基于地面电场仪的雷电监测装置设计
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摘要
针对目前国内外地面电场仪感应电流信号微弱、电磁干扰严重的问题,设计了一种新型双定子、差分式电场传感器。传感器感应到2路电流信号经过I/V转换器转为电压信号,通过减法器和50Hz工频陷波器消除共模干扰和工频干扰。光电开关传感器得到同步信号,采用相敏检波器对信号进行处理得到与场强成正比例关系的直流电压。经实验验证,该系统在-50～50 kV/m的模拟电场强度范围内,测量分辨力可达到10 V/m,线性度<1%。实际测量表明,差分式双定子结构和减法器有效消除了共模干扰,50Hz陷波器消除了工频干扰,高精度放大器提高了电场仪的测量精度。该系统能够实时测量大气电场的强度,并显示大气场强的变化曲线,可以为雷电监测预警提供必要的依据。
In view of the weakness of induction current and the serious electromagnetic interference in the electric field instrument at home and abroad, we designed a new type of differential sensor with dual stator structure. Two current signals were sensed by the sensor and they were converted to voltage signals by passing through the I/V converter, and the common mode interference and the power frequency interference were eliminated by subtracting the instrument and the50 Hz power frequency notch filter. The synchronous signals were obtained by using photoelectric switch sensors, and a phase sensitive detector was used to process the signal to obtain a direct current voltage proportional to the field strength.The experimental results show that the resolution of the system is 10 V/m and linearity is less than 1% in the range of simulated field strength of-50～50 kV/m. The actual measurement results show that the differential double stator structure and the reducer can effectively eliminate the common mode interference, the 50 Hz trap filters can eliminate the power frequency interference, and the high precision amplifier can improve the measuring accuracy of electric field instrument.The system can measure the intensity of the atmospheric electric field in real time and show the curve of the field intensity of the atmosphere, which can provide a necessary basis for lightning monitoring and early warning.
In view of the weakness of induction current and the serious electromagnetic interference in the electric field instrument at home and abroad, we designed a new type of differential sensor with dual stator structure. Two current signals were sensed by the sensor and they were converted to voltage signals by passing through the I/V converter, and the common mode interference and the power frequency interference were eliminated by subtracting the instrument and the50 Hz power frequency notch filter. The synchronous signals were obtained by using photoelectric switch sensors, and a phase sensitive detector was used to process the signal to obtain a direct current voltage proportional to the field strength.The experimental results show that the resolution of the system is 10 V/m and linearity is less than 1% in the range of simulated field strength of-50～50 kV/m. The actual measurement results show that the differential double stator structure and the reducer can effectively eliminate the common mode interference, the 50 Hz trap filters can eliminate the power frequency interference, and the high precision amplifier can improve the measuring accuracy of electric field instrument.The system can measure the intensity of the atmospheric electric field in real time and show the curve of the field intensity of the atmosphere, which can provide a necessary basis for lightning monitoring and early warning.
引文
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[9]杨鹏飞,陈博,闻小龙,等.一种基于MEMS芯片的新型地面大气电场传感器[J].电子与信息学报,2016,38(6):1536-1540.YANG Pengfei,CHEN Bo,WEN Xiaolong,et al.A novel MEMSchip-based ground atmospheric electric field sensor[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2016,38(6):1536-1540.
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[13]俞坤师,陈家宏,谷山强,等.基于STM32的雷电预警装置的设计与实现[J].电测与仪表,2014,51(3):68-72.YU Kunshi,CHEN Jiahong,GU Shanqiang,et al.Design and implementation of STM32 based measurementfor lightning warning device[J].Electrical Measurement Instrumentation,2014,51(3):68-72.
[14]王杰,彭涛,郑伟,等.基于DNDY大气电场仪的雷电监测系统的建设[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2013,30(4):76-78.WANG Jie,PENG Tao,ZHENG Wei,et al.Lightning monitoring and warning system based on DNDY atmospheric electric field meter[J].Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instrument,2013,30(4):76-78.
