滤膜在颗粒物无机元素监测中的适用性研究
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摘要
筛选国内外12个制造商的玻璃纤维、石英、特氟龙、聚丙烯、乙酸纤维、硝酸纤维和混合纤维等7类材质34种滤膜,测定滤膜中的铍、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、钼、镉、锡、锑、铊和铅等14种元素含量,探讨不同材质滤膜中各元素的质量分数分布,采用大气固定源污染物排放标准中项目限值和分析方法标准中质量控制要求,对铜、锌之外的12种元素进行适用性评价。结果表明:玻璃纤维滤膜比其他材质滤膜中无机元素的质量分数高1～5个数量级,进口玻璃纤维滤膜中铬、镍、砷、镉等4种元素质量分数高于多数国产玻璃纤维滤膜,国产A、H玻璃纤维滤膜中14种元素质量分数相对较低;仅混合纤维滤膜中镉、铅的测定值浓度低于最严标准限值的10%,玻璃纤维滤膜之外的其他材质滤膜均能满足监测其余10种元素的本底需求。
The inorganic element contents of the filter membrane, which is used to collect particle matter sample, is a major impact factor on the monitoring results, however there is no special quality standards/specifications or systematic assessment about it. Seven material filter membranes from domestic and foreign 12 manufacturers, including glass fiber, quartz, teflon, polypropylene fiber, acetic acid fiber, nitric acid fiber and mixed fiber, were used to determine the background content of the following 14 elements(Be, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb), the mass fraction distribution of each element in different material filter membranes was investigated, and manufacturer of each kind material filter membrane with low content levels of inorganic elements was recommend. The applicability of the 12 elements(except Cu and Zn) in different material filter membrane was evaluated by using 17 pollutant emission standards for all inorganic element items involved in the standard limits of particulate matter and monitoring quality control requirements. Results showed as follows:(1)for content aspect: mass fraction content in glass fiber filter membrane was several orders of magnitude higher than other material filter membrane; both mass fraction content of different element in the same filter membrane and mass fraction content of the same element in the different filter membrane were varied greatly; and 4 elements including chromium, nickel, arsenic and cadmium, content in foreign glass fiber filter membrane was higher than that of most domestic correspondence; for glass fiber filter membrane, the mass fraction content of 14 elements for manufacture A and H was relative low.(2)for applicability aspect: the detection content of Cd and Pb only in mixed fiber filter membrane was less than 10% of the maximum standard limit mixed fiber filter membrane; All material filter membranes except for glass fiber filter membrane were satisfied the monitoring Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Sn, Sb, Tl; for element Co, Ni, Mo, Sn, Tl, domestic glass fiber filter membrane was suitable for monitoring quality control requirements; for element Be, Cr, Sb, proportion of the satisfied domestic glass fiber filter membrane was 50%. The content of 14 elements in domestic glass fiber filter membrane, such as A and H, is relatively low.
The inorganic element contents of the filter membrane, which is used to collect particle matter sample, is a major impact factor on the monitoring results, however there is no special quality standards/specifications or systematic assessment about it. Seven material filter membranes from domestic and foreign 12 manufacturers, including glass fiber, quartz, teflon, polypropylene fiber, acetic acid fiber, nitric acid fiber and mixed fiber, were used to determine the background content of the following 14 elements(Be, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb), the mass fraction distribution of each element in different material filter membranes was investigated, and manufacturer of each kind material filter membrane with low content levels of inorganic elements was recommend. The applicability of the 12 elements(except Cu and Zn) in different material filter membrane was evaluated by using 17 pollutant emission standards for all inorganic element items involved in the standard limits of particulate matter and monitoring quality control requirements. Results showed as follows:(1)for content aspect: mass fraction content in glass fiber filter membrane was several orders of magnitude higher than other material filter membrane; both mass fraction content of different element in the same filter membrane and mass fraction content of the same element in the different filter membrane were varied greatly; and 4 elements including chromium, nickel, arsenic and cadmium, content in foreign glass fiber filter membrane was higher than that of most domestic correspondence; for glass fiber filter membrane, the mass fraction content of 14 elements for manufacture A and H was relative low.(2)for applicability aspect: the detection content of Cd and Pb only in mixed fiber filter membrane was less than 10% of the maximum standard limit mixed fiber filter membrane; All material filter membranes except for glass fiber filter membrane were satisfied the monitoring Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Sn, Sb, Tl; for element Co, Ni, Mo, Sn, Tl, domestic glass fiber filter membrane was suitable for monitoring quality control requirements; for element Be, Cr, Sb, proportion of the satisfied domestic glass fiber filter membrane was 50%. The content of 14 elements in domestic glass fiber filter membrane, such as A and H, is relatively low.
引文
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[2] 徐玥.我国固定源大气颗粒物监测技术的现状与改进建议[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(1):54-60.XU Yue.Improvement of Monitoring Measures on Atmospheric Particulates from Exhaust Gas by Stationary Sources in China[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2017,33(1):54-60.
[3] USEPA.Selection,Preparation,and Extraction of Filter Material.EPA 625 R-96010a [S/OL].[1999-06-01].https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/epa-io-3.1.pdf.
[4] 洪理靖,王琨,黄丽坤,等.采暖期大气颗粒物PM1.0和PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(4):98-103.HONG Lijing,WANG Kun,HUANG Likun,et al.Pollution Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in PM1.0 and PM2.5 in Heating Period[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2016,32(4):98-103.
[5] 刀婿,张霖琳,王超,等.大同市大气颗粒物浓度与水溶性离子季度分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):43-51.DAO Xu,ZHANG Linlin,WANG Chao,et al.Characteristics of Mass and Water-Soluble Ionic Compounds of Atmospheric Fine Particles in Four Quarters of Datong[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2015,31(3):43-51.
[6] 任毅斌,康苏花,戴春玲,等.石家庄市大气颗粒物元素组分特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(5):31-34.REN Yibin,KANG Suhua,DAI Chunling,et al.Elemental Composition Analysis of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Shijiazhuang[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2014,30(5):31-34.
[7] 环境保护部科技标准司.空气和废气颗粒物中铅等金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体质谱法:HJ 657—2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[8] 赵小学,张霖琳,张建平,等.ICP-MS在环境分析中的质谱干扰及其消除[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(3):101-106.ZHAO Xiaoxue,ZHANG Linlin,ZHANG Jianping,et al.Spectral Interference and Elimination of Environmental Analysis with ICP-MS[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2014,30(3):101-106.
[9] 赵小学,赵宗生,陈纯,等.电感耦合等离子体-质谱法内标元素选择的研究[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(1):84-87.ZHAO Xiaoxue,ZHAO Zongsheng,CHEN Chun,et al.Study on Selection of Internal Standard Element of ICP-MS[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2016,32(1):84-87.
[10] 赵小学,王西岳,毕越,等.典型滤筒在废气无机元素监测中的适用性研究[J].中国测试,2017,43(7):54-58.ZHAO Xiaoxue,WANG Xiyue,BI Yue,et al.Study on Applicability of Typical Filter in Stationary Source Emission Monitoring for Inorganic Element[J].China Measurement & Test,2017,43(7):54-58.