消费社会下商业地理研究的新取向
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摘要
二十世纪二、三十年代以来,在实证主义和行为主义的影响下,商业地理学研究多聚焦于空间结构与边界、商业活动的区位与业态、商业活动中人的行为等经典领域。九十年代之后,网络经济的快速发展和大数据的应用,使实体商业与电子购物的关系、消费者行为的空间分析等主题,成为新的研究焦点,并积极推动商业地理在研究内容和研究方法上的革新。伴随着消费力量在现代社会的崛起,商业地理所关注的商业空间和活动,不仅被消费地理从社会文化的视角进行诠释,而且在主题上扩展至更为多元的消费实践和社会关系网络。人本主义、新马克思主义、结构主义等流派的思想,也被广泛用于消费空间的解读。在一个更为广阔的社会背景和更贴近日常生活的框架下,商业地理将不局限于对物质层面的关注,而是处于一个更加开放的知识体系之中。
Since the 1920 s and 30 s, with the influence of positivism and behaviorism, the focus of commercial geography has revolved around such issues as spatial structure and boundary of commercial activities, location and types of commercial industries, and the impacts of consumer behaviors. Resulting from the rapid development of internet economy and the application of big data since the 1990 s, new issues, such as the relationship between physical and online shopping, and the spatial analysis on consumer behavior, have been emerging and profoundly facilitated the theoretical and methodological transitions of commercial geography.The rising power of consumption in modern society has further entailed the adoption of new perspectives,e.g. the socio-cultural perspective from consumption geography, to interpret commercial space and activities,and the extension to include more diverse consumption practices and social relation networks. The theories and explanations derived from humanism, neo-Marxism and structuralism are also widely applied to better understand the consumption space. Situated in an increasingly complicated social context and with a tendency to pay more attention to daily life, the research of commercial geography is no longer confined to the material aspects, but is turning into a more open system of knowledge advancement. This paper summarizes the ongoing scholarly enquiries in commercial geography. Based on a brief review of the traditional research of commercial geography, the strands of literature to identify the new change in response to the growth of ecommerce, to apply new technic and methodologies which provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding, and to explore new analytical perspectives in a dramatically changing social context are evaluated.
Since the 1920 s and 30 s, with the influence of positivism and behaviorism, the focus of commercial geography has revolved around such issues as spatial structure and boundary of commercial activities, location and types of commercial industries, and the impacts of consumer behaviors. Resulting from the rapid development of internet economy and the application of big data since the 1990 s, new issues, such as the relationship between physical and online shopping, and the spatial analysis on consumer behavior, have been emerging and profoundly facilitated the theoretical and methodological transitions of commercial geography.The rising power of consumption in modern society has further entailed the adoption of new perspectives,e.g. the socio-cultural perspective from consumption geography, to interpret commercial space and activities,and the extension to include more diverse consumption practices and social relation networks. The theories and explanations derived from humanism, neo-Marxism and structuralism are also widely applied to better understand the consumption space. Situated in an increasingly complicated social context and with a tendency to pay more attention to daily life, the research of commercial geography is no longer confined to the material aspects, but is turning into a more open system of knowledge advancement. This paper summarizes the ongoing scholarly enquiries in commercial geography. Based on a brief review of the traditional research of commercial geography, the strands of literature to identify the new change in response to the growth of ecommerce, to apply new technic and methodologies which provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding, and to explore new analytical perspectives in a dramatically changing social context are evaluated.
引文
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(1)本文为了保留文献原意,使用了“商业地理学”、“零售地理学”和“消费地理学”三个概念[30],有必要进行解释。“商业地理学(commercial geography)”在西方早期主要是“描述经济活动的分布”,此概念一直为国内人文地理学者所沿用,研究对象一般包括了零售和批发两种业态,狭义上多指前者。“零售地理学(geography of retailing)”早期主要研究“零售业区位的空间类型和组织相互关系及消费者行为”,随着学科的发展,研究主题逐渐扩展至社会、政治、文化领域。国内使用这个概念不多,习惯上多用狭义的“商业地理学”进行零售业研究。“消费地理学”(geography of consumption)早期主要研究“商品地理”,目前,主要集中在社会和文化问题上,侧重于文化地理的研究视角。显然,随着学科相互渗透,“零售地理学”与“消费地理学”研究对象和视角已经有了明显的交集。
(2)Mansvelt在不同论文使用“absent presence”这个概念,但赋予了不同的内涵。
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(1)本文为了保留文献原意,使用了“商业地理学”、“零售地理学”和“消费地理学”三个概念[30],有必要进行解释。“商业地理学(commercial geography)”在西方早期主要是“描述经济活动的分布”,此概念一直为国内人文地理学者所沿用,研究对象一般包括了零售和批发两种业态,狭义上多指前者。“零售地理学(geography of retailing)”早期主要研究“零售业区位的空间类型和组织相互关系及消费者行为”,随着学科的发展,研究主题逐渐扩展至社会、政治、文化领域。国内使用这个概念不多,习惯上多用狭义的“商业地理学”进行零售业研究。“消费地理学”(geography of consumption)早期主要研究“商品地理”,目前,主要集中在社会和文化问题上,侧重于文化地理的研究视角。显然,随着学科相互渗透,“零售地理学”与“消费地理学”研究对象和视角已经有了明显的交集。
(2)Mansvelt在不同论文使用“absent presence”这个概念,但赋予了不同的内涵。