利用超临界CO_2流体萃取小球藻精油中活性成分的工艺
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摘要
采用超临界CO_2萃取小球藻精油,通过单因素试验研究了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间和夹带剂用量对精油得率和精油中叶黄素浓度的影响,进一步采用响应面优化萃取工艺,得到小球藻精油的最佳萃取工艺是:萃取压力为24 MPa,萃取温度为36℃,萃取时间为3 h,夹带剂无水乙醇用量为155 mL。此时小球藻精油得率为5.68±0.06 (g/100 g藻粉)。叶黄素的最佳萃取工艺是:萃取压力为16 MPa,萃取温度为30℃,萃取时间为2.8 h,夹带剂无水乙醇用量为199 mL。得到叶黄素浓度为7.13±0.10 (mg/g小球藻精油)。此研究为超临界CO_2萃取小球藻精油及其活性成分提供基础数据。
Supercritical CO_2 was used to extract the essential oil of chlorella. The effects of extraction temperature, pressure,time and entrainer dosage on the yield of essential oil and the concentration of lutein in the essential oil were studied by single factor experiment. The extraction process of chlorella essential oil was then optimized by using response surface optimization.The extraction conditions were optimized as 24 MPa of pressure, 36 ℃ of temperature, and 3 h of time and 155 mL of ethanol content of entrainer. The yield of Chlorella oil was 5.68±0.06 g/100 g powder. The extraction conditions for xanthophylls were optimized as 16 MPa of extraction pressure, 30 ℃ of temperature, 2.8 h of time, and 199 mL of ethanol, by which the concentration of xanthophylls reached to 7.13±0.10 mg/g chlorella oil.
Supercritical CO_2 was used to extract the essential oil of chlorella. The effects of extraction temperature, pressure,time and entrainer dosage on the yield of essential oil and the concentration of lutein in the essential oil were studied by single factor experiment. The extraction process of chlorella essential oil was then optimized by using response surface optimization.The extraction conditions were optimized as 24 MPa of pressure, 36 ℃ of temperature, and 3 h of time and 155 mL of ethanol content of entrainer. The yield of Chlorella oil was 5.68±0.06 g/100 g powder. The extraction conditions for xanthophylls were optimized as 16 MPa of extraction pressure, 30 ℃ of temperature, 2.8 h of time, and 199 mL of ethanol, by which the concentration of xanthophylls reached to 7.13±0.10 mg/g chlorella oil.
引文
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[2]徐慧,纪道斌,崔玉洁,等.不同光照强度对小球藻生长的影响[J].微生物学通报,2016,43(5):1027-1034.
[3]陈峰.微藻生物技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.
[4]吴正云.小球藻异养培养的动力学分析与优化[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[5]杨铃,陈金伟.叶黄素的提取及应用研究进展[J].食品科技,2012,37(5):199-203.
[6]赵丹,尹洁.超临界流体萃取技术及其应用简介[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(15):4772-4780.
[7]MENDES R L,FERNANDES H L,COELHO J,et al.Supercritical CO2 extraction of carotenoids and other lipids from Chlorella vulgaris[J].Food Chemistry,1995,53(1):99-103.
[8]DEJOYE C,VIAN M A,LUMIA G,et al.Combined extraction processes of lipid from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae:Microwave prior to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2011,12(12):9332-9341.
[9]HU Q,PAN B,XU J,et al.Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction conditions on yields and antioxidant activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa extracts[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2007,80(4):997-1001.
[10]FAN X,HOU Y,HUANG X,et al.Ultrasoundenhanced subcritical CO2 extraction of lutein from Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(18):4597-4605.
[11]马海乐.超临界CO2萃取技术及其在生物资源开发利用中应用的最新进展[J].包装与食品机械,2001,19(2):1-5.
[12]白寿宁.超临界CO2萃取枸杞油研究[J].包装与食品机械,2000,18(1):18-22.
[13]苟晓亮,刁全平,郭华,等.HPLC法测定菇茑果实中叶黄素的含量[J].山东化工,2017,46(5):67-68.
[14]张学彬,陈孟涛,杨宇奇,等.均匀设计法优化超临界CO2萃取丁香精油工艺研究[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(17):50-54.
[15]LIU S,YANG F,ZHANG C,et al.Optimization of process parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Passiflora seed oil by response surface methodology[J]Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,48(1):9-14.
[16]LEE W Y,CHO Y J,SANG L O,et al.Extraction of grape seed oil by supercritical CO2 and ethanol modifier[J].Food Science&Biotechnology,2000,9:174-178.