42 and JC52 intercropping associations were increased by 4. 88%,8. 91% and 14. 23%,12. 92%,respectively,compared with monoculture,while root rot incidence decreased significantly. Compared with JC52 intercropping association,JC42 intercropping association significantly increased total saponin and protein contents of P. grandiflorum,decreased root rot incidence,but did not affect taproot yield significantly. Considering root yield and quality,when P. grandiflorum planted in the soil having continuously cultivated P. grandiflorum for three years,the optimal cultivation model was every two rows of pepper was planted between four rows P. grandiflorum.
In order to investigate effects of Platycodon grandiflorum and pepper intercropping on root growth,yield and quality of P. grandiflorum,field experiments were conducted in the soils of continuously cultivated P. grandiflorum for three years. The cultivation model was designed as monoculture and intercropping. The monoculture of P. grandiflorum was denoted as CK and the intercrop association of P. grandiflorum/pepper was arranged as follow: in intercrops every two rows of pepper was planted between every three,four and five rows of P. grandiflorum,respectively,and denoted as JC32,JC42 and JC52. Results showed that taproot length and diameter of P. grandiflorum in intercropping association of JC32 was higher than those of P. grandiflorum in monoculture association. This fact suggested that P. grandiflorum intercropped with pepper facilitated its root growth. Compared with monoculture association,the number of lateral root in intercropping association was significantly decreased and the location of lateral root at taproot also altered. This fact suggested that P. grandiflorum intercropped with pepper enhanced appearance quality of P. grandiflorum root. Total root yield and taproot yield of P. grandiflorum in JC42 and JC52 intercropping associations were increased by 4. 88%,8. 91% and 14. 23%,12. 92%,respectively,compared with monoculture,while root rot incidence decreased significantly. Compared with JC52 intercropping association,JC42 intercropping association significantly increased total saponin and protein contents of P. grandiflorum,decreased root rot incidence,but did not affect taproot yield significantly. Considering root yield and quality,when P. grandiflorum planted in the soil having continuously cultivated P. grandiflorum for three years,the optimal cultivation model was every two rows of pepper was planted between four rows P. grandiflorum.
引文
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[21]祝丽香,王建华,孙印石.桔梗开花后可溶性糖和淀粉分配特性的研究[J].园艺学报,2010,37(2):319.
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[23]王明珠,陈学南.低丘红壤区花生持续高产的障碍及对策[J].花生学报,2005,34(2):17.
[24]Latz E,Eiisenhauer N,Ralll B C.Plant diversity improves protection against soil borne pathogens by fostering antagonistic bacterial communities[J].J Ecol,2012,6(1):1365.
[25]吴影,古绍彬,张永杰.辣椒中辣椒碱抑菌作用的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(29):9130.
[26]Pan Q,Bai Y,Wu J.Hierarchical plant responses and diversity loss after nitrogen addition:testing three functionally-based hypotheses in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].PLo S ONE,2011,6(10):1371.
[27]Jastrow J D,Miller R M.Neighbor influences on root morphology and mycorrhizal fungus colonization in tall grass prairie plants[J].Ecology,1993,72:561.
[28]祖艳群,胡文友,吴伯志,等.辣椒//玉米间作条件下作物对氮、磷和钾的吸收利用特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(12):234.
[29]韩春梅,李春龙,叶少平,等.不同栽培模式对生姜大田土壤酶活性及土壤养分的动态影响[J].北方园艺,2016(4):163.
[30]李博,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.不同种植方式对太子参品质和产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(17):4149.
[2]Janvier C,Villeneuve F,Alahouvette C,et al.Soil health through soil disease suppression:which strategy from descriptors to indicators[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2007,39:1.
[3]王田涛,王琦,王惠珍,等.连作条件下间作模式对当归生长特性和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):54.
[4]戴传超,谢慧,王兴祥,等.间作药材与接种内生真菌对连作花生土壤微生物区系及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2105.
[5]周德海,高峰,王在军,等.间作桔梗对烤烟主要农艺性状及效益的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(9):60.
[6]Takim F O.Advantages of maize-cowpea intercropping over sole cropping through competition indices[J].Agric Biodiver Res,2012,1:53.
[7]祝丽香,张文静,王鹏,等.桔梗间作模式中作物养分吸收和利用对间作优势的贡献[J].中国林副特产,2016,2(1):5.
[8]Jana R,Zuzana M,Markus F.Ecological rather than geographic or genetic distance affects local adaptation or the rare perennial herb,Aster amellus[J].Biol Conserv,2007,139:348.
[9]张向前,黄国勤,卞新民,等.间作对玉米品质、产量及土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7082.
[10]赵平,范茂攀,赵秀英.玉米辣椒混作条件下磷养分吸收利用研究[J].江苏农业科学,2004,240(4):99.
[11]耿广东,张素勤,程智慧.辣椒根系分泌物的化感作用及其化感物质分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(6):873.
[12]吴悦明,孙芙蓉,徐玉芳,等.桔梗根腐病发生原因及防治措施研究[J].山东农业大学学报,2008,39(3):424.
[13]Mou P,Jones R H.Morphological and physiological plasticity of plant roots when nutrients are both spatially and temporally heterogeneous[J].Plant Soil,2013,36(4):373.
[14]郝艳如,劳秀荣,孟庆强,等.玉米/小麦间作对根际土壤和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(8):20.
[15]祝丽香,王建华,耿慧云,等.桔梗的干物质累积及氮、磷、钾养分吸收特点[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):197.
[16]赵世杰.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:56.
[17]中国药典.一部[S].2015:33.
[18]蔡晓峰,张思荻,曾俊,等.基于主成分分析和聚类分析的栀子种质资源评价[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(14):30.
[19]Kroon H,Mommer L.Root foraging theory put to the test[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2005,21:113.
[20]Lynch D J,Matamala R,Iversen C M.Stored carbon partly fuesl fine-root respiration but is not used for production of new fine roots[J].New Phytol,2013,199:420.
[21]祝丽香,王建华,孙印石.桔梗开花后可溶性糖和淀粉分配特性的研究[J].园艺学报,2010,37(2):319.
[22]Ren L X,Shi M S,Xing M Y,et al.Intercropping with aerobic rice suppressed Fusarium wilt in watermelon[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40:834.
[23]王明珠,陈学南.低丘红壤区花生持续高产的障碍及对策[J].花生学报,2005,34(2):17.
[24]Latz E,Eiisenhauer N,Ralll B C.Plant diversity improves protection against soil borne pathogens by fostering antagonistic bacterial communities[J].J Ecol,2012,6(1):1365.
[25]吴影,古绍彬,张永杰.辣椒中辣椒碱抑菌作用的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(29):9130.
[26]Pan Q,Bai Y,Wu J.Hierarchical plant responses and diversity loss after nitrogen addition:testing three functionally-based hypotheses in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].PLo S ONE,2011,6(10):1371.
[27]Jastrow J D,Miller R M.Neighbor influences on root morphology and mycorrhizal fungus colonization in tall grass prairie plants[J].Ecology,1993,72:561.
[28]祖艳群,胡文友,吴伯志,等.辣椒//玉米间作条件下作物对氮、磷和钾的吸收利用特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(12):234.
[29]韩春梅,李春龙,叶少平,等.不同栽培模式对生姜大田土壤酶活性及土壤养分的动态影响[J].北方园艺,2016(4):163.
[30]李博,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.不同种植方式对太子参品质和产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(17):4149.