寒地不同玉米品种影响机收质量关键因素研究
|
摘要
2016年选用本地区主栽的30个品种,开展玉米子粒机收试验,研究寒地玉米子粒机收质量的现状和影响玉米子粒直收质量的关键因素,分析当前寒地不同玉米品种子粒机收质量并分析不同品种子粒机收产量损失与含水率、破碎率、杂质率、落穗损失、落粒损失的关系。结果表明,供试品种收获平均子粒含水率为26.88%,机收破碎率平均为5.24%,杂质率为0.96%,产量损失率为5.20%,其中落穗损失平均为4.39%,落粒损失平均为0.47%。破碎率和产量损失率偏高是当前寒地玉米子粒直收主要问题。各因素相关分析结果表明,含水率与破碎率呈极显著正相关,其中破碎率(y)与子粒含水率(x)符合一元一次方程y=0.268 8x-1.979 4(R~2=0.439 5**,n=90)。寒地玉米宜机收品种应具有早熟、收获子粒含水率低、脱水快且稳产的特性。
In 2016, 30 maize varieties were selected to explore the key factors influencing grain quality of me-chanical kernel harvest in cold regions of China. The grain quality of these varieties and the relationship betweengrain quality and grain water content, kernel breakage rate, impurity rate, ear dropping rate, kernel dropping rate oryield loss rate were analyzed. For the 30 varieties tested in the study, the average kernel breakage rate is 5.24%, theaverage grain moisture content at harvest time was 26.88%, the impurity rate is 0.96%, the yield loss rate is 5.20%,of which 4.39% results from ear dropping and 0.47% from kernel dropping. The higher kernel breakage rate andhigher yield loss rate are the two main problems for maize mechanical kernel harvest in the cold area. Further, corre-lation analysis indicates that average grain moisture content(x) has a significant positive correlation with kernelbreakage rate(y), and fit to the equation y=0.268 8 x-1.979 4(R2=0.439 5**, n=90). In total, the maize variety suit-able for mechanical kernel harvest in cold areas need process the characteristics of early maturity, low moisture con-tent at harvest, and fast dehydration rate.
In 2016, 30 maize varieties were selected to explore the key factors influencing grain quality of me-chanical kernel harvest in cold regions of China. The grain quality of these varieties and the relationship betweengrain quality and grain water content, kernel breakage rate, impurity rate, ear dropping rate, kernel dropping rate oryield loss rate were analyzed. For the 30 varieties tested in the study, the average kernel breakage rate is 5.24%, theaverage grain moisture content at harvest time was 26.88%, the impurity rate is 0.96%, the yield loss rate is 5.20%,of which 4.39% results from ear dropping and 0.47% from kernel dropping. The higher kernel breakage rate andhigher yield loss rate are the two main problems for maize mechanical kernel harvest in the cold area. Further, corre-lation analysis indicates that average grain moisture content(x) has a significant positive correlation with kernelbreakage rate(y), and fit to the equation y=0.268 8 x-1.979 4(R2=0.439 5**, n=90). In total, the maize variety suit-able for mechanical kernel harvest in cold areas need process the characteristics of early maturity, low moisture con-tent at harvest, and fast dehydration rate.
引文
[1]赵久然,王荣焕.中国玉米生产发展历程、存在问题及对策[J].中国农业科技导报,2013,15(3):1-6.Zhao J R,Wang R H.Development course,existing problems and countermeasures of maize production in China[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2013,15(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2]焦宏业.冀中南玉米机械化收获发展状况及育种对策[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(10):364-365.Jiao H Y.Development status and breeding strategies of maize mechanized harvesting in central and southern Hebei province[J].Journal of Anhui Aricultural Science,2015,43(10):364-365.(in Chinese)
[3]裴建杰,范国昌.对玉米收获中子粒破碎和损失的影响因素试验研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(1):101-105.Pei J J,Fan G C.Study on the influencing factors of corn harvest neutron grain breakage and loss[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2012,35(1):101-105.(in Chinese)
[4]Waelti H.Physical properties and morphological characteristics of maize and their influence on threshing injury of kernels[D].Ames:Iowa State University,1967.
