重齿风毛菊繁殖分配及花部特征与海拔的相关性
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摘要
为了解高山植物繁殖分配及花部特征对海拔梯度的响应机制,探讨高海拔环境下风毛菊属植物的繁殖对策,通过采样调查法,对分布在青藏高原不同海拔重齿风毛菊(Saussurea katochaete)盛花期的繁殖分配和花部特征进行研究。结果表明:重齿风毛菊个体大小、营养器官生物量、管状小花数目及头状花序重量与海拔呈显著负相关(P<0.01);花丝长、花粉数目与海拔呈显著负相关(P<0.01),而花药长、花柱长及花柱分支长与海拔呈显著正相关(P<0.01);繁殖器官生物量和繁殖分配是依赖个体大小的,前者与个体大小呈显著正相关(P=0.024),而后者表现出显著的负相关关系(P<0.01);重齿风毛菊管状小花数目-头状花序重量、管状小花数目-单花重量和雌蕊重量-雄蕊重量有着显著的负相关(P值分别为P<0.01和P=0.024);海拔对重齿风毛菊各生物量有着显著影响,同时个体大小也与植物的繁殖分配策略密切相关;随着海拔的升高,重齿风毛菊通过花数目-重量和雌蕊重量-雄蕊重量"此消彼长"的权衡关系,来适应环境,提高自身适合度。
To understand reproductive allocation and floral traits of alpine plants in response to elevation and to clarify reproductive strategies of Sausserua plants at high elevation,we investigated the reproductive allocation and floral characteristic of Saussurea katochaete Maxim at different elevations along Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between the individual size,vegetative organ biomass,the number of tubular flowers,capitulum biomass and elevation( P<0.01). The length of filaments and the number of pollen were negatively correlated with elevation( P<0.01),while the anther length,style length,and style branch length were significantly and positively correlated with elevation( P <0.01). Reproductive organ biomass and reproductive allocation depended on individual size,with the former showing a positive correlation with individual size( P = 0.024) but the latter showing a negative correlation with individual size( P<0.01). There was significantly negative correlations between the number of tubular florets and the weight of capitulum( P<0.01),between the number of tubular florets and single tubular floret weight( P < 0. 01),and between the pistil weight and stamen weight( P = 0.024). Our results indicated that elevation had a great impact on the biomass of S.katochaete. The individual size was closely related to plant reproductive allocation strategy. As the elevation increased,S. katochaete adapted to the environment and improved its own fitness through the trade-offs of the flower number versus weight and pistil weight versus stamen weight.
To understand reproductive allocation and floral traits of alpine plants in response to elevation and to clarify reproductive strategies of Sausserua plants at high elevation,we investigated the reproductive allocation and floral characteristic of Saussurea katochaete Maxim at different elevations along Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between the individual size,vegetative organ biomass,the number of tubular flowers,capitulum biomass and elevation( P<0.01). The length of filaments and the number of pollen were negatively correlated with elevation( P<0.01),while the anther length,style length,and style branch length were significantly and positively correlated with elevation( P <0.01). Reproductive organ biomass and reproductive allocation depended on individual size,with the former showing a positive correlation with individual size( P = 0.024) but the latter showing a negative correlation with individual size( P<0.01). There was significantly negative correlations between the number of tubular florets and the weight of capitulum( P<0.01),between the number of tubular florets and single tubular floret weight( P < 0. 01),and between the pistil weight and stamen weight( P = 0.024). Our results indicated that elevation had a great impact on the biomass of S.katochaete. The individual size was closely related to plant reproductive allocation strategy. As the elevation increased,S. katochaete adapted to the environment and improved its own fitness through the trade-offs of the flower number versus weight and pistil weight versus stamen weight.
引文
陈学林,梁艳,齐威,等.2009.一年生龙胆属植物的繁殖分配及其花大小、数量的权衡关系研究.草业学报,18(5):58-66.
樊宝丽,孟金柳,赵志刚,等.2008.海拔对青藏高原东部毛茛科植物繁殖特征和资源分配的影响.西北植物学报,28(4):805-811.
李冰,刘左军,赵志刚,等.2013.海拔对钝裂银莲花不同花色居群间繁殖特征及繁殖分配的影响.草业学报,22(1):10-19.
梁艳,张小翠,陈学林.2008.多年生龙胆属植物个体大小与花期资源分配研究.西北植物学报,28(2):2400-2407.
廖万金,张全国,张大勇.2003.不同海拔藜芦种群繁殖特征的初步研究.植物生态学报,27(2):240-248.
路宁娜,曹素珍,王一峰.2016.川西风毛菊花展示的变异:检验花及花序水平大小-数量的权衡.生态学杂志,35(4):843-848.
马诣欣,王一峰,李怡颖,等.2017.青藏高原东缘禾叶风毛菊的繁殖分配与海拔的相关系.植物研究,37(1):23-30.
孟丽华,王政昆,刘春燕,等.2011.高山植物圆穗蓼的繁殖资源分配.西北植物学报,31(6):1157-1163.
