强台风后厦门园林乔木损失与恢复情况调查研究——以华侨大学厦门校区为例
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摘要
以华侨大学厦门校区园林乔木受强台风"莫兰蒂"(2016年9月15日)侵袭为研究案例。通过灾后现场调研,统计出校园28种主要乔木在风灾中的受损情况,并分别在风灾过后4个月和9个月时调查树木的恢复进度。研究台风强度、树种差异、种植环境、管理维护等因素对树木风灾损失和灾后恢复的影响。最后,从灾前预防、灾后恢复2方面探讨了应对台风侵袭的策略。
This paper discusses the impact of typhoon on the planting design and maintenance through the case study of the super typhoon Meranti which hit Xiamen campus of Huaqiao University on September 15, 2016. Based on the results of field investigation after the disaster, we summarize the statistics of 28 kinds of damaged trees on campus in the typhoon disaster. And the progress of recovery of trees was surveyed at 4 months and nine months after the typhoon. We analyze the effects of typhoon intensity, differences among tree species, planting environment, management and maintenance ofthe loss and recovery of trees. In the end, we discuss strategies for coping with typhoons from both pre-disaster precautions and post-disaster recovery measures.
This paper discusses the impact of typhoon on the planting design and maintenance through the case study of the super typhoon Meranti which hit Xiamen campus of Huaqiao University on September 15, 2016. Based on the results of field investigation after the disaster, we summarize the statistics of 28 kinds of damaged trees on campus in the typhoon disaster. And the progress of recovery of trees was surveyed at 4 months and nine months after the typhoon. We analyze the effects of typhoon intensity, differences among tree species, planting environment, management and maintenance ofthe loss and recovery of trees. In the end, we discuss strategies for coping with typhoons from both pre-disaster precautions and post-disaster recovery measures.
引文
[1]GB/T 19201-2006,热带气旋等级[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB/T 19201-2006,Grade of tropical cyclones[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.
[2]CIFTCI C,BRENA SF,KANE B,et al.The Effect of Crown Architecture on Dynamic Amplification Factor of an Open-grown Sugar Maple(Acer saccharum L.)[J].Trees,2013,27:1175-1189.
[3]BAKER C J.The Development of a Theoretical Model for the Wind Throw of Plants[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1995,175(3):355-372.
[4]RUDNICKI M R,MITCHELL S J,NOVAK M D.Wind Tunnel Measurements of Crown Streamlining and Drag Relationships for Three Conifer Species[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2004,34:666-676.
[5]王良睦,王中道,许海燕.9914~#台风对厦门市园林树木破坏情况的调查及对策研究[J].中国园林,2000(4):65-68.WANG Liangmu,WANG Zhongdao,XU Haiyan.The investigation and counter measures of landscape trees in the 9914#typhoon in Xiamen[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2000(4):65-68.
[6]肖洁舒,冯景环.华南地区园林树木抗台风能力的研究[J].中国园林,2014(3):115-119.XIAO Jieshu,FENG Jinghuan.Research on the Typhoon Resistance Ability of Trees in South China[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2014(3):115-119.
[7]吴显坤.台风灾害对深圳城市园林树木的影响和对策[D].南京:南京林业大学,2007.WU Xiankun.Effect of Typhoon Disasters to Urban Landscape Trees and Typhoon Disaster-reducing Strategies in Shenzhen[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2007.
[8]周子静.台风“莫兰蒂”造成厦门60多万株树木受损[EB/OL].(2016-09-17)[2017-07-15].http://news.163.com/16/0917/15/C1651PVG00014SEH.html.ZHOU Zijing.Typhoon“Meranti”Caused more than60 Million Trees in Xiamen Damaged[EB/OL].(2016-09-17)[2017-07-15].http://news.163.com/16/0917/15/C1651PVG00014SEH.html.
[9]华侨大学后勤与资产管理处.华大后勤人防抗“莫兰蒂”强台风抢险救灾纪实[EB/OL].(2016-09-20)[2017-07-15].http://www.hqu.edu.cn/s/2/t/1804/fa/1f/info129567.htm.Department of Logistics and Asset Management,Huaqiao University.Report on Resistance to Typhoon“Meranti”by Logistical Staff at Huaqiao University[EB/OL].(2016-09-20)[2017-07-15].http://www.hqu.edu.cn/s/2/t/1804/fa/1f/info129567.htm.
