多断口真空开关不平衡磁场计算与优化
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摘要
为研究多断口真空开关不平衡磁场分布及影响,首先引入了多断口真空开关磁偏弧的概念,并分析多断口真空开关串联电弧及连接部分对各个断口磁场分布的影响,使其失去对称性,存在不平衡磁场。然后建立了不同布置方式下的双断口真空开关磁场模型,得到了不同布置方式情况下的磁场分布。最后通过双断口真空开关磁场数据与单个真空开关的磁场数据进行矢量计算,得到了双断口真空开关连接布置方式及串联电弧间相互影响引起的不平衡磁场的影响规律。仿真结果表明在双断口真空开关不同布置、不同距离情况下,在电流为10 kA时,不平衡磁感应强度<30 mT,随着距离的增加,不平衡磁感应强度减小,并可知铜屏蔽罩外围进行导磁材料涂层可以有效抑制不平衡磁场。该研究得到了多断口真空开关不平衡磁场的分布及优化措施,为多断口真空开关布置方式及紧凑型优化设计提供了参考依据。
In order to investigate the distribution and influence of the unbalanced magnetic field(BMF) in multi-break VCBs, the concept of the magnetic arc blow in multi-break VCBs is firstly proposed and the magnetic arc blow is caused by unbalanced magnetic field which is produced by the interaction between each breaks and the connection bus is analyzed. The magnetic field model of the double-break VCBs in different configurations is established. The magnetic field distribution is calculated by the Ansoft Maxwell. Based on the simulation data of the magnetic field in double-break and single-break VCBs, the vector calculation is used to calculate the unbalanced magnetic field. The laws of the unbalanced magnetic field influenced by the configuration and vacuum arcs are obtained. The simulation results indicate that the BMF of the double-break VCBs is below 30 mT with different configuration and distance when the main current is 10 kA.The BMF decreases as the distance of the vacuum interrupters in double-break VCBs. The magnetic field shield, which is achieved by smearing the magnetic material on the copper shield, is proposed to restrain the BMF in double-break VCBs.The BMF and optimal method is obtained which is useful to the configuration and optimization design of the multi-break VCBs from the aspect of the magnetic field distribution.
In order to investigate the distribution and influence of the unbalanced magnetic field(BMF) in multi-break VCBs, the concept of the magnetic arc blow in multi-break VCBs is firstly proposed and the magnetic arc blow is caused by unbalanced magnetic field which is produced by the interaction between each breaks and the connection bus is analyzed. The magnetic field model of the double-break VCBs in different configurations is established. The magnetic field distribution is calculated by the Ansoft Maxwell. Based on the simulation data of the magnetic field in double-break and single-break VCBs, the vector calculation is used to calculate the unbalanced magnetic field. The laws of the unbalanced magnetic field influenced by the configuration and vacuum arcs are obtained. The simulation results indicate that the BMF of the double-break VCBs is below 30 mT with different configuration and distance when the main current is 10 kA.The BMF decreases as the distance of the vacuum interrupters in double-break VCBs. The magnetic field shield, which is achieved by smearing the magnetic material on the copper shield, is proposed to restrain the BMF in double-break VCBs.The BMF and optimal method is obtained which is useful to the configuration and optimization design of the multi-break VCBs from the aspect of the magnetic field distribution.
引文
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[21]ALFEROV D F,IVANOV V P,SIDOROV V A.Characteristics of DCvacuum arc in the transverse axially symmetric magnetic field[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2003,31(5):918-922.
[22]葛国伟,张众,程显,等.双断口真空断路器的动态介质恢复协同特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2963-2969.GE Guowei,ZHANG Zhong,CHENG Xian,et al.Dynamic dielectric recovery synergy characteristic of vacuum circuit breaker with double-break[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2963-2969.
[2]程显,陈占清,葛国伟,等.基于SF6替代气体的高压混合断路器开断特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):3862-3868.CHENG Xian,CHEN Zhanqing,GE Guowei,et al.Interruption characteristics of high-voltage hybrid circuit breaker based on the alternative of SF6 gas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(12):3862-3868.
