低温碱性一步熔炼处理分银渣
|
摘要
采用低温碱性一步熔炼处理分银渣生产贵铅合金,产出的碱浮渣再经水浸获得含锡、锑、砷溶液。考察了碱渣比、盐渣比、碳粉加入量、熔炼温度、熔炼时间对锡、锑、砷浸出率以及铅、铋回收率的影响。结果表明:熔炼过程的优化条件为:碱渣比0.6,盐渣比0.4,熔炼温度600℃,熔炼时间6 h,碳粉加入量为20%。在此优化条件下,锡、锑、砷浸出率分别为85.95%、93.06%和98.62%,铅、铋被还原为单质捕集贵金属形成贵铅合金,回收率分别为93.17%和99.99%。本工艺流程短、试剂耗量少,实现了分银渣中有价金属的高效初步分离富集。
Processing of silver separated residue(SSR) by low temperature alkaline one-step smelting was adopted to produce precious lead alloy and obtained a solution of Sn, Sb, As followed by water leaching of alkaline slag. The effects of the mass ratio of alkali to SSR, the mass ratio of salt to SSR, smelting temperature, smelting time and addition of coke powder were determined on the leaching efficiencies of As, Sn and Sb, and the recovery rates of Pb and Bi. The results show that the optimum conditions of the process are determined as follows: the mass ratio of alkali to SSR is 0.6, the mass ratio of salt to SSR is 0.4, the smelting temperature is 600 ℃, the smelting time is 6 h and the content of coke powder is 20%. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching efficiencies of As, Sn and Sb reach 98.62%, 85.95% and 93.06%, respectively, while Pb and Bi are reduced to form precious lead alloy and the recovery rates of Pb and Bi reach 93.17% and 99.99%, respectively.This process provides a simple, highly effective way to seperate and extract precious metals.
Processing of silver separated residue(SSR) by low temperature alkaline one-step smelting was adopted to produce precious lead alloy and obtained a solution of Sn, Sb, As followed by water leaching of alkaline slag. The effects of the mass ratio of alkali to SSR, the mass ratio of salt to SSR, smelting temperature, smelting time and addition of coke powder were determined on the leaching efficiencies of As, Sn and Sb, and the recovery rates of Pb and Bi. The results show that the optimum conditions of the process are determined as follows: the mass ratio of alkali to SSR is 0.6, the mass ratio of salt to SSR is 0.4, the smelting temperature is 600 ℃, the smelting time is 6 h and the content of coke powder is 20%. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching efficiencies of As, Sn and Sb reach 98.62%, 85.95% and 93.06%, respectively, while Pb and Bi are reduced to form precious lead alloy and the recovery rates of Pb and Bi reach 93.17% and 99.99%, respectively.This process provides a simple, highly effective way to seperate and extract precious metals.
引文
[1]宾智勇.复杂多金属物料综合回收铜铅锌锡试验研究[J].湖南有色金属,2004,20(6):16-18.BIN Zhi-yong.Study on retrieve synthetically the copper,lead,zinc and tin in the complicated mutl metal supplies[J].Hunan Nonferrous Metals,2004,20(6):16-18.
[2]诸向东,汪洋,李仕雄,安娟,於智泉.分银渣中有价金属高效回收利用[J].矿冶工程,2012(6):86-89.ZHU Xiang-dong,WANG Yang,LI Shi-xiong,AN Juan,YU Zhi-quan.Efficient recycling of valuable metals from silver separating residue[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2012(6):86-89.
[3]吴艳新.从铜阳极泥分银渣中综合回收利用锡的研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2013:5-12.WU Yan-xin.Study on the comprehensive recovery of tin from silver-separated residue[D].Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2013:5-12.
[4]程利振,李翔翔,张三佩,袁廷刚,田庆华.我国铜阳极泥分银渣综合回收利用研究进展[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2011(4):40-43.CHENG Li-zhen,LI Xiang-xiang,ZHANG San-pei,YUAN Ting-gang,TIAN Qing-hua.The research progress of the technology for the recovery of valuable metals in silver separating residue[J].Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering,2011(4):40-43.
[5]陈白珍,李义兵,龚竹青,李改变.分银渣综合提取工艺研究[J].中国稀土学报,2004(22):542-545.CHEN Bai-zhen,LI Yi-bing,GONG Zhu-qing,LI Gai-bian.Study of comprehensive extra-cting silver separated residue[J].Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2004(22):542-545.
[6]李义兵,陈白珍,王之平,倪站兵,李改变.分银渣铅锑浸出工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2004(5):9-11.LI Yi-bing,CHEN Bai-zhen,WANG Zhi-ping,NI Zhan-bing,LI Gai-bian.Study on leaching process of lead and antimony from silver separated residue[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2004(5):9-11.
[7]陆凤英,魏庭贤,沈雅君,郑丽娟.分银渣综合利用新工艺扩大试验[J].云南冶金,2000,31(1):39-40.LU Feng-ying,WEI Ting-xian,SHEN Wei-jun,ZHENG Li-juan.Enlarged experiment on new technology for complex utilization of silver separating residue[J].Yunan Metallurgy,2000,31(1):39-40.
