4YD-3型背负式玉米收割机设计研究
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摘要
针对目前玉米收割机多为自走式,机身庞大、价格昂贵、动力资源利用率低的问题,设计4YD-3型背负式玉米收割机。该文重点对收割机关键部件割台、升运装置、秸秆还田装置和果穗箱进行设计分析,确定收割机各关键部件的结构与运动参数。设计的玉米收割机具有结构简单、拆装方便的特点。田间试验表明,该机生产率约0.67hm2/h,果穗损失率≤3%,茎秆切碎合格率≥90%,可实现玉米摘穗、升运、果穗集箱和秸秆还田一体化作业。
In view of the fact that the current corn harvesters are mostly self-propelled,the fuselage is large,expensive,and the utilization of power resources is low,the 4YD-3piggyback corn harvester is designed.This paper focuses on the design and analysis of the cutting table,lifting device,straw returning device and fruit box of the harvester,and the structure and motion parameters of key components of the harvester are determined.The designed corn harvester has the characteristics of simple structure,convenient disassembly and assembly,field tests showed that the productivity of the machine was about 0.67hm2/h,the loss rate of the ear was less than or equal to 3%,and the pass rate of cullet minceration was greater than or equal to 90%.It can realize the integrated operation of picking,conveying,ear box and straw returning during corn harvesting.
In view of the fact that the current corn harvesters are mostly self-propelled,the fuselage is large,expensive,and the utilization of power resources is low,the 4YD-3piggyback corn harvester is designed.This paper focuses on the design and analysis of the cutting table,lifting device,straw returning device and fruit box of the harvester,and the structure and motion parameters of key components of the harvester are determined.The designed corn harvester has the characteristics of simple structure,convenient disassembly and assembly,field tests showed that the productivity of the machine was about 0.67hm2/h,the loss rate of the ear was less than or equal to 3%,and the pass rate of cullet minceration was greater than or equal to 90%.It can realize the integrated operation of picking,conveying,ear box and straw returning during corn harvesting.
引文
[1]成运伟.对我国发展玉米区域性机械化与规模化制种促进农业产业升级的趋势分析[J].种子世界,2016(11):1-4.
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[6]耿端阳,张道林,李清华,等.玉米收获机拨禾导向装置技术参数的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(S1):45-49.Geng Duanyang,Zhang Daolin,Li Qinghua,et al.Experimental study on technical parameters of raking and conveying device of corn harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(S1):45-49.
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[10]宋学锋,戴飞,张锋伟,等.90°弯管内玉米颗粒气固耦合运动特性分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(11):67-71.Song Xuefeng,Dai Fei,Zhang Fengwei,et al.Analysis of corn granular movement characteristics in 90°elbow based on gas-solid coupling method[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(11):67-71.
[11]王永刚,张国海,张恒,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米收获现状分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(11):112-115.Wang Yonggang,Zhang Guohai,Zhang Heng,et al.A-nalysis on current status of summer maize harvest in Huang-Huai-Hai area[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(11):112-115.
[12]黄继承,张彬,田昆鹏,等.4LYZ-3K型穗茎兼收玉米收获机设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(10):7-11,27.Huang Jicheng,Zhang Bin,Tian Kunpeng,et al.Design and experiment on the 4LYZ-3Kcorn combine harvesting both stalk and spike[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(10):7-11,27.
[13]何珂,王骞,耿端阳,等.玉米柔性脱粒滚筒仿真分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(7):53-58.He Ke,Wang Qian,Geng Duanyang,et al.Simulation and analysis of flexible threshing cylinder of corn[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(7):53-58.
[14]肖文东,程敬春,杜志高.不同行数玉米收获机草箱设计试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(7):21-24,29.Xiao Wendong,Cheng Jingchun,Du Zhigao.Experimental study on the design of grass box for different rows of corn harvester[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(7):21-24,29.