[3]GE G,CHENG X,LIAO M,et al.A review of the synergy effect in multibreak VCBs[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2018,47(1):671-679.
[4]过增元.电弧和热等离子体[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.GUO Zengyuan.Arc and thermal plasma[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,1986.
[5]MATSUI Y,NAGATAKE K,TAKESHITA M,et al.Development and technology of high voltage VCBs:breaf history and state of art[C]∥International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,2006.[S.l.]:IEEE,2006:253-256.
[6]杨庆,张照辉,席世友,等.相控断路器投切10 kV并联电容器的应用[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1739-1745.YANG Qing,ZHANG Zhaohui,XI Shiyou,et al.Application of 10 kVswitching shunt capacitor banks with controlled vacuum circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1739-1745.
[7]WANG L J,JIA S L,LIU K,et al.Numerical simulation of high-current vacuum arc characteristics under combined action of axial magnetic field and external magnetic field from bus bar[J].Physics of Plasmas,2009,16(10):103502.
[8]YAO X,WANG J,GENG Y,et al.An influence of an ambient magnetic field induced by a nearby parallel conductor on high-current vacuum arcs[C]∥2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum(ISDEIV).[S.l.]:IEEE,2012:337-340.
[9]贾申利,闫静.一种用于真空灭弧室的磁屏蔽罩[J].高压电器,1999,35(2):13-16.JIA Shenli,YAN Jing.A magnetic shield of vacuum interrupters[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1999,35(2):13-16.
[10]林莘.现代高压电器技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.LIN Xin.Modern high voltage electrical technology[M].Beijing,China:China Machine Press,2011.
[11]FANG D Y.Cathode spot velocity of vacuum arcs[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1982,15(5):833.
[12]SLADE P G.The vacuum interrupter:theory,design,and application[M].Boca Raton,USA:Crc Press,2008.
[13]PEDROW P D,BURRAGE L M,SHOHET J L.Performance of a vacuum arc commutating switch for a fault-current limiter[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,102(5):1269-1277.
[14]EMTAGEP R.Interaction between vacuum arcs and transverse magnetic fields with application to current limitation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1980,8(4):314-319.
[15]KIM M J.Development of a fault current limiter for 22.9 kV distribution power line[C]∥2013 2nd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology.Matsue,Japan:[s.n.],2013:1-4.
[16]KIM M J,PARK K,AHN K Y,et al.Application of fault current limiter in 22.9 kV KEPCO grid[C]∥2015 3rd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment Switching Technology.Busan,Korea:[s.n.],2015:557-560.
[17]HYUN O B,SIM J,KIM H R,et al.Reliability enhancement of the fast switch in a hybrid superconducting fault current limiter by using power electronic switches[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2009,19(3):1843-1846.
[18]ALFEROV D F,LONDER Y I,ULYANOV K N.Study of the effect of a vacuum arc current interruption in a nonuniform magnetic field[C]∥23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,2008.Bucharest,Romania:[s.n.],2008:296-299.
[19]ALFEROV D F,BELKIN G S,YEVSIN D V.DC vacuum arc extinction in a transverse axisymmetric magnetic field[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2009,37(8):1433-1437.
[20]ALFEROV D F,AHMETGAREEV M R,YEVSIN D V,et al.Quenching of an electric arc in a vacuum gap with a uniform transverse magnetic field[J].Plasma Physics Reports,2010,36(13):1210-1214.
[21]ALFEROV D F,IVANOV V P,SIDOROV V A.Characteristics of DCvacuum arc in the transverse axially symmetric magnetic field[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2003,31(5):918-922.
[22]葛国伟,张众,程显,等.双断口真空断路器的动态介质恢复协同特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2963-2969.GE Guowei,ZHANG Zhong,CHENG Xian,et al.Dynamic dielectric recovery synergy characteristic of vacuum circuit breaker with double-break[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2963-2969.