[15]邹志龙,崔翔,卢铁兵.空间电荷对旋转式直流电场仪测量准确性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3443-3449.ZOU Zhilong,CUI Xiang,LU Tiebing.Effects of space charges on the measurement accuracy of rotating direct current electric field mill[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3443-3449.
[16]伍小成,袁海文,郑盾,等.旋转式电场仪测量交流电场的研究[J].测控技术,2012,31(4):9-12.WU Xiaocheng,YUAN Haiwen,ZHENG Dun,et al.Research on measurement of AC electric field using field mill[J].Measurement and Control Technology,2012,31(4):9-12.
[17]崔勇,袁海文,赵录兴,等.基于有限元方法的现磨式电场传感器标定装置优化设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,41(10):1807-1812.CUI Yong,YUAN Haiwen,ZHAO Luxing,et al.Optimum design of calibration device for field mill type electric field sensor based on finite element method[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014,41(10):1807-1812.
[18]罗福山,何渝晖,张华伟,等.电场的标定方法[J].空间科学学报,2007,27(3):223-226.LUO Fushan,HE Yuhui,ZHANG Huawei,et al.Calibration method of electric field[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2007,27(3):223-226.
[19]谷山强,王剑,冯万兴,等.电网雷电监测数据统计与挖掘分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3383-3391.GU Shangqiang,WANG Jian,FENG Wanxing,et al.Statistical and mining analysis of lightning detection data in power grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(11):3383-3391.
[20]李家成,沈艳霞,周琦,等.数字式电场测量系统的设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2017(6):64-68.LI Jiacheng,SHEN Yanxia,ZHOU Qi,et al.Design of digital electric field measurement system[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2017(6):64-68.
[21]陶汉涛,谷山强,王海涛,等.输电线路雷电预警系统中心站的设计与研发[J].高压电器,2016,52(10):61-68.TAO Hantao,GU Shanqian,WANG Haitao,et al.Design and development of lightning warning system’s central station fortransmission line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(10):61-68.
[2]陈家宏,赵淳,王剑,等.基于直接获取雷击参数的输电线路雷击风险优化评估方法[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):14-20.CHEN Jiahong,ZHAO Chun,WANG Jian,et al.Optimal lightning risk assessment method of transmission line based on direct acquisition of lightning stroke parameter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):14-20.
[3]陈家宏,赵淳,谷山强,等.我国电网雷电监测与防护技术现状及发展趋势[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3361-3375.CHEN Jiahong,ZHAO Chun,GU Shanqiang,et al.Present status and development trend of lightning detection and protection technology of power grid in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(11):3361-3375.
[4]韩宏亮,徐嘉,杜宝昌,等.DNDY地面电场仪预警系统和开展的业务[J].黑龙江气象,2009,26(3):45-46.HAN Hongliang,XU Jia,DU Baochang,et al.DNDY ground electric field meter,early warning system and business carried out[J].Heilongjiang Meteorology,2009,26(3):45-46.
[5]肖正华,张义军.空中电场探测的现状[J].高原气象,1995,14(2):123-129..XIAO Zhenghua,ZHANG Yijun.Review of recent development of electric field measurement in the air[J].Plateau Meterology,1995,14(2):123-129
[6]罗福山,何渝晖,张健,等.新型倒装式旋转电场仪[J].空间科学学报,2004,24(6):470-474.LUO Fushan,HE Yuhui,ZHANG Jian,et al.The new inverted electric field mill[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2004,24(6):470-474.
[7]肖正华,惠世德,肖庆复,等.倒置式大气平均电场仪[J].高原气象,1994,13(1):106-112.XIAO Zhenghua,HUI Shide,XIAO Qingfu,et al.Incerted atmospheric average electric field mill[J].Plateau Meteorology,1994,13(1):106-112.
[8]宋欣,王克奇,李迪飞.场磨式电场仪在雷电预警中的研究与应用[J].自动化与仪表,2011(2):8-11.SONG Xin,WANG Keqi,LI Difei.Research and application of field mill electric field meter in the lightning early warning[J].Automation and Instrumentation,2011(2):8-11.
