胡麻残茬水提液化感自毒作用研究
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摘要
为探讨胡麻不同器官残茬的自毒作用,明确残茬根、茎及叶中的主要自毒物质,分别制备水提液,以蒸馏水为对照,设置不同浓度梯度水提液,用于胡麻种子萌发及幼苗生长实验,通过测定发芽势、发芽率、株高及根重等指标确定自毒效应,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分析胡麻残茬根、茎及叶中的主要自毒物质。结果显示,胡麻残茬根、茎及叶水提液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长总体上表现为"低促高抑"作用,且存在浓度效应。随着水提液浓度增加,胡麻残茬叶水提液最先到达临界浓度,其次为茎水提液,最后为根水提液。综合效应显示,胡麻不同残茬器官水提液化感自毒作用强弱关系为:残茬叶>残茬茎>残茬根。胡麻残茬根、茎及叶水提液中分别鉴定出8种、21种和14种化合物,主要包括酸类和酯类,含量最多的自毒物质为棕榈酸和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。胡麻残茬根、茎及叶水提液对种子萌发及幼苗生长具有显著的化感自毒效应,可能是导致胡麻连作障碍的主要原因之一。
In order to investigate the allelopathy autotoxicity of oil flax stubble and identify the organic compounds responsible for its autotoxicity,aqueous extracts of stubble root,stem and leaf were prepared respectively.Different concentrations of gradient aqueous extracts were set for seed germination and seedling growth experiments.The autotoxic effects were determined by measuring germination potential,germination rate,seeding length and root weight,etc;and the main autotoxic chemical substances of the stubble root,stem and leaf were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the stubble root,stem and leaf aqueous extracts of oil flax inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner.With the increase of aqueous extract concentration,the aqueous extract from the stubble leaves reached the critical concentration first,followed by the aqueous extract of stubble stem,and finally the aqueous extract of the stubble root.The synthesis effect showed that the relationship between the aqueous extract of different stubble organs and the autotoxicity is that stubble leaf > stubble stem > stubble root.Eight,twenty-one and fourteen compounds were identified in aqueous extracts of root,stem and leaf,respectively,including acids and esters.The most abundant autotoxins was palmitic acid.These results showed that aqueous extracts of oil flax stubble significantly affected seed germination and seedling growth,which could be one of the main cause of continuous cropping obstacles of oil flax.
In order to investigate the allelopathy autotoxicity of oil flax stubble and identify the organic compounds responsible for its autotoxicity,aqueous extracts of stubble root,stem and leaf were prepared respectively.Different concentrations of gradient aqueous extracts were set for seed germination and seedling growth experiments.The autotoxic effects were determined by measuring germination potential,germination rate,seeding length and root weight,etc;and the main autotoxic chemical substances of the stubble root,stem and leaf were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the stubble root,stem and leaf aqueous extracts of oil flax inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner.With the increase of aqueous extract concentration,the aqueous extract from the stubble leaves reached the critical concentration first,followed by the aqueous extract of stubble stem,and finally the aqueous extract of the stubble root.The synthesis effect showed that the relationship between the aqueous extract of different stubble organs and the autotoxicity is that stubble leaf > stubble stem > stubble root.Eight,twenty-one and fourteen compounds were identified in aqueous extracts of root,stem and leaf,respectively,including acids and esters.The most abundant autotoxins was palmitic acid.These results showed that aqueous extracts of oil flax stubble significantly affected seed germination and seedling growth,which could be one of the main cause of continuous cropping obstacles of oil flax.
引文
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[13]郑阳霞,唐海东,李焕秀,等.嫁接西瓜根、茎叶的化感效应及化感物质的鉴定[J].核农学报,2011,25(6):1280-1285.
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[16] Jiang G Y,Li Y B,Liu J G. Autotoxicity potential of cotton tissues and root exudates and identification of its autotoxins[J]. Allelopathy J,2013,32(2):279-288.
[17] Dorning M,Cipollini D. Leaf and root extracts of the invasive shrub,Lonicera maackii,inhibit seed germination of three herbs with No autotoxic effects[J]. Plant Ecol,2006,184(2):287-296.
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[20]周秀梅,王玉杰,李保印,等.木香薷水浸液对其种子萌发的自化感效应[J].北方园艺,2016(15):62-66.
[21]袁莉,鲁为华,于磊.紫花苜蓿生长前期各部位提取液对种子萌发的自毒作用[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):111-114.
[22] Liu J G,Li Y B,Jiang G Y,et al. Allelopathic effects of cotton in continuous cropping[J]. Allelop J,2008,21(2):299-306.
