夫妻个人债务执行研析
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摘要
在个人财产不足以清偿夫妻个人债务的情况下,有两种执行路径:一是代位析产诉讼,二是不进行析产,直接执行夫妻共有财产中的应有份额。基于代位析产诉讼与执行的强制力、效率追求、夫妻甘苦与共的伦理要求相悖,我国应废除执行中的代位析产诉讼,以后者为进路。直接执行夫妻共有财产份额清偿个人债务,虽然实现了执行的强制力和效率要求,却会损害非负债配偶的共有财产权益。为消除此障碍,我国可借《民法典》编撰契机,完善夫妻债务清偿机制,借鉴法国共有财产补偿机制,实现对配偶方和债权人财产权益的双赢保障。如此,既契合了执行的效率追求,又维护了婚姻家庭的稳定性。
When one of the couples is the debtor and his or her personal property is not enough to pay out the debt,there are two route choices,one of which is that the creditor subrogates the debtor to bring an action to distribute the community property,the other of which is to directly execute the debtor`s fractional shares. In view of the contradiction between the compulsory force,efficiency pursuit and the ethical requirement of husband and wife' s sharing of happiness and suffering,China should abolish the subrogation litigation in execution,and the latter is the way forward. Direct implementation of the share of joint property of husband and wife to settle personal debts will damage the non-debt spouse's joint financial rights and interests,though it meets the mandatory force and efficient requirements of execution. In order to eliminate this obstacle,we can take the opportunity of compiling the Civil Code to improve the marital debt repayment mechanism,and learn from the French common property compensation mechanism,so as to realize the win-win protection of the property rights and interests of spouses and creditors. In this way,it not only conforms to the pursuit of efficiency of implementation,but also maintains the stability of marriage and family.
When one of the couples is the debtor and his or her personal property is not enough to pay out the debt,there are two route choices,one of which is that the creditor subrogates the debtor to bring an action to distribute the community property,the other of which is to directly execute the debtor`s fractional shares. In view of the contradiction between the compulsory force,efficiency pursuit and the ethical requirement of husband and wife' s sharing of happiness and suffering,China should abolish the subrogation litigation in execution,and the latter is the way forward. Direct implementation of the share of joint property of husband and wife to settle personal debts will damage the non-debt spouse's joint financial rights and interests,though it meets the mandatory force and efficient requirements of execution. In order to eliminate this obstacle,we can take the opportunity of compiling the Civil Code to improve the marital debt repayment mechanism,and learn from the French common property compensation mechanism,so as to realize the win-win protection of the property rights and interests of spouses and creditors. In this way,it not only conforms to the pursuit of efficiency of implementation,but also maintains the stability of marriage and family.
引文
[1]童付章.执行夫妻共有财产的法律探讨———以夫妻一方作为被执行人为视角[J].法治研究,2014,(4).
[2]李科.关于夫妻共有财产强制执行的程序规范及权利救济———基于夫妻一方为名义债务人的视角[J].法律适用,2014,(12).
[3]三月章.日本民事诉讼法[M].汪一凡,译.台湾:五南图书出版社,1997.
[4]江必新,贺荣.强制执行法的起草与论证(三)[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2014.
[5]薛宁兰.婚姻家庭法定位及其伦理内涵[J].江淮论坛,2015,(6).
[6]杨晓蓉,吴艳.夫妻共同债务的认定标准和责任范围———以夫妻一方经营性负债为研究重点[J].法律适用,2015,(9).
[7]孙艳军.我国夫妻财产制的发展趋势研究[D],中国政法大学博士学位论文,2012.
[8]罗结珍.法国民法典[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1999.
[9]裴桦.夫妻共同财产制研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[10]杨晋玲.夫妻财产制比较研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2004.
[11]蒋月.夫妻财产制若干重大问题思考[J].现代法学.2000,(6).
[12]陈苇.外国婚姻家庭法比较研究[M].北京:群众出版社,2006.
(1)如瑞士、俄罗斯、越南、法国、意大利、德国等国《民法典》或婚姻家庭立法中对此均有规定。
(1)法国、意大利、俄罗斯、越南、美国采大陆法系的各州、加拿大魁北克省和我国大陆地区,将婚后所得共同制作为法定财产制,世界多数国家和地区多均采用分别财产制或者改进后的分别财产制。参见裴桦:《夫妻共同财产制研究》,北京:法律出版社,2009年第48页。
[2]李科.关于夫妻共有财产强制执行的程序规范及权利救济———基于夫妻一方为名义债务人的视角[J].法律适用,2014,(12).
[3]三月章.日本民事诉讼法[M].汪一凡,译.台湾:五南图书出版社,1997.
[4]江必新,贺荣.强制执行法的起草与论证(三)[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2014.
[5]薛宁兰.婚姻家庭法定位及其伦理内涵[J].江淮论坛,2015,(6).
[6]杨晓蓉,吴艳.夫妻共同债务的认定标准和责任范围———以夫妻一方经营性负债为研究重点[J].法律适用,2015,(9).
[7]孙艳军.我国夫妻财产制的发展趋势研究[D],中国政法大学博士学位论文,2012.
[8]罗结珍.法国民法典[M].北京:中国法制出版社,1999.
[9]裴桦.夫妻共同财产制研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[10]杨晋玲.夫妻财产制比较研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2004.
[11]蒋月.夫妻财产制若干重大问题思考[J].现代法学.2000,(6).
[12]陈苇.外国婚姻家庭法比较研究[M].北京:群众出版社,2006.
(1)如瑞士、俄罗斯、越南、法国、意大利、德国等国《民法典》或婚姻家庭立法中对此均有规定。
(1)法国、意大利、俄罗斯、越南、美国采大陆法系的各州、加拿大魁北克省和我国大陆地区,将婚后所得共同制作为法定财产制,世界多数国家和地区多均采用分别财产制或者改进后的分别财产制。参见裴桦:《夫妻共同财产制研究》,北京:法律出版社,2009年第48页。