[10]林俊英,曾鼎承.自然生态的道路绿化设计:以深圳市滨海大道景观设计为例[J].风景园林,2006(1):70-75.LIN Junying,ZENG Dingcheng.Natural and Ecological Road Planting Design Approach:Landscape Design for Shenzhen Binhai Boulevard[J].Landscape Architecture,2006(1):70-75.
[11]吴尚凌.厦门市绿化工程质量监督若干技术措施探讨[J].风景园林,2004,53:38-39.WU Shangling.Discussion on several technical measures for quality supervision of greening projects in Xiamen[J].Landscape Architecture,2004,53:38-39.
[12]陈常普.受伤园林树木的保护与修复技术[J].现代农业科学,2009(3):113-138.CHEN Changpu.Injured in The Protection of Landscape Trees and Repair Technolog[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences,2009(3):113-138.
(1)数据出自中国气象局热带气旋资料中心,网址:tcclata.typhoon.org.cn.
(2)文中图片和表格均为作者拍摄或绘制。
[2]CIFTCI C,BRENA SF,KANE B,et al.The Effect of Crown Architecture on Dynamic Amplification Factor of an Open-grown Sugar Maple(Acer saccharum L.)[J].Trees,2013,27:1175-1189.
[3]BAKER C J.The Development of a Theoretical Model for the Wind Throw of Plants[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1995,175(3):355-372.
[4]RUDNICKI M R,MITCHELL S J,NOVAK M D.Wind Tunnel Measurements of Crown Streamlining and Drag Relationships for Three Conifer Species[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2004,34:666-676.
[5]王良睦,王中道,许海燕.9914~#台风对厦门市园林树木破坏情况的调查及对策研究[J].中国园林,2000(4):65-68.WANG Liangmu,WANG Zhongdao,XU Haiyan.The investigation and counter measures of landscape trees in the 9914#typhoon in Xiamen[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2000(4):65-68.
[6]肖洁舒,冯景环.华南地区园林树木抗台风能力的研究[J].中国园林,2014(3):115-119.XIAO Jieshu,FENG Jinghuan.Research on the Typhoon Resistance Ability of Trees in South China[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2014(3):115-119.
[7]吴显坤.台风灾害对深圳城市园林树木的影响和对策[D].南京:南京林业大学,2007.WU Xiankun.Effect of Typhoon Disasters to Urban Landscape Trees and Typhoon Disaster-reducing Strategies in Shenzhen[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2007.
[8]周子静.台风“莫兰蒂”造成厦门60多万株树木受损[EB/OL].(2016-09-17)[2017-07-15].http://news.163.com/16/0917/15/C1651PVG00014SEH.html.ZHOU Zijing.Typhoon“Meranti”Caused more than60 Million Trees in Xiamen Damaged[EB/OL].(2016-09-17)[2017-07-15].http://news.163.com/16/0917/15/C1651PVG00014SEH.html.
[9]华侨大学后勤与资产管理处.华大后勤人防抗“莫兰蒂”强台风抢险救灾纪实[EB/OL].(2016-09-20)[2017-07-15].http://www.hqu.edu.cn/s/2/t/1804/fa/1f/info129567.htm.Department of Logistics and Asset Management,Huaqiao University.Report on Resistance to Typhoon“Meranti”by Logistical Staff at Huaqiao University[EB/OL].(2016-09-20)[2017-07-15].http://www.hqu.edu.cn/s/2/t/1804/fa/1f/info129567.htm.
[10]林俊英,曾鼎承.自然生态的道路绿化设计:以深圳市滨海大道景观设计为例[J].风景园林,2006(1):70-75.LIN Junying,ZENG Dingcheng.Natural and Ecological Road Planting Design Approach:Landscape Design for Shenzhen Binhai Boulevard[J].Landscape Architecture,2006(1):70-75.
[11]吴尚凌.厦门市绿化工程质量监督若干技术措施探讨[J].风景园林,2004,53:38-39.WU Shangling.Discussion on several technical measures for quality supervision of greening projects in Xiamen[J].Landscape Architecture,2004,53:38-39.
[12]陈常普.受伤园林树木的保护与修复技术[J].现代农业科学,2009(3):113-138.CHEN Changpu.Injured in The Protection of Landscape Trees and Repair Technolog[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences,2009(3):113-138.
(1)数据出自中国气象局热带气旋资料中心,网址:tcclata.typhoon.org.cn.
(2)文中图片和表格均为作者拍摄或绘制。