理工科博士生科研能力的养成状况及其影响因素研究——基于对我国研究生院高校的调查
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摘要
现代科学研究的内涵与能力要求发生了重大变化,通过对研究生院高校理工科博士生的调查发现,当前我国博士生不仅在跨学科知识、知识产权知识、国际学术交流能力以及科研管理能力等新型科学能力要求上没有做好准备,而且在批判性思维、提出研究问题能力和学术写作能力等传统核心科学素养上也表现不佳。未来博士生科研能力的培养应重视跨学科课程、导师组与科研项目的建设,开设实用性强的方法技能类选修课程,提高学生参与国内外学术共同体交流的机会,注重发挥高水平导师和重点实验室的博士生培养效能,加强对不同类型博士生的个性化选拔与培养。
It is known that the connotation and requirements of modern scientific research have undergone major changes.After ageneral survey of doctoral students in science and engineering in postgraduate schools,the authors find that doctoral students of today are not up to the requirements of new scientific competence in terms of interdisciplinary knowledge,intellectual property knowledge,international academic communication ability,and scientific research management capability.In addition,their performance is not so desirable when demonstrating the traditional core scientific literacy,such as critical thinking,the ability to locate a research object,and academic writing ability.Based on the findings,the authors afford the following measures to the scientific research ability training for doctoral students in the future in the following aspects:strengthening focus on the integration of interdisciplinary programs,supervisor team and research projects,offering more optional courses that are practically useful in relation with methods and techniques,creating more opportunities for the students to participate in academic community exchanges at home and abroad,giving priority to the improvement of the training efficiency by high-end supervisors in key laboratories,and improving selection and individualized training of different kinds of doctoral students.
It is known that the connotation and requirements of modern scientific research have undergone major changes.After ageneral survey of doctoral students in science and engineering in postgraduate schools,the authors find that doctoral students of today are not up to the requirements of new scientific competence in terms of interdisciplinary knowledge,intellectual property knowledge,international academic communication ability,and scientific research management capability.In addition,their performance is not so desirable when demonstrating the traditional core scientific literacy,such as critical thinking,the ability to locate a research object,and academic writing ability.Based on the findings,the authors afford the following measures to the scientific research ability training for doctoral students in the future in the following aspects:strengthening focus on the integration of interdisciplinary programs,supervisor team and research projects,offering more optional courses that are practically useful in relation with methods and techniques,creating more opportunities for the students to participate in academic community exchanges at home and abroad,giving priority to the improvement of the training efficiency by high-end supervisors in key laboratories,and improving selection and individualized training of different kinds of doctoral students.
引文
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[2]张国栋.博士生培养模式各要素与培养质量的关系的实证研究---以上海交通大学为例[J].研究生教育研究,2011(2):21-24.
[3]全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国学位条例[EB/OL].[1981-01-01].http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-05/25/content_940.htm.
[4]国务院学位委员会第六届学科评议组.一级学科博士、硕士学位基本要求[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2014.
[5]Introducing-the-Vitae-Researcher-DevelopmentFramework-RDF-to-employers-2011[EB/OL].https://www.vitae.ac.uk/vitae-publications/rdfrelated/introducing-the-vitae-researcher-developmentframework-rdf-to-employers-2011.pdf.
[6]APEC/Deloitte.Skills and competencies needed in the research field:Objectives2020[2013-7-18].[EB/OL].http://www.eurocadres.org/IMG/pdf/APEC_EN_Skills_and_competencies_needed.pdf.
[7]Irish Universities Association.Irish Universities’PhDGraduate Skills Statement[EB/OL].http://www.iua.ie/publication/view/iua-graduate-skills-statementbrochure-2015/.
[8]Barrie S,Hughes C,Smith C.The national graduate attributes report:Integration and assessment of graduate attributes in curriculum(Research Report)[J].Australian Learning&Teaching Council,2009:27.
[9]李永刚.成为研究者:理科博士生素养与能力的形成[D].上海:华东师范大学,2018:75-82.
[10]吉本斯.知识生产的新模式:当代社会科学与研究的动力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:3-7,25.
[11]希拉·斯劳特,拉里·莱斯利.学术资本主义:政治、政策和创业型大学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:8.
[12]约翰·齐曼.真科学:它是什么,它指什么[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002:55-94.
[13]克里德·戈尔德,乔治·沃克等.重塑博士生教育的未来[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2015:59.
[14]刘献君.发达国家博士生教育中的创新人才培养[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2010:3,70.