工业应用中钕铁硼磁体不可逆磁通损失的影响因素研究
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摘要
由于Nd-Fe-B磁体热稳定性较差,在服役过程中会产生不可逆磁通损失,限制了磁体的应用范围。通过探究钕铁硼磁体不可逆磁通损失与矫顽力、导磁系数(Pc值)、服役温度、服役时间之间的关系,并阐述了磁体不可逆磁通损失的产生机制。研究发现磁体随服役温度和服役时间的增加不可逆磁通损失大幅度增加,热稳定性变差,提高磁体矫顽力和Pc值可以降低磁体的不可逆磁通损失。不可逆磁通损失的产生主要是磁体磁矩发生偏转,与原磁化方向不同,反向畴增多,形成了反磁化场,造成磁体磁性能下降。
Due to poor thermal stability of Nd-Fe-B magnet, the flux irreversible loss limited magnets application in different fields. In this work, flux irreversible loss relation among coercivity, magnetic permeability(Pc), heating temperature and heating time were explored, and the influence mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the flux irreversible loss greatly increases with increasing temperature. Improving the thermal stability can enhance coercivity and magnetic permeability value of magnets. The cause of the irreversible flux loss in which magnetic moment was changed by different original magnetization direction. The reverse magnetization field is formed, and thus the magnetic properties of the magnets was decreased.
Due to poor thermal stability of Nd-Fe-B magnet, the flux irreversible loss limited magnets application in different fields. In this work, flux irreversible loss relation among coercivity, magnetic permeability(Pc), heating temperature and heating time were explored, and the influence mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the flux irreversible loss greatly increases with increasing temperature. Improving the thermal stability can enhance coercivity and magnetic permeability value of magnets. The cause of the irreversible flux loss in which magnetic moment was changed by different original magnetization direction. The reverse magnetization field is formed, and thus the magnetic properties of the magnets was decreased.
引文
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[14]Li X B,Liu S,Cao X J,Zhou B B,Chen L,Yan A R,Yan G L.Coercivity and thermal stability improvement in sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets by intergranular addition of Dy-Mn alloy[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2016,407:247.
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[16]Liang L P,Ma T Y,Zhang P,Yan M.Effects of Dy71.5Fe28.5intergranular addition on the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2015,384:133.
[17]Ni J J,Zhang Z Y,Liu Y,Jia Z F,Huang B X,Yin YB.Magnetic properties,microstructure and corrosion behavior of(Pr,Nd)12.6Fe81.3B6.1type sintered magnets doped with(Pr,Nd)30Fe62Ga8[J].Physica B,2016,499:64.
[18]Zhou B B,Lia X B,Liang X L,Yan G L,Chen K,Yan A R.Improvement of the magnetic property thermal stability and corrosion resistance of the sintered Nd-Fe-Bmagnets with Dy80Al20addition[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2017,429:257.
[19]周圣银,周廉,陈绍楷,罗建军.热处理对烧结Nd Fe B磁体微观结构和磁性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(6):1006.Zhou S Y,Zhou L,Chen S K,Luo J J.Effect of annealing on microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd Fe B magnets[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2006,35(6):1006.
[20]Taylor M G,Davies B E,Harris I R.A comparative study of the sintering behaviour of Nd Fe B and Pr Fe B for permanent magnet applications[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2002,(242-245):1375.
[2]郑大伟,朱明刚,郑立允,李卫.稀土永磁材料在永磁电机中的应用[J].微特电机,2015,43(4):81.Zheng D W,Zhu M G,Zheng L Y,Li W.Application of rare earth permanent magnetic materials for permanent magnet machines[J].Small and Special Electrical Machines,2015,43(4):81.
[3]杨磊,李连香,杨屹.新型钕铁硼永磁材料化学与热稳定性研究[J].航天器环境工程,2014,(2):196.Yang L,Li L X,Yang Y.New-type Nd Fe B permanent magnet material's chemical stability and thermal stability[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2014,(2):196.
[4]唐任远.稀土永磁电机的现状与发展[C].第十届中国电机技术研讨会,上海,2005.4.Tang R Y.Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Motor Situation and Development[C].The Tenth China Motor Technology Seminar,Shanghai,2005.4.
[5]杨金波,韩景智,刘顺荃,杜红林,王常生.新型永磁材料的研究[J].物理学力学天文学,2013,43(10):1188.Yang J B,Han J Z,Liu S Q,Du H L,Wang C S.Study of novel hard magnetic materials[J].Scientia Sinical Physica,Mechanica and Astronomica,2013,43(10):1188.