苏梅.2009.青藏高原东部高寒草甸九种常见植物叶特征、繁殖特征研究(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
索南措,王一峰,李梅,等.2013青藏高原东缘常见种长毛风毛菊的繁殖分配.生态学杂志,32(6):1433-1438.
王一峰,高宏岩,施海燕,等.2008.小花风毛菊的性器官在青藏高原的海拔变异.植物生态学报,32(2):379-384.
王一峰,李梅,李世雄,等.2012青藏高原东缘星状风毛菊生殖分配对海拔的响应.植物生态学报,36(11):1145-1153.
杨亚军,王一峰,祁如林,等.2018.唐古特雪莲花部特征及生殖分配的海拔差异.广西植物,38(2):159-168.
张大勇,姜新华,雷光春,等.2000.理论生态学研究.北京:高等教育出版社.
张大勇.2004.植物进化史和繁殖生态学.北京:科学出版社.
张林静,石云霞,潘晓玲.2007.草本植物繁殖分配与海拔高度的相关分析.西北大学学报:自然科学版,37(1):77-80.
赵志刚,杜国祯,任青吉.2004.5种毛莨科植物个体大小依赖的繁殖分配和性分配.植物生态学报,28(1):9-16.
Aarssen LW,Clauss MJ.1992.Genotypic variation in fecundity allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Journal of Ecology,80:109-114.
Arroyo MTK,Armesto JJ,Primack RB.1985.Community studies in pollination ecology in the high temperate Andes of central Chile.II.Effect of temperature on visitation rates and pollination possibilities.Plant Systematics&Evolution,149:187-203.
Ashman TL,Majetic CJ.2006.Genetic constraints on floral evolution:A review and evaluation of patterns.Heredity,96:343-352.
Barrett SCH.2002.The evolution of plant sexual diversity.Nature Reviews Genetics,3:274-284.
Caruso CM,Maherali H,Benscoter AM.2012.Why are tradeoffs between flower size and number infrequently detected?A test of three hypotheses.International Journal of Plant Sciences,173:26-35.
De La Barrera E,Nobel PS.2003.Physiological ecology of seed germination for the columnar cactus Stenocereus queretaroensis.Journal of Arid Environments,53:297-306.
Fabbro T,K9ner C.2004.Altitudinal differences in flower traits and reproductive allocation.Flora,199:70-81.
Harder LD,Barrett SCH.2006.Ecology and Evolution of Flowers.New York:Oxford University Press.
Herrera J.2005.Flower size variation in Rosmarinus officinalis:Individuals,populations and habitats.Annals of Botany,95:431-437.
Kawano S,Masuda J.1980.The productive and reproductive biology of flowering plants:VII.Resource allocation and reproductive capacity in wild population of Heloniopsis orientalis.Oecologia,45:307-317.
K9rner C,Diemer M.1987.In situ photosynthetic responses to light,temperature and carbon dioxide in herbaceous from low and high altitude.Functional Ecology,1:179-194.
K9rner C.1991.Some often overlooked plant characteristics as determinations of plant growth:A reconsideration.Functional Ecology,5:162-173.
K9rner C,Wu N,Luo P.2008.Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems.Beijing:Science Press.
Lloyd DG.1984.Gender Allocation in Outcrossing Cosexual Plants.Perspectives on Plant Population Ecology.Sinauer:Sunderland Mass Press.
Méndez M,Traveset A.2003.Sexual allocation in single-flowered hermaphroditic individuals in relation to plant and flower size.Oecologia,137:69-75.
Molau U.1993.Relationships between flowering penology and life history strategies in tundra plants.Arctic&Alpine Research,25:391-402.
Morgan MT.1998.Female fertility per flower and trade-offs between size and number in Claytonia virginica(Portulacaceae).American Journal of Botany,85:1231-1236.
Nishihiro J,Washitani JD,Thomson BA.2010.Patterns and consequences of stigma height variation in a natural population of a distylous plant.Functional Ecology,14:502-512.
Savile DBO,Brassard GR.1972.Arctic Adaptation in Plants.Mycologia,75:1-81.
Solomon BP.1986.Sexual allocation and and romonoecy:Resource investment in male and hermaphrodite flowers of Solanum carolinence(Solanaceae).American Journal of Botany,73:1215-1221.
Strauss SY,Whittall JB.2006.Non-pollinator agents of selection on floral traits.Ecology&Evolution of Flowers.Chapter VII.
Wagner J.1998.Phenology,seed development,and reproductive success of an alpine population of Gentianella germanica in climatically varying years.Botanica Acta,111:159-166.
樊宝丽,孟金柳,赵志刚,等.2008.海拔对青藏高原东部毛茛科植物繁殖特征和资源分配的影响.西北植物学报,28(4):805-811.
李冰,刘左军,赵志刚,等.2013.海拔对钝裂银莲花不同花色居群间繁殖特征及繁殖分配的影响.草业学报,22(1):10-19.
梁艳,张小翠,陈学林.2008.多年生龙胆属植物个体大小与花期资源分配研究.西北植物学报,28(2):2400-2407.
廖万金,张全国,张大勇.2003.不同海拔藜芦种群繁殖特征的初步研究.植物生态学报,27(2):240-248.