[8]孙文达.分银渣中贵金属的回收[J].铜业工程,2008(1):35-36.SUN Wen-da.Precious metals recovery in silver separating residue[J].Copper Engineering,2008(1):35-36.
[9]胡少华.阳极泥中金银等有价金属的回收[J].江西有色金属,1999,13(3):37-39.HU Shao-hua.Recovery of valuable elements in silver separating residue[J].Jiangxi Non-ferrous Metals,1999,13(3):37-39
[10]李义兵.分银渣综合回收利用工艺研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2003:13-14.LI Yi-bing.Process Study on complex recovery and utilization silver separating residue[D].Changsha:Central South University,2003:13-14.
[11]赵由才,张承龙,蒋家超.碱介质湿法冶金技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:10-16.ZHAO You-cai,ZHANG Cheng-long,JIANG Jia-chao.The hydrometallurgical technology in alkaline media[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:10-16.
[12]郭学益,刘静欣,田庆华,李栋.有色金属复杂资源低温碱性熔炼原理与方法[J].有色金属科学与工程,2013(2):8-13.GUO Xue-yi,LIU Jing-xin,TIAN Qing-hua,LI Dong.Principle and method of low temperature alkaline smelting in nonferrous metallurgy complicated resources[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2013,(02):8-13.
[13]田庆华,程利振,袁廷刚,辛云涛,郭学益.Na OH-Na2S熔盐法处理分银渣[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(8):2553-2558.TIAN Qing-hua,CHENG Li-zhen,YUAN Ting-gang,XIN Yun-tao,GUO Xue-yi.Processing of silver separated residue by Na OH-Na2S molten salt method[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(8):2553-2558.
[14]郭学益,刘静欣,田庆华.废弃电路板多金属粉末低温碱性熔炼过程的元素行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(6):1757-1763.GUO Xue-yi,LIU Jing-xin,TIAN Qing-hua.Element behavior of low temperature alkaline smelting process of waste printed circuit boards[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(6):1757-1763.
[15]刘静欣,郭学益,刘旸.废弃电路板多金属粉末碱性熔炼产物分形浸出动力学[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(2):545-552.LIU Jing-xin,GUO Xue-yi,LIU Yang.Fractal leaching kinetics of alkaline smelting product with metal enrichment from waste printed circuit boards[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):545-552.
[16]汪秋雨,蔡琥,何强,韩亚丽,胡意文,王日.分银渣中锡提取工艺[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(7):22-25.WANG Qiu-yu,CAI Hu,HE Qiang,HAN Ya-li,HU Yi-wen,WANG Ri.Tin extraction process from separating residue[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2016(7):22-25.
[17]赵天从.锑[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1987:95-99.ZHAO Tian-cong.Antimony[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1987:95-99.
[18]BROSTOW W,GAHUTISHVILI M,GIGAURI R,HALEY E,LOBLAND H,JAPARIDZE S,LEKISHVILI N.Separation of natural trivalent oxides of arsenic and antimony[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,159(3):24-26.
[19]BALA P,ACHIMOVI O M.Selective leaching of antimony and arsenic from mechanically activated tetrahedrite,jamesonite and enargite[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2006,81(1):44-50.
[20]KUCHAR D,FUKUTA T,ONYANGO M S,MATSUDA H.Sulfidation treatment of copper-containing plating sludge towards copper resource recovery[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,138(1):86-94.
[21]易宇,石靖,田庆华,郭学益.高砷烟尘氢氧化钠-硫化钠碱性浸出脱砷[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):806-814.YI Yu,SHI Jing,TIAN Qing-hua,GUO Xue-yi.Arsenic removal from high-arsenic dust by Na OH-Na2S alkaline leaching[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(3):806-814.
[22]URAZOV G G,LIPSHITS B M.The solubility isotherms of Na2O-H2O-As2O5 system at 75℃[J].Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,1960,5(4):950-952.(in Russian)
[23]GUERIN H,MATTRAT P.Study on the alkaline arsenates of As2O5-Na2O-H2O system at 25℃[J].French Bulletin of Chemical Society,1957,2:323-329.(in French)
[2]诸向东,汪洋,李仕雄,安娟,於智泉.分银渣中有价金属高效回收利用[J].矿冶工程,2012(6):86-89.ZHU Xiang-dong,WANG Yang,LI Shi-xiong,AN Juan,YU Zhi-quan.Efficient recycling of valuable metals from silver separating residue[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2012(6):86-89.
[3]吴艳新.从铜阳极泥分银渣中综合回收利用锡的研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2013:5-12.WU Yan-xin.Study on the comprehensive recovery of tin from silver-separated residue[D].Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2013:5-12.
[4]程利振,李翔翔,张三佩,袁廷刚,田庆华.我国铜阳极泥分银渣综合回收利用研究进展[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2011(4):40-43.CHENG Li-zhen,LI Xiang-xiang,ZHANG San-pei,YUAN Ting-gang,TIAN Qing-hua.The research progress of the technology for the recovery of valuable metals in silver separating residue[J].Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering,2011(4):40-43.