[15]孙超,张进龙,杨宝玲,等.玉米果穗根部和穗柄拉伸力学特性测试[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(6):7-10.Sun Chao,Zhang Jinlong,Yang Baoling,et al.Tensile test of ear base and ear stem[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(6):7-10.
[16]樊宏鹏,张克平,孙步功,等.玉米/小麦间作模式下小麦收获机机架模态分析及结构优化[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(5):15-20.Fan Hongpeng,Zhang Keping,Sun Bugong,et al.Modal analysis and structural optimization of wheat harvester frame for maize/wheat intercropping[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(5):15-20.
[2]张丽娜.机械化生产对我国玉米产业竞争力影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.Zhang Lina.Study on the influence of mechanized production on competitiveness of maize industry in China[D].Beijing:China Agriculture University,2017.
[3]丁鑫.我国玉米产业现状及发展趋势[J].现代农村科技,2017(10):10-11.
[4]邢荣平,黄欣,焦建伟.对我国玉米种业发展的思考[J].农业与技术,2018,38(15):156-157.
[5]张喜瑞,董佑福.我国玉米收获机械化的现状与发展趋势[C].全国玉米收获保护性耕作机械化学术研讨会论文集,2006.
[6]耿端阳,张道林,李清华,等.玉米收获机拨禾导向装置技术参数的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(S1):45-49.Geng Duanyang,Zhang Daolin,Li Qinghua,et al.Experimental study on technical parameters of raking and conveying device of corn harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(S1):45-49.
[7]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[8]张道林,孙永进,赵洪光.自走式穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):79-82.Zhang Daolin,Sun Yongjin,Zhao Hongguang.Design and experiment of the self-propelled combine harvester for corn and stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(1):79-82.
[9]张晋国,高焕文,杨光.不同条件下麦秸切碎效果的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(3):70-72.Zhang Jinguo,Gao Huanwen,Yang Guang.Study on the chopping property of wheat straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2000,16(3):70-72.
[10]宋学锋,戴飞,张锋伟,等.90°弯管内玉米颗粒气固耦合运动特性分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(11):67-71.Song Xuefeng,Dai Fei,Zhang Fengwei,et al.Analysis of corn granular movement characteristics in 90°elbow based on gas-solid coupling method[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(11):67-71.
[11]王永刚,张国海,张恒,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米收获现状分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(11):112-115.Wang Yonggang,Zhang Guohai,Zhang Heng,et al.A-nalysis on current status of summer maize harvest in Huang-Huai-Hai area[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(11):112-115.
[12]黄继承,张彬,田昆鹏,等.4LYZ-3K型穗茎兼收玉米收获机设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(10):7-11,27.Huang Jicheng,Zhang Bin,Tian Kunpeng,et al.Design and experiment on the 4LYZ-3Kcorn combine harvesting both stalk and spike[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(10):7-11,27.
[13]何珂,王骞,耿端阳,等.玉米柔性脱粒滚筒仿真分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(7):53-58.He Ke,Wang Qian,Geng Duanyang,et al.Simulation and analysis of flexible threshing cylinder of corn[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(7):53-58.
[14]肖文东,程敬春,杜志高.不同行数玉米收获机草箱设计试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(7):21-24,29.Xiao Wendong,Cheng Jingchun,Du Zhigao.Experimental study on the design of grass box for different rows of corn harvester[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(7):21-24,29.
[15]孙超,张进龙,杨宝玲,等.玉米果穗根部和穗柄拉伸力学特性测试[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(6):7-10.Sun Chao,Zhang Jinlong,Yang Baoling,et al.Tensile test of ear base and ear stem[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(6):7-10.
[16]樊宏鹏,张克平,孙步功,等.玉米/小麦间作模式下小麦收获机机架模态分析及结构优化[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(5):15-20.Fan Hongpeng,Zhang Keping,Sun Bugong,et al.Modal analysis and structural optimization of wheat harvester frame for maize/wheat intercropping[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(5):15-20.