路宁娜,曹素珍,王一峰.2016.川西风毛菊花展示的变异:检验花及花序水平大小-数量的权衡.生态学杂志,35(4):843-848.
马诣欣,王一峰,李怡颖,等.2017.青藏高原东缘禾叶风毛菊的繁殖分配与海拔的相关系.植物研究,37(1):23-30.
孟丽华,王政昆,刘春燕,等.2011.高山植物圆穗蓼的繁殖资源分配.西北植物学报,31(6):1157-1163.
苏梅.2009.青藏高原东部高寒草甸九种常见植物叶特征、繁殖特征研究(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
索南措,王一峰,李梅,等.2013青藏高原东缘常见种长毛风毛菊的繁殖分配.生态学杂志,32(6):1433-1438.
王一峰,高宏岩,施海燕,等.2008.小花风毛菊的性器官在青藏高原的海拔变异.植物生态学报,32(2):379-384.
王一峰,李梅,李世雄,等.2012青藏高原东缘星状风毛菊生殖分配对海拔的响应.植物生态学报,36(11):1145-1153.
杨亚军,王一峰,祁如林,等.2018.唐古特雪莲花部特征及生殖分配的海拔差异.广西植物,38(2):159-168.
张大勇,姜新华,雷光春,等.2000.理论生态学研究.北京:高等教育出版社.
张大勇.2004.植物进化史和繁殖生态学.北京:科学出版社.
张林静,石云霞,潘晓玲.2007.草本植物繁殖分配与海拔高度的相关分析.西北大学学报:自然科学版,37(1):77-80.
赵志刚,杜国祯,任青吉.2004.5种毛莨科植物个体大小依赖的繁殖分配和性分配.植物生态学报,28(1):9-16.
Aarssen LW,Clauss MJ.1992.Genotypic variation in fecundity allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Journal of Ecology,80:109-114.
Arroyo MTK,Armesto JJ,Primack RB.1985.Community studies in pollination ecology in the high temperate Andes of central Chile.II.Effect of temperature on visitation rates and pollination possibilities.Plant Systematics&Evolution,149:187-203.
Ashman TL,Majetic CJ.2006.Genetic constraints on floral evolution:A review and evaluation of patterns.Heredity,96:343-352.
Barrett SCH.2002.The evolution of plant sexual diversity.Nature Reviews Genetics,3:274-284.
Caruso CM,Maherali H,Benscoter AM.2012.Why are tradeoffs between flower size and number infrequently detected?A test of three hypotheses.International Journal of Plant Sciences,173:26-35.
De La Barrera E,Nobel PS.2003.Physiological ecology of seed germination for the columnar cactus Stenocereus queretaroensis.Journal of Arid Environments,53:297-306.
Fabbro T,K9ner C.2004.Altitudinal differences in flower traits and reproductive allocation.Flora,199:70-81.
Harder LD,Barrett SCH.2006.Ecology and Evolution of Flowers.New York:Oxford University Press.
Herrera J.2005.Flower size variation in Rosmarinus officinalis:Individuals,populations and habitats.Annals of Botany,95:431-437.
Kawano S,Masuda J.1980.The productive and reproductive biology of flowering plants:VII.Resource allocation and reproductive capacity in wild population of Heloniopsis orientalis.Oecologia,45:307-317.
K9rner C,Diemer M.1987.In situ photosynthetic responses to light,temperature and carbon dioxide in herbaceous from low and high altitude.Functional Ecology,1:179-194.
K9rner C.1991.Some often overlooked plant characteristics as determinations of plant growth:A reconsideration.Functional Ecology,5:162-173.
K9rner C,Wu N,Luo P.2008.Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems.Beijing:Science Press.
Lloyd DG.1984.Gender Allocation in Outcrossing Cosexual Plants.Perspectives on Plant Population Ecology.Sinauer:Sunderland Mass Press.
Méndez M,Traveset A.2003.Sexual allocation in single-flowered hermaphroditic individuals in relation to plant and flower size.Oecologia,137:69-75.
Molau U.1993.Relationships between flowering penology and life history strategies in tundra plants.Arctic&Alpine Research,25:391-402.
Morgan MT.1998.Female fertility per flower and trade-offs between size and number in Claytonia virginica(Portulacaceae).American Journal of Botany,85:1231-1236.
Nishihiro J,Washitani JD,Thomson BA.2010.Patterns and consequences of stigma height variation in a natural population of a distylous plant.Functional Ecology,14:502-512.
Savile DBO,Brassard GR.1972.Arctic Adaptation in Plants.Mycologia,75:1-81.
Solomon BP.1986.Sexual allocation and and romonoecy:Resource investment in male and hermaphrodite flowers of Solanum carolinence(Solanaceae).American Journal of Botany,73:1215-1221.
Strauss SY,Whittall JB.2006.Non-pollinator agents of selection on floral traits.Ecology&Evolution of Flowers.Chapter VII.
Wagner J.1998.Phenology,seed development,and reproductive success of an alpine population of Gentianella germanica in climatically varying years.Botanica Acta,111:159-166.