普洱咖啡灭字脊虎天牛发生的影响因素分析
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摘要
【目的】咖啡灭字脊虎天牛是咖啡树上的主要害虫,以幼虫钻蛀咖啡树干进行危害,对咖啡产业造成了严重的经济损失,需研究掌握普洱咖啡灭字脊虎天牛发生的影响因素。【方法】选取了切干和不切干的咖啡树、不同树龄、树势、不同坡向、不同位置的咖啡园进行了调查,应用差异性和灰色系统分析了影响普洱咖啡灭字脊虎天牛发生的环境因素和气候因子。【结果】咖啡灭字脊虎天牛的发生与咖啡树是否切干、与咖啡树龄、树势、坡向、咖啡园位置有关,从第2年开始,未切干的咖啡树的受害率高于切干的咖啡树;1年生和2年生的咖啡园,咖啡灭字脊虎天牛的受害率差异不显著,而3至8年生及以上的咖啡园,咖啡灭字脊虎天牛的受害率差异显著。不同树势、不同坡向、不同位置的咖啡园中,咖啡树的受害率差异显著。灰色关联度分析表明,对咖啡灭字脊虎天牛幼虫种群数量影响最大的气象因子是降雨量和最低相对湿度,对咖啡灭字脊虎天牛成虫的种群数量影响最大的气象因子是最高温度和平均温度。【结论】咖啡灭字脊虎天牛的发生与咖啡树的切干与否,与咖啡树的树龄、树势、坡向、咖啡园位区及气象因素有关。
【Objective】Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat was the dominant pest of coffee trees. It harmed the coffee trunks with larvae, which had caused serious economic loss.【Method】A systematic investigation was conducted in the stumping and unstumping coffee tree with different age, different growth vigor, different slope direction and different location. The influences of environmental factors and meteorological factor on occurrence of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat were analyzed by difference analysis and the grey correlative degree.【Result】The results showed that the occurrence of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat was relative to stumping or unstumping of coffee tree, different growth vigor, different slope direction and different location of coffee garden. From the second year, the rate of damaged coffee trees in the stumping coffee garden was higher than that of unstumping coffee garden. The rate of damaged coffee trees with 1 and 2 years was no significant difference, but which with 3-8 years and more than 8 years was significant difference. Different growth vigor, different slope direction and different location of coffee garden, the rate of damaged coffee trees was also significant difference. By the grey correlative degree analysis, we found that the meteorological factor effecting on population quantities of larvae of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat were rainfall and the lowest relative humidity, and the meteorological factor effecting on population quantities of adult of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat were the highest temperature and the average temperature.【Conclusion】The occurrence of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat was correlated with the cutting, the age, the growth vigor of the coffee tree, the slope, the location of the orchard.
【Objective】Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat was the dominant pest of coffee trees. It harmed the coffee trunks with larvae, which had caused serious economic loss.【Method】A systematic investigation was conducted in the stumping and unstumping coffee tree with different age, different growth vigor, different slope direction and different location. The influences of environmental factors and meteorological factor on occurrence of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat were analyzed by difference analysis and the grey correlative degree.【Result】The results showed that the occurrence of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat was relative to stumping or unstumping of coffee tree, different growth vigor, different slope direction and different location of coffee garden. From the second year, the rate of damaged coffee trees in the stumping coffee garden was higher than that of unstumping coffee garden. The rate of damaged coffee trees with 1 and 2 years was no significant difference, but which with 3-8 years and more than 8 years was significant difference. Different growth vigor, different slope direction and different location of coffee garden, the rate of damaged coffee trees was also significant difference. By the grey correlative degree analysis, we found that the meteorological factor effecting on population quantities of larvae of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat were rainfall and the lowest relative humidity, and the meteorological factor effecting on population quantities of adult of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat were the highest temperature and the average temperature.【Conclusion】The occurrence of Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat was correlated with the cutting, the age, the growth vigor of the coffee tree, the slope, the location of the orchard.
引文
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[14]余培旺.武夷山风景区松墨天牛种群动态的研究[J].武夷科学,2008(24):123-129.
[15]陈立新,陈绘画,周钦富.气象因子对短角幽天牛诱捕效果的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(31):15590-15592.
[16]郑志静,陈绘画,张建华,等.气象因子对松墨天牛诱捕效果影响的研究[J].林业勘察设计,2011(1):119-120.
[17]陈顺立,杜瑞卿,高宛莉,等.影响武夷山景区松墨天牛种群动态变化的因素分析[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(4):427-435.
[2]张洪波,李文伟,赵云翔,等.2010 云南小粒咖啡灭字脊虎天牛为害的原因及防治研究[J].云南热作科技,2002,25(4):17-21.
[3]周迎春,文定粮.咖啡灭字虎天牛及其防治[J].云南农业科技,2009(5):52-53.
[4]邹继勇,李晓花,谢淑芳,等.普洱市咖啡主要病虫害的症状识别与防治措[J].耕作与栽培,2014(1):40-41.
[5]舒梅,成文章,李忠恒,等.思茅咖啡灭字脊虎天牛发生与危害[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(5):81-84.
[6]周又生,赵忠喜,李松林.咖啡灭字虎天牛生物生态学及发生危害规律和治理研究[J].西南农业大学学报,2002,24(1):1-4.
[7]章传政,黎星辉,朱世桂.咖啡荫蔽技术研究[J].广西热带农业,2005,99(3):25-27.
[8]张洪波,周华,李锦红,等.云南小粒咖啡荫蔽栽培研究[J].热带农业科技,2010,33(3):40-48.
[9]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1990.
[10]姚松.林分因素与松墨天牛数量关系及其补充营养阶段状况的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2008.
[11]孙晓明,方明石,安俊峰.栗山天牛对不同林分因子危害的实验[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2011,34(3):78-79
[12]裴汝康,李发昌.云南咖啡天牛类害虫优势种群发生规律和综合治理的研究[J].云南热作科技,1994,20(1):49-56.
[13]彭涛,钟宁.咖啡灭字脊虎天牛和咖啡脊虎天牛研究概述[J].云南热作科技,1997,20(2):35-38.
[14]余培旺.武夷山风景区松墨天牛种群动态的研究[J].武夷科学,2008(24):123-129.
[15]陈立新,陈绘画,周钦富.气象因子对短角幽天牛诱捕效果的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(31):15590-15592.
[16]郑志静,陈绘画,张建华,等.气象因子对松墨天牛诱捕效果影响的研究[J].林业勘察设计,2011(1):119-120.
[17]陈顺立,杜瑞卿,高宛莉,等.影响武夷山景区松墨天牛种群动态变化的因素分析[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(4):427-435.