莫兰蒂台风对厦门市主要道路绿化树种的影响
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摘要
通过调查莫兰蒂台风过后厦门市主要城市道路绿化树种的损伤程度,比较研究了不同种类、绿带位置、路段和道路空间结构的绿化树种受损伤情况。结果显示:就树种类型而言,大王椰子等棕榈类树种的抗风力较强,仅仅应注意其大型落叶的危害;风铃木、凤凰木、香樟和小叶榄仁也具有一定的抗风能力;而垂榕、火焰木、腊肠树、美丽异木棉、桃花心木、大花紫薇和羊蹄甲等受损伤较为严重,在台风高发城市应谨慎应用。研究表明,绿化树种受台风的损伤程度不仅与树种类型有关,也和绿带位置、道路空间结构等因素相关,行道树所处绿带位置不同损伤有差异;不同道路空间结构对树种受损伤程度也不同;绿化树种受破坏程度还与道路宽度呈正相关。本研究对受台风影响城市的道路绿化树种的筛选和优化具有一定的参考价值。
This paper studies the damages of greening tree species in different types,greenbelts,sections and road space structures by investigating the damage degree of greening tree species in the main urban areas of Xiamen after the super typhoon Meranti. The results show that: the wind resistance of palm trees such as Roystonea regia is stronger than many other kinds of trees; however,the harm of its large leaves should be paid attention to. The wind resistance of Tabebuia chrysantha,Delonix regia,Cinnamomum camphora and Terminalia mantaly is at a certain level. However,the damages of Ficus benjamina,Spathodea campanulata,Cassia fistula,Ceiba speciosa,Swietenia mahagoni,Lagerstroemia speciosa and Bauhinia blakeanaare serious,so these kinds of trees are recommended to reduce usage in those cities with typhoon high incidence. The results also show that the damage degree of typhoon trees is not only related to the tree species type,but also related to the greenbelt location and the road space structures. The damages of the street trees differ according to different greenbelt positions; the different road space structures have different effect on the trees; the degree of damage to the tree species is also positively correlated with the width of the road. This study has a value for the screening and optimization of greening street species affected by typhoon.
This paper studies the damages of greening tree species in different types,greenbelts,sections and road space structures by investigating the damage degree of greening tree species in the main urban areas of Xiamen after the super typhoon Meranti. The results show that: the wind resistance of palm trees such as Roystonea regia is stronger than many other kinds of trees; however,the harm of its large leaves should be paid attention to. The wind resistance of Tabebuia chrysantha,Delonix regia,Cinnamomum camphora and Terminalia mantaly is at a certain level. However,the damages of Ficus benjamina,Spathodea campanulata,Cassia fistula,Ceiba speciosa,Swietenia mahagoni,Lagerstroemia speciosa and Bauhinia blakeanaare serious,so these kinds of trees are recommended to reduce usage in those cities with typhoon high incidence. The results also show that the damage degree of typhoon trees is not only related to the tree species type,but also related to the greenbelt location and the road space structures. The damages of the street trees differ according to different greenbelt positions; the different road space structures have different effect on the trees; the degree of damage to the tree species is also positively correlated with the width of the road. This study has a value for the screening and optimization of greening street species affected by typhoon.
引文
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[20]祖若川,罗立娜,刘晶,等.滨海公园棕榈类植物抗风性调查与评价分析[J].北方园艺,2016(5):89-94.
[21]罗冠勇,宋希强,杨冬华,等.海南10种园林乔木生物学特性与抗风性关联性分析[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(2):263-267.
[22]杨世彬.三亚市城区防台风防护林及其防护效果研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[23]Duryea M L,Blakeslee,Hubbard W G,et al.Wind and trees:survey of homeowners after Hurricane Andrew[J].Journal of Arboriculture,1996(22):44-50.
[24]蔡园园,闫淑君,吴沙沙,等.11种常用行道树危险度评估[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(2):169-174.
[25]Duryea M L,Eliana K,Littell R C,et al.Hurricanes and the urban forest:II.Effects on tropical and subtropical tree species[J].Arboriculture&Forestry,2007,33(2):98-112.
[26]浙江水利厅.台风路径实时发布系统[DB/OL].http://typhoon.zjwater.gov.cn/.