[5]Waelti H,Buchele W F.Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1969,12(1):55-59.
[6]Dutta P K.Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D].Ames:Iowa State University,1986.
[7]李文阁,邵连存.对我国目前玉米育种目标的思考[J].玉米科学,2005,13(增刊):7-8,11.Li W G,Shao L C.Reflections on current maize breeding targets in China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(S):7-8,11.(in Chinese)
[8]王统武.农业机械化和玉米商业化育种[J].玉米科学,2006,14(增刊):33-34.Wang T W.Agricultural mechanization and commercial maize breeding[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(S):33-34.(in Chinese)
[9]雷晓鹏.黄淮海地区玉米机械收获子粒可行性研究[D].河北农业大学.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会.玉米收获机械技术条件:GB/T 21962-2008.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会.玉米质量指标:GB1353-2009.
[12]王克如,李璐璐,郭银巧,等.不同机械作业对玉米子粒收获质量的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):114-116.Wang K R,Li L L,Guo Y Q,et al.Effect of different mechanical work on corn grain harvesting quality[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(1):114-116.(in Chinese)
[13]栗建枝,李齐霞,李中青,等.不同玉米品种子粒脱水特性[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(5):438-442.Li J Z,L Li Q X,Li Z Q,et al.Grain dehydration characteristics of different maize varieties[J].Shanxi Agricultural Science,2014,42(5):438-442.(in Chinese)
[14]金益,王振华,张永林,等.玉米杂交种蜡熟后子粒自然脱水速率差异分析[J].东北农业大学学报,1997(3):29-32.Jin Y,Wang Z H,Zhang C L,et al.Difference analysis of natural dehydration rate of corn hybrids after wax ripening[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,1997(3):29-32.(in Chinese)
[15]雷蕾,王威镇,方伟,等.影响夏玉米生理成熟后子粒脱水的相关因素分析[J].玉米科学,2016,24(3):103-109.Lei L L,Wang W Z,Fang W,et al.Analysis of relevant factors affecting grain dehydration after physiological maturity of aummer maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(3):103-109.(in Chinese)
[16]柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析[J].作物杂志,2013(4):116-119.Liu F H,Wang K R,Li J,at al.Analysis of factors affecting the quality of mechanical grain harvesting of maize[J].Journal of Crop,2013(4):116-119.(in Chinese)
[17]谢瑞芝,雷晓鹏,王克如,等.黄淮海夏玉米子粒机械收获研究初报[J].作物杂志,2014(2):76-79.Xie R Z,Lei X P,Wang K R,et al.Preliminary report on mechanical harvesting of summer maize seeds in Huanghuai and Hainan province[J].Journal of Crop,2014(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[18]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):236-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q.Current situation of mechanical grain yield quality of maize and its relation with water content[J].Agricultural Science in China,2017,50(11):236-2043.(in Chinese)
[19]Plett S.Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain mois-ture at harvest in a prairie environment[J].Canada Journal Plant Science,1994,74(3):543-544.
[20]Chowdhury M H,Buchele W F.The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1978:610-614.
[21]宋卫堂,封俊,胡鸿烈.北京地区夏玉米联合收获的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(5):45-48.Song W T,Feng J,Hu H L.Experimental study on combined harvest of summer maize in Beijing[J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(5):45-48.(in Chinese)
[22]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.Li L L,Lei X P,Xie R Z,et al.Analysis of Influencing factors on mechanical grainy yield quality of summer maize[J].Agricultural Science in China,2017,50(11):2044-2051.(in Chinese)
[2]焦宏业.冀中南玉米机械化收获发展状况及育种对策[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(10):364-365.Jiao H Y.Development status and breeding strategies of maize mechanized harvesting in central and southern Hebei province[J].Journal of Anhui Aricultural Science,2015,43(10):364-365.(in Chinese)
[3]裴建杰,范国昌.对玉米收获中子粒破碎和损失的影响因素试验研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(1):101-105.Pei J J,Fan G C.Study on the influencing factors of corn harvest neutron grain breakage and loss[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2012,35(1):101-105.(in Chinese)
[4]Waelti H.Physical properties and morphological characteristics of maize and their influence on threshing injury of kernels[D].Ames:Iowa State University,1967.
