热胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃组织结构及抗氧化指标的影响
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摘要
为探究热胁迫对白梭吻鲈(Sander lucioperca)鳃组织结构及抗氧化指标的影响,以23℃为对照组,设置28℃、31℃、34℃和36℃共计4个热胁迫组,测定不同温度胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性和丙二醛(MDA)等抗氧化指标以及鳃组织结构的影响。结果显示,28℃组鳃小片发生充血,31℃组部分鳃小片末端卷曲变形、上皮细胞水肿,34℃组鳃小片变形加重,且有少量融合,上皮细胞水肿加重、明显隆起,鳃小片之间粘液细胞肥大、增生,36℃组相邻鳃小片大量融合且严重变形,卷曲混乱排列,大量上皮细胞坏死、脱落,鳃丝粘液细胞增生、肥大;随着胁迫温度升高,鳃中SOD、CAT、GPX、MDA均整体呈现先升高、后降低的变化趋势,且在36℃时显著下降,表明热胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃组织有损伤,且随着热胁迫温度的升高,其鳃受损情况越发严重。
Temperature is among the most important environmental factors affecting the physiological status of fish.Heat stress results in oxidative stress,disrupts the antioxidant system and causes lipid damage and histopathology.Pikeperch(Sander lucioperca)is a cool-water fish and the optimum growth temperature is 20-24℃.In recent years,extreme summer temperatures in China have led to high pikeperch mortality in aquaculture ponds,posing a severe challenge to the industry.The gills,in constant contact with water,participate in numerous critical functions,including respiration,osmoregulation and excretion,and are particularly sensitive to temperature.To explore the effects of heat stress on gills of pikeperch,experimental groups of 100 were exposed to heat stress for 2 hat 28℃,31℃,34℃ and 36℃,with a control group held at 23℃.Gills were collected for paraffin section preparation and hematoxylin eosin(HE)stain was used for general histological examination.Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and malonaldehyde(MDA)were analyzed.At 28℃,congestion of secondary gill lamellae appeared and,at 31℃,the secondary gill lamellae of pikeperch became curly and shorter,and hydropic degeneration of epithelial cells was observed.At 34℃,deformation of gills lamella occurred,along with some fusion.Edema and obvious swelling occurred in epithelial cells,mucous cells were hypertrophic and hyperplasia was observed.At 36℃,numerous fusions and serious deformations appeared in the gills,large numbers of epithelial cells deteriorated and sloughed off,and filamentous mucous cells proliferated.As treatment temperature increased,SOD,CAT,GPX activity and MDA in the gills of pikeperch presented similar trends,initially increasing and then decreasing,with a significant decrease in the 36℃ group.Exposure to heat stress increases ROS lipid peroxidation,which increases the synthesis of GPX and CAT.At 36℃,the stress intensity exceeds the adaptability of pikeperch,and the antioxidant system does not function normally.Our results indicate that gill damage and metabolic disorders worsen as heat stress intensifies.
Temperature is among the most important environmental factors affecting the physiological status of fish.Heat stress results in oxidative stress,disrupts the antioxidant system and causes lipid damage and histopathology.Pikeperch(Sander lucioperca)is a cool-water fish and the optimum growth temperature is 20-24℃.In recent years,extreme summer temperatures in China have led to high pikeperch mortality in aquaculture ponds,posing a severe challenge to the industry.The gills,in constant contact with water,participate in numerous critical functions,including respiration,osmoregulation and excretion,and are particularly sensitive to temperature.To explore the effects of heat stress on gills of pikeperch,experimental groups of 100 were exposed to heat stress for 2 hat 28℃,31℃,34℃ and 36℃,with a control group held at 23℃.Gills were collected for paraffin section preparation and hematoxylin eosin(HE)stain was used for general histological examination.Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and malonaldehyde(MDA)were analyzed.At 28℃,congestion of secondary gill lamellae appeared and,at 31℃,the secondary gill lamellae of pikeperch became curly and shorter,and hydropic degeneration of epithelial cells was observed.At 34℃,deformation of gills lamella occurred,along with some fusion.Edema and obvious swelling occurred in epithelial cells,mucous cells were hypertrophic and hyperplasia was observed.At 36℃,numerous fusions and serious deformations appeared in the gills,large numbers of epithelial cells deteriorated and sloughed off,and filamentous mucous cells proliferated.As treatment temperature increased,SOD,CAT,GPX activity and MDA in the gills of pikeperch presented similar trends,initially increasing and then decreasing,with a significant decrease in the 36℃ group.Exposure to heat stress increases ROS lipid peroxidation,which increases the synthesis of GPX and CAT.At 36℃,the stress intensity exceeds the adaptability of pikeperch,and the antioxidant system does not function normally.Our results indicate that gill damage and metabolic disorders worsen as heat stress intensifies.
引文
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刘汝建,区又君,李加儿,等,2013.盐度、温度对卵形鲳够选育群体肝抗氧化酶活力的影响[J].动物学杂志,48(3):428-436.
刘松岩,2006.环境胁迫对中华鲟体内自由基水平和抗氧化酶活力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
王虹扬,2005.热胁迫对金鲫鱼组织内四种酶活性的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学.
吴玲玲,陈玲,2007.菲对斑马鱼鳃和肝组织结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,26(5):688-692.