[23]黄钰芳,张恩和,张新慧,等.兰州百合根及鳞茎水浸液自毒作用的研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(8):93-103.
[24]李彦斌,刘建国,谷冬艳.植物化感自毒作用及其在农业中的应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(S1):347-350.
[25] Chu L R,Pan K,Wu F Z,et al. Effects of hexadecanoic acid on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum control and on growth of watermelon[J]. Allelopathy J,2014,34(2):241-252.
[26]罗影,王立光,陈军,等.不同种植模式对甘肃中部高寒区胡麻田土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1185-1191.
[2] Sun J,Zhang Q,Zhou J,et al. Illumina amplicon sequencing of 16S RNA tag reveals bacterial community development in the rhizosphere of apple nurseries at a replant disease site and a new planting site[J]. PLo S One,2014,9(10):e111744.
[3] Bertin C,Yang X H,Weston L A. The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere[J]. Plant Soil,2003,256(1):67-83.
[4] Schaffer W M,Fox G A. Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities[J]. Bullet Mathem Biol,1989,51(3):409-411.
[5]胡帅珂,高岩,王莘.水稻残茬自毒作用研究[J].现代农业科技,2012(5):51-52.
[6]韩丽梅,王树起,鞠会艳,等.大豆根茬腐解产物的鉴定及化感作用的初步研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):771-778.
[7]沙红,高燕,李雪源.棉花植株水提取液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的自毒作用[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(5):826-830.
[8] Huang Y Q,Han X R,Yang J F,et al. Autotoxicity of peanut and identification of phytotoxic substances in rhizosphere soil[J]. Allelopathy J,2013,31(2):297-308.
[9]王广印,韩世栋,谢玉会,等.辣椒植株水浸液对辣椒和番茄种子萌发的自毒作用[J].华北农学报,2009,24(3):123-127.
[10]张文明,邱慧珍,张春红,等.连作马铃薯不同生育期根系分泌物的成分检测及其自毒效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):215-224.
[11]王田涛,王琦,王惠珍,等.当归自毒作用和其对不同作物的化感效应[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1132-1138.
[12]马红梅,赵培芳.灵芝连作障碍下的自毒作用[J].北方园艺,2016(6):133-136.
[13]郑阳霞,唐海东,李焕秀,等.嫁接西瓜根、茎叶的化感效应及化感物质的鉴定[J].核农学报,2011,25(6):1280-1285.
[14] Tawaha A M,Turk M A. Allelopathic effects of black mustard(Brassica nigra)on germination and growth of wild barley(Hordeum spontaneum)[J]. J Agron Crop Sci,2003,189(5):298-303.
[15] Turk M A,Tawaha A M. Allelopathic effect of black mustard(Brassica nigra L.)on germination and growth of wild oat(Avena fatua L.)[J]. Crop Prot,2003,22(4):673-677.
[16] Jiang G Y,Li Y B,Liu J G. Autotoxicity potential of cotton tissues and root exudates and identification of its autotoxins[J]. Allelopathy J,2013,32(2):279-288.
[17] Dorning M,Cipollini D. Leaf and root extracts of the invasive shrub,Lonicera maackii,inhibit seed germination of three herbs with No autotoxic effects[J]. Plant Ecol,2006,184(2):287-296.
[18]陈军,罗影,王立光,等.不同种植模式土壤水浸提液对胡麻的化感效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(3):125-130.
[19] Bruce Williamson G,Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J]. J Chem Ecol,1988,14(1):181-187.
[20]周秀梅,王玉杰,李保印,等.木香薷水浸液对其种子萌发的自化感效应[J].北方园艺,2016(15):62-66.
[21]袁莉,鲁为华,于磊.紫花苜蓿生长前期各部位提取液对种子萌发的自毒作用[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):111-114.
[22] Liu J G,Li Y B,Jiang G Y,et al. Allelopathic effects of cotton in continuous cropping[J]. Allelop J,2008,21(2):299-306.
[23]黄钰芳,张恩和,张新慧,等.兰州百合根及鳞茎水浸液自毒作用的研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(8):93-103.
[24]李彦斌,刘建国,谷冬艳.植物化感自毒作用及其在农业中的应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(S1):347-350.
[25] Chu L R,Pan K,Wu F Z,et al. Effects of hexadecanoic acid on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum control and on growth of watermelon[J]. Allelopathy J,2014,34(2):241-252.
[26]罗影,王立光,陈军,等.不同种植模式对甘肃中部高寒区胡麻田土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1185-1191.