[5]Waelti H,Buchele W F.Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1969,12(1):55-59.
[6]Dutta P K.Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D].Ames:Iowa State University,1986.
[7]李文阁,邵连存.对我国目前玉米育种目标的思考[J].玉米科学,2005,13(增刊):7-8,11.Li W G,Shao L C.Reflections on current maize breeding targets in China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(S):7-8,11.(in Chinese)
[8]王统武.农业机械化和玉米商业化育种[J].玉米科学,2006,14(增刊):33-34.Wang T W.Agricultural mechanization and commercial maize breeding[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(S):33-34.(in Chinese)
[9]雷晓鹏.黄淮海地区玉米机械收获子粒可行性研究[D].河北农业大学.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会.玉米收获机械技术条件:GB/T 21962-2008.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会.玉米质量指标:GB1353-2009.
[12]王克如,李璐璐,郭银巧,等.不同机械作业对玉米子粒收获质量的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):114-116.Wang K R,Li L L,Guo Y Q,et al.Effect of different mechanical work on corn grain harvesting quality[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(1):114-116.(in Chinese)
[13]栗建枝,李齐霞,李中青,等.不同玉米品种子粒脱水特性[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(5):438-442.Li J Z,L Li Q X,Li Z Q,et al.Grain dehydration characteristics of different maize varieties[J].Shanxi Agricultural Science,2014,42(5):438-442.(in Chinese)
[14]金益,王振华,张永林,等.玉米杂交种蜡熟后子粒自然脱水速率差异分析[J].东北农业大学学报,1997(3):29-32.Jin Y,Wang Z H,Zhang C L,et al.Difference analysis of natural dehydration rate of corn hybrids after wax ripening[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,1997(3):29-32.(in Chinese)
[15]雷蕾,王威镇,方伟,等.影响夏玉米生理成熟后子粒脱水的相关因素分析[J].玉米科学,2016,24(3):103-109.Lei L L,Wang W Z,Fang W,et al.Analysis of relevant factors affecting grain dehydration after physiological maturity of aummer maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(3):103-109.(in Chinese)
[16]柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析[J].作物杂志,2013(4):116-119.Liu F H,Wang K R,Li J,at al.Analysis of factors affecting the quality of mechanical grain harvesting of maize[J].Journal of Crop,2013(4):116-119.(in Chinese)
[17]谢瑞芝,雷晓鹏,王克如,等.黄淮海夏玉米子粒机械收获研究初报[J].作物杂志,2014(2):76-79.Xie R Z,Lei X P,Wang K R,et al.Preliminary report on mechanical harvesting of summer maize seeds in Huanghuai and Hainan province[J].Journal of Crop,2014(2):76-79.(in Chinese)
[18]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):236-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q.Current situation of mechanical grain yield quality of maize and its relation with water content[J].Agricultural Science in China,2017,50(11):236-2043.(in Chinese)
[19]Plett S.Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain mois-ture at harvest in a prairie environment[J].Canada Journal Plant Science,1994,74(3):543-544.
[20]Chowdhury M H,Buchele W F.The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1978:610-614.
[21]宋卫堂,封俊,胡鸿烈.北京地区夏玉米联合收获的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(5):45-48.Song W T,Feng J,Hu H L.Experimental study on combined harvest of summer maize in Beijing[J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(5):45-48.(in Chinese)
[22]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.Li L L,Lei X P,Xie R Z,et al.Analysis of Influencing factors on mechanical grainy yield quality of summer maize[J].Agricultural Science in China,2017,50(11):2044-2051.(in Chinese)