玉米芯基和污泥基生物质炭对盐碱土壤理化性质及重金属有效性的影响
|
摘要
为了解玉米芯基和污泥基生物质炭应用于盐碱土壤改良的可行性,以玉米芯和剩余活性污泥为原料,在300℃～500℃条件下热解制备生物质炭,通过扫描电镜对其微观结构进行分析,并通过培养试验研究不同温度制备的生物质炭对盐碱土壤基本理化性质及重金属有效性的影响。结果表明:玉米芯、污泥碳化后微观结构更发达,比表面积更大;添加混合生物质炭能够显著增加盐碱土壤中有机碳含量,是对照土壤的3.66～10.13倍,而土壤中总氮、总磷、有效磷、速效钾含量变化幅度较小,水溶性盐含量降低明显,最大降低5.06 g·kg~(-1),且加入生物质炭后大幅度提高了土壤阳离子交换能力,提高了3～9.25倍,但混合生物质炭对土壤p H值影响不大;生物质炭能够有效降低土壤重金属有效态含量,且随着施用量增加而显著降低。
In order to understand the effect of biochar derived from corn cob and sludge in the saline-sodic soil improvement,we conducted a experiment to determine the effect of the biochar prepped under different temperatures on physical and chemical properties of saline soil and the availability of heavy metals. The biochar was prepared from corn cob and sludge treated at 300 ～ 500℃ before application to soil. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that biochar had more developed microstructure and greater specific surface area than corn cob and sludge. With increasing amount of biochar applied,the content of organic carbon in the saline soil was significantly improved by 3.66 ～ 10.13 times and the water soluble salt was decreased by 5.06 g·kg~(-1). However,the total N and P and available P and K were slightly changed. With increasing the amount of biochar,CEC in the saline soil was significantly improved by 3 ～ 9.25 times and soluble salts decreased significantly while soil pH was slightly lowered. Therefore,it is concluded that biochar application in the saline-sodic soil can effectively reduce the availability of heavy metals and the effectiveness increased with increasing the application rate.
In order to understand the effect of biochar derived from corn cob and sludge in the saline-sodic soil improvement,we conducted a experiment to determine the effect of the biochar prepped under different temperatures on physical and chemical properties of saline soil and the availability of heavy metals. The biochar was prepared from corn cob and sludge treated at 300 ～ 500℃ before application to soil. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that biochar had more developed microstructure and greater specific surface area than corn cob and sludge. With increasing amount of biochar applied,the content of organic carbon in the saline soil was significantly improved by 3.66 ～ 10.13 times and the water soluble salt was decreased by 5.06 g·kg~(-1). However,the total N and P and available P and K were slightly changed. With increasing the amount of biochar,CEC in the saline soil was significantly improved by 3 ～ 9.25 times and soluble salts decreased significantly while soil pH was slightly lowered. Therefore,it is concluded that biochar application in the saline-sodic soil can effectively reduce the availability of heavy metals and the effectiveness increased with increasing the application rate.
引文
[1]王佳丽,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.盐碱地可持续利用研究综述[J].地理学报,2011,66(05):673-684.
[2]马晨,马履,刘太祥.盐碱地改良利用技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(2):28-32.
[3]王海江,石建初,张花玲,等.不同改良措施下新疆重度盐渍土壤盐分变化与脱盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):102-111.
[4]宁晓光,赵秋.过磷酸钙对滨海盐土的改良效果[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(3):44-46.
[5] Roberts K G,Gloy B A,Joseph S,et al. Life cycle assessment ofbiochar systems:estimating the energetic,economic,and climatechange potential[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(2):827-833.
[6]吴诗雪,王欣,陈灿,等.凤眼莲、稻草和污泥制备生物炭的特性表征与环境影响解析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4021-4032.
[7]王红彦,张轩铭,王道龙,等.中国玉米芯资源量估算及其开发利用[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(1):1-8.
[8]杨敬涛,于景泉.玉米芯的加工与应用[J].农村新技术,2010(8):26-27.
[9]吕宏虹,宫艳艳,唐景春,等.生物炭及其复合材料的制备与应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(08):1429-1440.
[10]戴晓虎.我国城镇污泥处理处置现状及思考[J].给水排水,2012,38(2):1-5.
[11]尹军,谭学军,廖国盘,等.我国城市污水污泥的特性与处置现状[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(Z1):21-24.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:152-173.