[5]陈白珍,李义兵,龚竹青,李改变.分银渣综合提取工艺研究[J].中国稀土学报,2004(22):542-545.CHEN Bai-zhen,LI Yi-bing,GONG Zhu-qing,LI Gai-bian.Study of comprehensive extra-cting silver separated residue[J].Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2004(22):542-545.
[6]李义兵,陈白珍,王之平,倪站兵,李改变.分银渣铅锑浸出工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2004(5):9-11.LI Yi-bing,CHEN Bai-zhen,WANG Zhi-ping,NI Zhan-bing,LI Gai-bian.Study on leaching process of lead and antimony from silver separated residue[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2004(5):9-11.
[7]陆凤英,魏庭贤,沈雅君,郑丽娟.分银渣综合利用新工艺扩大试验[J].云南冶金,2000,31(1):39-40.LU Feng-ying,WEI Ting-xian,SHEN Wei-jun,ZHENG Li-juan.Enlarged experiment on new technology for complex utilization of silver separating residue[J].Yunan Metallurgy,2000,31(1):39-40.
[8]孙文达.分银渣中贵金属的回收[J].铜业工程,2008(1):35-36.SUN Wen-da.Precious metals recovery in silver separating residue[J].Copper Engineering,2008(1):35-36.
[9]胡少华.阳极泥中金银等有价金属的回收[J].江西有色金属,1999,13(3):37-39.HU Shao-hua.Recovery of valuable elements in silver separating residue[J].Jiangxi Non-ferrous Metals,1999,13(3):37-39
[10]李义兵.分银渣综合回收利用工艺研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2003:13-14.LI Yi-bing.Process Study on complex recovery and utilization silver separating residue[D].Changsha:Central South University,2003:13-14.
[11]赵由才,张承龙,蒋家超.碱介质湿法冶金技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:10-16.ZHAO You-cai,ZHANG Cheng-long,JIANG Jia-chao.The hydrometallurgical technology in alkaline media[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:10-16.
[12]郭学益,刘静欣,田庆华,李栋.有色金属复杂资源低温碱性熔炼原理与方法[J].有色金属科学与工程,2013(2):8-13.GUO Xue-yi,LIU Jing-xin,TIAN Qing-hua,LI Dong.Principle and method of low temperature alkaline smelting in nonferrous metallurgy complicated resources[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2013,(02):8-13.
[13]田庆华,程利振,袁廷刚,辛云涛,郭学益.Na OH-Na2S熔盐法处理分银渣[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(8):2553-2558.TIAN Qing-hua,CHENG Li-zhen,YUAN Ting-gang,XIN Yun-tao,GUO Xue-yi.Processing of silver separated residue by Na OH-Na2S molten salt method[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(8):2553-2558.
[14]郭学益,刘静欣,田庆华.废弃电路板多金属粉末低温碱性熔炼过程的元素行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(6):1757-1763.GUO Xue-yi,LIU Jing-xin,TIAN Qing-hua.Element behavior of low temperature alkaline smelting process of waste printed circuit boards[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(6):1757-1763.
[15]刘静欣,郭学益,刘旸.废弃电路板多金属粉末碱性熔炼产物分形浸出动力学[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(2):545-552.LIU Jing-xin,GUO Xue-yi,LIU Yang.Fractal leaching kinetics of alkaline smelting product with metal enrichment from waste printed circuit boards[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):545-552.
[16]汪秋雨,蔡琥,何强,韩亚丽,胡意文,王日.分银渣中锡提取工艺[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(7):22-25.WANG Qiu-yu,CAI Hu,HE Qiang,HAN Ya-li,HU Yi-wen,WANG Ri.Tin extraction process from separating residue[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2016(7):22-25.
[17]赵天从.锑[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1987:95-99.ZHAO Tian-cong.Antimony[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1987:95-99.
[18]BROSTOW W,GAHUTISHVILI M,GIGAURI R,HALEY E,LOBLAND H,JAPARIDZE S,LEKISHVILI N.Separation of natural trivalent oxides of arsenic and antimony[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,159(3):24-26.
[19]BALA P,ACHIMOVI O M.Selective leaching of antimony and arsenic from mechanically activated tetrahedrite,jamesonite and enargite[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2006,81(1):44-50.
[20]KUCHAR D,FUKUTA T,ONYANGO M S,MATSUDA H.Sulfidation treatment of copper-containing plating sludge towards copper resource recovery[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,138(1):86-94.
[21]易宇,石靖,田庆华,郭学益.高砷烟尘氢氧化钠-硫化钠碱性浸出脱砷[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):806-814.YI Yu,SHI Jing,TIAN Qing-hua,GUO Xue-yi.Arsenic removal from high-arsenic dust by Na OH-Na2S alkaline leaching[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(3):806-814.
[22]URAZOV G G,LIPSHITS B M.The solubility isotherms of Na2O-H2O-As2O5 system at 75℃[J].Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,1960,5(4):950-952.(in Russian)
[23]GUERIN H,MATTRAT P.Study on the alkaline arsenates of As2O5-Na2O-H2O system at 25℃[J].French Bulletin of Chemical Society,1957,2:323-329.(in French)