[27]伊爱娟.沿海城市抗台护绿的实践与思考[J].中国园林,2006,22(11):53-56.
[28]Norainiratna B,Noriah O.Knowledge in Tree Pruning for Sustainable Practices in Urban Setting:Improving Our Quality of Life[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2016,234:210-217.
[29]Sabo A,Ferrini F.The use of compost in urban green areas-A review for practical application[J].Urban forest and urban greening,2006(4):159-169.
[2]万金红,陈武,张葆蔚,等.2014年超强台风“威马逊”灾害特征与社会致灾机制分析[J].灾害学,2016,31(3):78-83.
[3]李寒娥,李秉滔,蓝盛芳.城市行道树对交通环境的响应[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):2180-2187.
[4]杨康民,霍应强.台风对南京行道树的影响及其防护措施[J].园艺学报,964,3(3):279-286.
[5]林夏珍,张铁标,王永华.行道树抗风倒对策的研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1999,16(2):69-73.
[6]周子康.7号台风对杭州园林破坏的调查[J].中国农业气象,1988,10(4):58-59.
[7]王勇进,李沛琼,谢海标,等.深圳市园林绿化树种的调查与评估[J].中国园林,2000,16(1):49-52.
[8]吴显坤.台风灾害对深圳城市园林树木的影响和对策[D].南京:南京林业大学,2007.
[9]杨东梅,王佳玫,陈华姑,等.台风“威马逊”对海口树木的危害及防治对策[J].福建林业科技,2015,42(4):159-163.
[10]叶功富,廖福霖,倪志荣,等.厦门市行道绿化树种凤凰木的调查研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(3):332-337.
[11]王良睦,王中道,许海燕.9914#台风对厦门市园林树木破坏情况的调查及对策研究[J].中国园林,2000,16(4):65-68.
[12]柳振誉,彭国良,康文沙.多目标决策在厦门行道树选择评价的研究[J].浙江农业科学,2005(5):367-371.
[13]肖明华.厦门行道树现状及运用对策[J].福建热作科技,2006,31(1):31-33.
[14]陈水龙.厦门市行道树风害情况分析与建植对策[J].林业勘察设计,2007(1):214-216.
[15]黄延安.厦门市行道树树种选择探讨[J].福建林业科技,2008,35(3):240-243.
[16]CJJ 75-97城市道路绿化规划与设计规范[S].
[17]肖洁舒,冯景环.华南地区园林树木抗台风能力的研究[J].中国园林,2014,30(3):115-119.
[18]Jennifer M,Terry L,Stephen J.T.A review of benefits and challenges in growing street trees in paved urban environments[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2015,134:157-166.
[19]潘辉,刘晓华,黄石德,等.城市行道树对道路空间CO浓度的影响[J].福建林学院学报,2008,28(4):356-360.
[20]祖若川,罗立娜,刘晶,等.滨海公园棕榈类植物抗风性调查与评价分析[J].北方园艺,2016(5):89-94.
[21]罗冠勇,宋希强,杨冬华,等.海南10种园林乔木生物学特性与抗风性关联性分析[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(2):263-267.
[22]杨世彬.三亚市城区防台风防护林及其防护效果研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[23]Duryea M L,Blakeslee,Hubbard W G,et al.Wind and trees:survey of homeowners after Hurricane Andrew[J].Journal of Arboriculture,1996(22):44-50.
[24]蔡园园,闫淑君,吴沙沙,等.11种常用行道树危险度评估[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(2):169-174.
[25]Duryea M L,Eliana K,Littell R C,et al.Hurricanes and the urban forest:II.Effects on tropical and subtropical tree species[J].Arboriculture&Forestry,2007,33(2):98-112.
[26]浙江水利厅.台风路径实时发布系统[DB/OL].http://typhoon.zjwater.gov.cn/.
[27]伊爱娟.沿海城市抗台护绿的实践与思考[J].中国园林,2006,22(11):53-56.
[28]Norainiratna B,Noriah O.Knowledge in Tree Pruning for Sustainable Practices in Urban Setting:Improving Our Quality of Life[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2016,234:210-217.
[29]Sabo A,Ferrini F.The use of compost in urban green areas-A review for practical application[J].Urban forest and urban greening,2006(4):159-169.