[9]杨鹏飞,陈博,闻小龙,等.一种基于MEMS芯片的新型地面大气电场传感器[J].电子与信息学报,2016,38(6):1536-1540.YANG Pengfei,CHEN Bo,WEN Xiaolong,et al.A novel MEMSchip-based ground atmospheric electric field sensor[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2016,38(6):1536-1540.
[10]满峰,刘波,姜秀杰,等.箭载双臂式电场仪前置放大电路设计[J].微计算机信息,2010,26(14):12-14.MAN Feng,LIU Bo,JIANG Xiujie,et al.The design of the preamplifier circuit used in the rocket-borne two booms electric field instrument[J].Microcomputer Information,2010,26(14):12-14.
[11]满峰,刘波,姜秀杰,等.星载电场仪的电场测量方法[J].科技导报,2008,26(18):84-87.MAN Feng,LIU Bo,JIANG Xiujie,et al.Electric field measurement by the electric field instrument on satellite[J].Science&Technology Review,2008,26(18):84-87.
[12]黄玉学,郭在华,李良福.地面电场仪中前置放大电路的研究与设计[C]∥中国气象学会年会.厦门:中国气象学会,2011:1010-1015.HUANG Yuxue,GUO Zaihua,LI Liangfu.Research and design of preamplifier circuit in ground electric field instrument[C]∥Annual meeting of China Meteorological Society.Xiamen,China:Chinese Meteorological Society,2011:1010-1015.
[13]俞坤师,陈家宏,谷山强,等.基于STM32的雷电预警装置的设计与实现[J].电测与仪表,2014,51(3):68-72.YU Kunshi,CHEN Jiahong,GU Shanqiang,et al.Design and implementation of STM32 based measurementfor lightning warning device[J].Electrical Measurement Instrumentation,2014,51(3):68-72.
[14]王杰,彭涛,郑伟,等.基于DNDY大气电场仪的雷电监测系统的建设[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2013,30(4):76-78.WANG Jie,PENG Tao,ZHENG Wei,et al.Lightning monitoring and warning system based on DNDY atmospheric electric field meter[J].Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instrument,2013,30(4):76-78.
[15]邹志龙,崔翔,卢铁兵.空间电荷对旋转式直流电场仪测量准确性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3443-3449.ZOU Zhilong,CUI Xiang,LU Tiebing.Effects of space charges on the measurement accuracy of rotating direct current electric field mill[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3443-3449.
[16]伍小成,袁海文,郑盾,等.旋转式电场仪测量交流电场的研究[J].测控技术,2012,31(4):9-12.WU Xiaocheng,YUAN Haiwen,ZHENG Dun,et al.Research on measurement of AC electric field using field mill[J].Measurement and Control Technology,2012,31(4):9-12.
[17]崔勇,袁海文,赵录兴,等.基于有限元方法的现磨式电场传感器标定装置优化设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,41(10):1807-1812.CUI Yong,YUAN Haiwen,ZHAO Luxing,et al.Optimum design of calibration device for field mill type electric field sensor based on finite element method[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014,41(10):1807-1812.
[18]罗福山,何渝晖,张华伟,等.电场的标定方法[J].空间科学学报,2007,27(3):223-226.LUO Fushan,HE Yuhui,ZHANG Huawei,et al.Calibration method of electric field[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2007,27(3):223-226.
[19]谷山强,王剑,冯万兴,等.电网雷电监测数据统计与挖掘分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3383-3391.GU Shangqiang,WANG Jian,FENG Wanxing,et al.Statistical and mining analysis of lightning detection data in power grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(11):3383-3391.
[20]李家成,沈艳霞,周琦,等.数字式电场测量系统的设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2017(6):64-68.LI Jiacheng,SHEN Yanxia,ZHOU Qi,et al.Design of digital electric field measurement system[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2017(6):64-68.
[21]陶汉涛,谷山强,王海涛,等.输电线路雷电预警系统中心站的设计与研发[J].高压电器,2016,52(10):61-68.TAO Hantao,GU Shanqian,WANG Haitao,et al.Design and development of lightning warning system’s central station fortransmission line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(10):61-68.