[13]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[14]柯跃进,胡学玉,易卿,等.水稻秸秆生物炭对耕地土壤有机碳及其CO2释放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):93-99.
[15]王建俊,王格格,李刚,等.污泥资源化利用[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2015.
[16]张晗芝,黄云,刘钢,等.生物炭对玉米苗期生长、养分吸收及土壤化学性状的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2713-2717.
[17]颜钰,王子莹,金洁,等.不同生物质来源和热解温度条件下制备的生物炭对菲的吸附行为[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(09):1810-1816.
[18]林珈羽,张越,刘沅,等.控制热分解条件下制备生物炭及其表征[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(02):80-86.
[19]闫志成.污水污泥热解特性与工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[20]刘晶晶,杨兴,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭对土壤重金属形态转化及其有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3679-3687.
[21]高瑞丽,朱俊,汤帆,等.水稻秸秆生物炭对镉、铅复合污染土壤中重金属形态转化的短期影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):251-256.
[22] Tong X J,Li J Y,Yuan J H,et al. Adsorption of Cu(II)by bio-chars generated from three crop straws[J]. Chemical EngineeringJournal,2011,172(2-3):828-834.
[23] Beesley L,Marmiroli M. The immobilisation and retention of sol-uble arsenic,cadmium and zinc by biochar[J]. EnvironmentalPollution,2011,159(2):474-80.
[24] Cao X,Ma L,Liang Y,et al. Simultaneous immobilization oflead and atrazine in contaminated soils using dairy-manurebiochar[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(11):4884-4889.
[2]马晨,马履,刘太祥.盐碱地改良利用技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(2):28-32.
[3]王海江,石建初,张花玲,等.不同改良措施下新疆重度盐渍土壤盐分变化与脱盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):102-111.
[4]宁晓光,赵秋.过磷酸钙对滨海盐土的改良效果[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(3):44-46.
[5] Roberts K G,Gloy B A,Joseph S,et al. Life cycle assessment ofbiochar systems:estimating the energetic,economic,and climatechange potential[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(2):827-833.
[6]吴诗雪,王欣,陈灿,等.凤眼莲、稻草和污泥制备生物炭的特性表征与环境影响解析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4021-4032.
[7]王红彦,张轩铭,王道龙,等.中国玉米芯资源量估算及其开发利用[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(1):1-8.
[8]杨敬涛,于景泉.玉米芯的加工与应用[J].农村新技术,2010(8):26-27.
[9]吕宏虹,宫艳艳,唐景春,等.生物炭及其复合材料的制备与应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(08):1429-1440.
[10]戴晓虎.我国城镇污泥处理处置现状及思考[J].给水排水,2012,38(2):1-5.
[11]尹军,谭学军,廖国盘,等.我国城市污水污泥的特性与处置现状[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(Z1):21-24.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:152-173.
[13]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[14]柯跃进,胡学玉,易卿,等.水稻秸秆生物炭对耕地土壤有机碳及其CO2释放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):93-99.
[15]王建俊,王格格,李刚,等.污泥资源化利用[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2015.
[16]张晗芝,黄云,刘钢,等.生物炭对玉米苗期生长、养分吸收及土壤化学性状的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2713-2717.
[17]颜钰,王子莹,金洁,等.不同生物质来源和热解温度条件下制备的生物炭对菲的吸附行为[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(09):1810-1816.
[18]林珈羽,张越,刘沅,等.控制热分解条件下制备生物炭及其表征[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(02):80-86.
[19]闫志成.污水污泥热解特性与工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[20]刘晶晶,杨兴,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭对土壤重金属形态转化及其有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3679-3687.
[21]高瑞丽,朱俊,汤帆,等.水稻秸秆生物炭对镉、铅复合污染土壤中重金属形态转化的短期影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):251-256.
[22] Tong X J,Li J Y,Yuan J H,et al. Adsorption of Cu(II)by bio-chars generated from three crop straws[J]. Chemical EngineeringJournal,2011,172(2-3):828-834.
[23] Beesley L,Marmiroli M. The immobilisation and retention of sol-uble arsenic,cadmium and zinc by biochar[J]. EnvironmentalPollution,2011,159(2):474-80.
[24] Cao X,Ma L,Liang Y,et al. Simultaneous immobilization oflead and atrazine in contaminated soils using dairy-manurebiochar[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(11):4884-4889.