Ayoola S O,2008.Histopathological effects of glyphosate on juvenile African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)[J].A-merican-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural&Environmental Sciences,4(3):362-367.
Cengiz E I,Unlu E,2006.Sublethal effects of commercial deltamethrin on the structure of the gill,liver and gut tissues of mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis:a microscopic study[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,21(3):246-253.
Feder M E,Hofinarm G E,1999.Heat-shock proteins,molecular chaperones,and the stress response:evolutionary and ecological physiology[J].Annual Review of Physiology,61:243-282.
Fernandes,M N and Mazon,A F,2003.Environmental Pollution and Fish Gill Morphology[M].In:Val,A Land Kapoor,B G,Eds,Fish Adaptation,Science Publishers,Enfield,203-231.
Lepage G,Munoz G,Champagne J,et al,1991.Preparative steps necessary for the accurate measurement of malondialdehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Analytical biochemistry,197(2):277-283.
Parihar M S,Javeri T,Hemnani T,et al,1997.Responses of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione antioxidant defenses in gills of the freshwater catfish(Heteropneustes fossilis)to shortterm elevated temperature[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,22(2):151-156.
Peters G,Hoffmann R,Klinger H,1984.Environment-induced gill disease of cultured rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].Aquaculture,38(2):105-126.
Richmonds C,Dutta H M,1989.Histopathological changes induced by malathion in the gills of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,43(1):123-130.
Roberts R J,Ellis A E,2012.The anatomy and physiology of teleosts.Fish Pathology[M].Fourth Edition:17-61.
Saber T H,2011.Histological adaptation to thermal changes in gills of common carp fishes Cyprinus carpio L.[J].Rafidain Journal of Science,22(1):46-55.
Svardson G,Molin G,1973.The impact of climate on Scandinavian populations of the zander(Stizostedion lucioperca L.)[J].Inst Freshw Res Drottningholm Rep,53:112-139.
Temmink J H M,Bouwmeister P J,De Jong P,et al,1983.An ultrastructural study of chromate-induced hyperplasia in the gill of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,4(2):165-179.
Uner N,Oruc E O,Canli M,2001.Effects of cypermethrin on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of the freshwater fish,Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio(L.)[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,67(5):657-664.
Wang N,Xu X,Kestemont P,2009.Effect of temperature and feeding frequency on growth performances,feed efficiency and body composition of pikeperch juveniles(Sander lucioperca)[J].Aquaculture,289(1/2):70-73.
刘汝建,区又君,李加儿,等,2013.盐度、温度对卵形鲳够选育群体肝抗氧化酶活力的影响[J].动物学杂志,48(3):428-436.
刘松岩,2006.环境胁迫对中华鲟体内自由基水平和抗氧化酶活力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
王虹扬,2005.热胁迫对金鲫鱼组织内四种酶活性的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学.
吴玲玲,陈玲,2007.菲对斑马鱼鳃和肝组织结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,26(5):688-692.
Ayoola S O,2008.Histopathological effects of glyphosate on juvenile African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)[J].A-merican-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural&Environmental Sciences,4(3):362-367.
Cengiz E I,Unlu E,2006.Sublethal effects of commercial deltamethrin on the structure of the gill,liver and gut tissues of mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis:a microscopic study[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,21(3):246-253.
Feder M E,Hofinarm G E,1999.Heat-shock proteins,molecular chaperones,and the stress response:evolutionary and ecological physiology[J].Annual Review of Physiology,61:243-282.
Fernandes,M N and Mazon,A F,2003.Environmental Pollution and Fish Gill Morphology[M].In:Val,A Land Kapoor,B G,Eds,Fish Adaptation,Science Publishers,Enfield,203-231.
Lepage G,Munoz G,Champagne J,et al,1991.Preparative steps necessary for the accurate measurement of malondialdehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Analytical biochemistry,197(2):277-283.
Parihar M S,Javeri T,Hemnani T,et al,1997.Responses of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione antioxidant defenses in gills of the freshwater catfish(Heteropneustes fossilis)to shortterm elevated temperature[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,22(2):151-156.
Peters G,Hoffmann R,Klinger H,1984.Environment-induced gill disease of cultured rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].Aquaculture,38(2):105-126.
Richmonds C,Dutta H M,1989.Histopathological changes induced by malathion in the gills of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,43(1):123-130.
Roberts R J,Ellis A E,2012.The anatomy and physiology of teleosts.Fish Pathology[M].Fourth Edition:17-61.
Saber T H,2011.Histological adaptation to thermal changes in gills of common carp fishes Cyprinus carpio L.[J].Rafidain Journal of Science,22(1):46-55.
Svardson G,Molin G,1973.The impact of climate on Scandinavian populations of the zander(Stizostedion lucioperca L.)[J].Inst Freshw Res Drottningholm Rep,53:112-139.
Temmink J H M,Bouwmeister P J,De Jong P,et al,1983.An ultrastructural study of chromate-induced hyperplasia in the gill of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,4(2):165-179.
Uner N,Oruc E O,Canli M,2001.Effects of cypermethrin on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of the freshwater fish,Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio(L.)[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,67(5):657-664.
Wang N,Xu X,Kestemont P,2009.Effect of temperature and feeding frequency on growth performances,feed efficiency and body composition of pikeperch juveniles(Sander lucioperca)[J].Aquaculture,289(1/2):70-73.