[6]Kim T H,Lee S R,Bae K H,Kim H J,Lee M W,Jang T S.Effects of Al/Cu co-doping on crystal structure and chemical composition of Nd-rich phases in NdFe-B sintered magnet[J].Acta Mater.,2017,133:200.
[7]向丽君,McGuiness P J,Mottram R S,闫阿儒,胡伯平,严高林.镝氢化物掺杂钕铁硼稀土永磁体的研究[J].中国稀土学报,2014,32(5):555.Xiang L J,McGuiness P J,Mottram R S,Yan A R,Hu B P,Yan G L.Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with dysprosium hydride addition[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2014,32(5):555.
[8]闫阿儒,宋晓平.添加Al,Mg,W,Mo对烧结NdFe-B磁体磁性能与显微组织的影响[J].中国稀土学报,1998,16(1):14.Yan A R,Song X P.Effect of Al-Mg and W-Mo addition on microstructures and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths,1998,16(1):14.
[9]潘建峰,王红玉,张勇,陈兵,刘新才,潘晶.富稀土晶界相对三种热变形钕铁硼合金矫顽力的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2018,36(1):61.Pan J F,Wang H Y,Zhang Y,Chen B,Liu X C,Pan J.Effects of rich-rare-earth grain-boundary phase on coercive force of three kinds of die-upset neodymium-iron-boron alloys[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2018,36(1):61.
[10]张雪峰,张倩.Gd含量对烧结Nd Fe B永体热稳定性的影响[J].内蒙古科技大学学报,2012,31(4):341.Zhang X F,Zhang Q.Effects of Gd addition on the temperature stability of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,2012,31(4):341.
[11]任春德,金伟洋,周鸿波,李建忠,宋小明.高综合性能烧结钕铁硼磁体关键制备技术研究[J].稀有金属,2013,37(2):249.Ren C D,Jin W Y,Zhou H B,Li J Z,Song X M.Key preparation techniques for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets of high-performance[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2013,37(2):249.
[12]王景海.用于永磁电机的理想的功能材料-Nd-FeB永磁体[J].功能材料,1991,22(4):242.Wang J H.Ideal functional material:Nd Fe B permanent magnet for electric machines[J].Journal of Functional Materials,1991,22(4):242.
[13]于濂清,崔熙贵,罗伟,严密.添加Cu和Gd对Nd(Dy Al)Fe B磁体热稳定性和磁性能的影响[J].浙江大学学报,2005,39(8):1251.Yu L Q,Cui X G,Luo W,Yan M.Influence of Cu and Gd on thermal stability and magnetic properties of Nd(Dy Al)Fe B magnets[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,2005,39(8):1251.
[14]Li X B,Liu S,Cao X J,Zhou B B,Chen L,Yan A R,Yan G L.Coercivity and thermal stability improvement in sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets by intergranular addition of Dy-Mn alloy[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2016,407:247.
[15]王瑜,董鹏斌,张百成.Nd Fe B磁体热稳定性及不可逆磁通损失的评估[J].金属功能材料,2006,(5):26.Wang Y,Dong P B,Zhang B C.Stability and estimate for flux irreversible loss of Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2006,(5):26.
[16]Liang L P,Ma T Y,Zhang P,Yan M.Effects of Dy71.5Fe28.5intergranular addition on the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2015,384:133.
[17]Ni J J,Zhang Z Y,Liu Y,Jia Z F,Huang B X,Yin YB.Magnetic properties,microstructure and corrosion behavior of(Pr,Nd)12.6Fe81.3B6.1type sintered magnets doped with(Pr,Nd)30Fe62Ga8[J].Physica B,2016,499:64.
[18]Zhou B B,Lia X B,Liang X L,Yan G L,Chen K,Yan A R.Improvement of the magnetic property thermal stability and corrosion resistance of the sintered Nd-Fe-Bmagnets with Dy80Al20addition[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2017,429:257.
[19]周圣银,周廉,陈绍楷,罗建军.热处理对烧结Nd Fe B磁体微观结构和磁性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(6):1006.Zhou S Y,Zhou L,Chen S K,Luo J J.Effect of annealing on microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd Fe B magnets[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2006,35(6):1006.
[20]Taylor M G,Davies B E,Harris I R.A comparative study of the sintering behaviour of Nd Fe B and Pr Fe B for permanent magnet applications[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2002,(242-245):1375.